Ngaba wakha wanyanzeleka ukuba uthathe i-X-ray? Masifumanise!

Sonke sivile ngee-X-reyi. Mhlawumbi nawe kuye kwafuneka uzifumane. Zisetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuba umntwana uphuke ingalo okanye umlenze emva kokuwa, okanye xa usiya kugqirha wamazinyo, okanye ukufumana unobangela wezifo ezithile. Ngoko ke, yintoni kanye kanye le, isebenza njani, kwaye inokunyangeka njani? Masithethe ngayo namhlanje.

Yintoni i-X-ray?

Ngamafutshane, i-X-ray luhlobo oluthile lwemitha esetyenziselwa ukuthatha imifanekiso yezinto ezingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Kufana nokuthatha umfanekiso ngekhamera, kodwa lo uthatha umfanekiso wangaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Uninzi lwexesha, xa sicinga nge-X-ray, sicinga ngento eyenziwayo ukukhangela amathambo aphukileyo okanye iingxaki zamazinyo ethu. Nangona kunjalo, le mifanekiso ye-X-ray inceda oogqirha ukuba bafumanise ukwenzakala okuninzi, izifo, kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo.

Xa sisoloko sithi 'i-X-ray', sithetha 'i-radiograph ecacileyo' ethatha umfanekiso omnye kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ezisebenzisa i-X-ray radiation. Umzekelo, kwi-CT scan, le radiation ye-X-ray isetyenziselwa ukuthatha imifanekiso emininzi, ethi emva koko idityaniswe yikhompyutha ukwenza umfanekiso onemilinganiselo emithathu (3D). Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje sithetha kakhulu ngaloo X-ray iqhelekileyo, enomfanekiso omnye.

Loluphi uhlobo lwe-X-ray olusetyenziswa 'ngezinto ezichaseneyo'?

Ezinye ii-X-reyi zisebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuba yi-'contrast material'. Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yi-'contrast agent' okanye 'idayi'. Oku kunceda izinto ezithile emizimbeni yethu, njengemithambo yegazi, ukuba zibonakale ngokucacileyo kumfanekiso we-X-reyi. Khumbula, ngamanye amaxesha izinto ezingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu zinokuba buthathaka kakhulu ukuba i-X-reyi ingazithatha, kwaye kulapho ke le 'contrast material' iluncedo khona.

Le 'mpahla yokwahlulahlula' inokuba lulwelo, i-capsule, okanye ithebhulethi. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika oku ngaphambi kwe-X-ray. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-X-ray eyenziwayo, unganikwa le 'mpahla yokwahlulahlula' ngenye yezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Sela ngomlomo.
• Nge-IV (inaliti emthanjeni) okanye ngokutofa kwi-cerebrospinal fluid yakho.
• Ngokuyifaka kwi-rectum yakho (enema).

Sidinga nini i-X-ray?

Ugqirha wakho angayalela i-X-ray ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• Jonga ukuba ithambo liphukile na (ukwaphuka): Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo. Nokuba ukuwa okuncinci kunokwaphuka ingalo okanye umlenze.
• Fumana unobangela weempawu zakho, ezinje ngentlungu nokudumba: Ngamanye amaxesha, i-X-ray inokunceda ekufumaneni unobangela wentlungu ongacacanga.
• Jonga usulelo lwemiphunga:I-X-ray yesifuba ithathwa xa kukho izinto ezinje ngokukhohlela okungapheliyo okanye ukuphefumla kancinci.
• Jonga izinto ezingaqhelekanga: Oku kuluncedo kwiimeko apho abantwana abancinci banokuginya izinto ezincinci ngempazamo, ezifana namathoyizi amancinci.
• Jonga iingxaki zesakhiwo emathanjeni, emalungwini, okanye kwizicubu ezithambileyo.
• Cwangcisa unyango uze ubone ukuba luphumelela kangakanani na: Umzekelo, jonga imeko ngaphambi nasemva kotyando.

Ibonisa ntoni i-X-ray?

Imifanekiso ye-X-ray ingabonisa izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukudumba kwamalungu okufana nesifo samathambo.
• Amathambo aphukileyo.
• Utshintsho lwamathambo okanye ukungaqheleki kwawo.
• Ukuba une-herniated discs emgogodleni wakho.
• Iintsholongwane, umzekelo i-pneumonia.
• Amatye ezintso.
• I-Scoliosis kunye nezinye iigophe zomqolo.
• Imingxuma yamazinyo.
• Ezinye iintlobo zeethumba.

Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula oku. Ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga zinokubonwa kwi-X-ray, kodwa azisoloko zibonwa. Oko kukuthi, nokuba kukho amatye ezintso okanye amathumba, asenokungabonakali kwi-X-ray. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha becebisa uvavanyo olongezelelweyo (umz. i-CT scan, i-MRI).

Ngaba i-X-ray ingabonisa umhlaza?

Ii-X-reyi ngamanye amaxesha zinokubonisa iimpawu zomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, aziyondlela iphambili esetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukufumanisa iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza okanye ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngumhlaza. Oku kungenxa yokuba iithumba ezikwizitho zethu zomzimba zinokuba zincinci kakhulu, okanye zinokufihlwa zizinto ezifana neembambo kwi-X-reyi yesifuba, okanye zinokuxutywa nezicubu eziqhelekileyo kwaye zingabonakali ngokucacileyo. Ngoko ke ukuba umhlaza ukrokrelwa, oogqirha badla ngokwenza iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo, ezifana ne-biopsy.

Zeziphi iintlobo ze-X-ray ezikhoyo?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-X-reyi ezisetyenziselwa ukuthatha imifanekiso yamalungu ahlukeneyo emizimbeni yethu. Ezinye zezona ntlobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu zezi:

• I-X-reyi yesisu: Oku kunceda oogqirha babone iindawo ezithile kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya baze babone izinto ezifana namatye ezintso kunye namatye esinyi. Khawuthelekelele ukuba ubunentlungu yesisu, ungacelwa ukuba uthathe i-X-reyi efana nale.
• I-Bone X-ray: Oku kungenziwa ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unethambo elaphukileyo, ilungu eliphumileyo, okanye imeko efana ne-arthritis. Ingajonga nomhlaza wamathambo okanye usulelo.
• I-X-reyi yesifuba: Ugqirha wakho angakuyalela oku ukuba uneempawu ezifana neentlungu zesifuba, ukuphefumla kancinci, okanye ukukhwehlela. Oku kubalulekile ekufumaneni izinto ezifana ne-pneumonia kunye nesifo sephepha (TB).
• I-X-reyi yamazinyo: Ugqirha wamazinyo uhlala ethatha ezi X-reyi ukujonga iingxaki zamazinyo neentsini zakho.
• I-X-reyi yentloko: Oku kunokunceda ukujonga ukuba akukho mathambo entloko aqhekekileyo ngenxa yokwenzakala entloko, okanye iimeko ezifana ne-craniosynostosis ezichaphazela indlela amathambo entloko akhiwa ngayo.
• I-X-ray yoMgogodla: Ugqirha angayisebenzisa le nto ukujonga ukwaphuka komqolo, iidiski ezityibilikileyo, kunye nezinye iingxaki zomqolo.

Ukongeza kwezi X-reyi eziqhelekileyo, kukho ezinye iindlela zobugcisa bokufota ngezonyango ezisebenzisa uthotho lwee X-reyi kwaye zicutshungulwa yikhompyutha ukwenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Iskeni soxinano lwamathambo (i-DXA).
• I-CT scan (i-CT scan - i-computed tomography).
• I-Fluoroscopy.
• I-Mammogram.

Isebenza njani i-X-ray?

Ii-X-reyi zisebenza ngokuthumela imisebe yemitha emizimbeni yethu kwaye zenze umfanekiso kwisixhobo sokufumanisa imitha esikufutshane. Asikwazi ukubona okanye ukuva le misebe yemitha.

Njengoko le misebe idlula emzimbeni, amathambo, izicubu ezithambileyo, kunye nezinye izinto zifunxa imitha ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Izinto ezixineneyo, ezifana namathambo, zifunxa imitha kakuhle, ngoko ke zibonakala zimhlophe qhwa kumfanekiso. Kwelinye icala, izicubu ezithambileyo, ezifana nezitho zomzimba kunye nemiphunga, azifunxi imitha nazo, ngoko ke zibonakala zinombala ongwevu kwi-X-ray. Iindawo ezinomoya (ezifana nemiphunga) zibonakala zimnyama.

Ingcali ye-radiology iza kujonga lo mfanekiso, iqaphele ukuba kukho into engaqhelekanga okanye exhalabisayo, ize ibhale ingxelo kugqirha oye wayalela i-X-ray.

Sifanele sizilungiselele njani ngaphambi kokwenziwa i-X-ray?

Indlela ozilungiselela ngayo iya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-X-ray oza kuyenza. Ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba wenze izinto ezifana nezi:

• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iiloshini, iikhrimu, okanye iziqholo. Ezi zinokwenza izithunzi kwi-X-ray zize zibangele iziphumo ezingachanekanga.
• Susa izinto zesinyithi ezifana namacici, imigexo, izikhonkwane zeenwele, kunye nezixhobo zokuva. Isinyithi sinokuphazamisana ne-X-ray, senza imifanekiso ingacacanga kwaye inike iziphumo ezingachanekanga.
• Kwezinye ii-X-reyi, ingakumbi ukuba kusetyenziswa izinto ezibonisa umahluko, unokucelwa ukuba uyeke ukutya nokusela iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke.
• Yiza unxibe impahla ekhululekileyo, okanye unxibe ilokhwe oyinikwe sisibhedlele ngaphambi kokuba uthathwe i-X-ray.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngembali yakho yempilo, naziphi na izinto ezikubangela ukuba ungabi namdla emzimbeni, kunye namayeza owasebenzisayo.

Ngokukodwa, ukuba ukhulelwe, ucinga ukuba ukhulelwe, okanye uncancisa, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze i-X-ray.

Ukuba uthatha i-X-ray ene-contrast material, xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba unengxaki yezintso.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa uthatha i-X-ray?

Inkqubo echanekileyo ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-X-ray onayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, xa uthatha i-X-ray, ingcali yetekhnoloji okanye ugqirha uya kwenza oku kulandelayo:

• (Ukuba kuyimfuneko) Isixhobo sokudibanisa imibala sinikwa ngenaliti, nge-enema, okanye ngomlomo. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa idayi ifakwa emthanjeni, ungaziva utshile kancinci. Abanye abantu banokufumana incasa yesinyithi emlonyeni wabo. Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga ziyaphela kwimizuzu embalwa kwaye azinakukhathazeka.
• Uza kucelwa ukuba uhlale esitulweni, ume, okanye ulale etafileni.
• Ngaphambili, ngamanye amaxesha ubugqunywa yisihlangu esikhulu se-lead/i-apron ukuze uzikhusele kwimitha engafunekiyo. Kodwa uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba oku akufuneki ngoomatshini abasetyenziswayo namhlanje, njengoko imitha ifikelela kuphela apho ifuneka khona.
• Inxalenye yomatshini we-X-reyi (njengekhamera) ibekwa kufutshane nenxalenye yomzimba ekufuneka ithathwe umfanekiso.
• Baza kushukumisa umzimba okanye amalungu akho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo baze bakucele ukuba uhlale ungashukumi. Ngamanye amaxesha baza kukucela ukuba ubambe umphefumlo wakho imizuzwana embalwa ukuze bathintele imifanekiso ukuba ingacaci.

Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana abancinci abahlali bezolile ngokwaneleyo ukuze bafumane umfanekiso ocacileyo. Kwimeko enjalo, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe isixhobo esikhethekileyo (isithintelo okanye isithinteli-ntshukumo) ukuze umntwana ahlale engashukumi ngelixa kuthathwa i-X-ray. Ezi zixhobo azimlimazi okanye zimlimaze umntwana. Zigcina umntwana ezolile kwaye zinciphisa inani lamaxesha ekufuneka athathwe ngawo imifanekiso.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuba kuthathwe i-X-ray?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho miqathango kwinto onokuyenza emva kwe-X-ray. Ungenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla njengesiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unikwe i-contrast medium, ugqirha wakho unokukunika imiyalelo ekhethekileyo. Umzekelo, unokuxelelwa ukuba usele amanzi amaninzi emva koko. Oku kuya kunceda idayi ukuba iphume emzimbeni wakho ngokukhawuleza.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-X-ray?

Ii-X-reyi ngokubanzi zikhuselekile kakhulu, azinabungozi buphezuluUvavanyo oluye lwaba nalo. Abanye abantu banokufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwidayi yokwahlulahlula. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza.
• Ukuqaqamba kwesisu okanye urhudo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.

Kukho umngcipheko omncinci kakhulu wokuba ne-allergy kwizinto ezibonisa ukungafani kombala. Abantu abane-allergies okanye i-asthma basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-allergy kwidayi yokungafani kombala. Ngoko ke, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nomngcipheko wokuba ne-allergy yoluhlobo lokungafani kombala. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga emva kokuthathwa i-X-ray ene-contrast, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Abanye abantu basenokuba nexhala kuba ii-X-ray zisebenzisa imitha (ekuthiwa ibangela umhlaza kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo kwixesha elide). Nangona kunjalo, xa ufumana i-X-ray ecacileyo, uchaphazeleka kuphela kumlinganiselo omncinci kakhulu wemitha . Oko kukuthi, ayingaphezulu kakhulu kunomlinganiselo wemitha obonakaliswe kuyo ngokwemvelo kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla (imitha yangasemva). Umzekelo:

• I-X-ray yesifuba ikubeka kwindawo ebonakala kwimitha yendalo ethatha malunga neentsuku ezili-10.
• I-X-ray yamazinyo ikubeka kuluhlu lwemitha yendalo elingana nosuku olunye.

Ugqirha uya kucebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-X-ray kuphela xa evakalelwa kukuba iingenelo zingaphezulu kakhulu kuneengozi ezincinci.

Ii-X-rays ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Nangona ubungakanani bemitha ye-radiation umntu omdala ayibona kwi-X-ray budla ngokuba yingozi, bunokuba yingozi kusana olungekazalwa (usana olungekazalwa). Ke ngoko, ukuba ukhulelwe, okanye ukuba unesikrokro sokuba ukhulelwe, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho okanye ingcali ngaphambi kokuba wenze i-X-ray. Ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni enze olunye uvavanyo lwemifanekiso olungabandakanyi imitha ye-radiation, njenge-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) okanye i-ultrasound scan. Kuphela ukuba kuyimfuneko ngokwenene, i-X-ray inokwenziwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko kumntwana.

Zithini iziphumo ze-X-ray?

Ingcali ye-radiology ngugqirha ogxile ekuxilongeni izifo ngokujonga imifanekiso efana ne-X-ray kunye ne-CT scans. Uza kujonga i-X-ray yakho, abhale phantsi iziphumo, aze abhale ingxelo. Angacebisa novavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ugqirha wakho uza kufumana imifanekiso kunye namanqaku engcali ye-radiology. Uza kuhlola imifanekiso, ayifunde ingxelo, aze akwazise ukuba kukho into exhalabisayo.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo ze-X-ray?

Iziphumo ze-X-ray yethambo zihlala zilungile ngokukhawuleza , ingakumbi kwiimeko ezifana nongxamiseko.Kodwa ixesha elithathwa yingcali ye-radiology ukuba ayihlole aze akunike ingxelo linokuhluka ngokwesibhedlele ngasinye kwaye ngamanye amaxesha. Ugqirha angakuxelela iziphumo emva nje kokuthatha i-X-ray, okanye angakubonisa kwiirekhodi zakho zempilo ze-elektroniki (nangona le nkqubo ingekafumaneki kuyo yonke indawo eSri Lanka, ifumaneka kwezinye iindawo).

Ezinye iintlobo ze-X-reyi (umzekelo, uvavanyo lwe-GI olune-contrast) zingathatha ixesha elide, mhlawumbi usuku okanye ezimbini, ukufumana iziphumo. Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba ungalindela nini ukufumana iziphumo zakho.

Ukuba iziphumo aziqhelekanga, yintoni oyenzayo emva koko?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba ufuna imifanekiso yokulandelelana okanye olunye uvavanyo. Ayizizo zonke iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga eziyingozi. Enyanisweni, izinto ezininzi ezifunyenwe ngengozi azinabungozi. Oko kukuthi, zisenokungabangeli nkxalabo inkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga neziphumo ze-X-ray, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho uze umcacisele.

Ndingambiza nini ugqirha?

Ukuba unikwe izinto zokulinganisa ngaphambi kokuba wenze i-X-ray, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu:

• Ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba, amaqhuqhuva, okanye ukurhawuzelela okukhulu.
• Intloko ebuhlungu (ukuba inzima kakhulu kunesiqhelo).
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza (ukuba asipheli).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla kancinci, ukuba uziva uxinana esifubeni.
• Ukuba uziva ngathi ubuso bakho, imilebe, okanye umqala wakho uyadumba.

Ezi mpawu zinokubonakala emva kosuku okanye iintsuku ezimbini emva kovavanyo lwe-X-ray. Kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza kuba ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zempendulo ye-allergy.

Okokugqibela, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ii-X-reyi zezinye zezona ndlela zonyango zindala nezithembekileyo. Nangona bezikho phantse iminyaka eli-130, zisabaluleke kakhulu kuba zisetyenziswa ngeendlela eziphucukileyo ngenxa yophando olutsha. Imifanekiso ye-X-reyi icacile kakhulu kunangaphambili, kwaye ubungakanani bemitha esetyenziswayo buncinci kakhulu. Ke ngoko, akukho mfuneko yokoyika ngokungeyomfuneko ukufumana i-X-reyi.

Ii-X-reyi zivumela oogqirha ukuba babone ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho into engalunganga emzimbeni wakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungafumanisa ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho into ekufuneka inyangwe okanye ivavanywe ngakumbi. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nokwenza i-X-reyi okanye iziphumo, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho, kulungile?

I- X-reyi, i-X-reyi, imitha, ukuxilongwa, ukwaphuka, izinto ezichaseneyo, iimvavanyo zonyango