Masifunde ngeemithambo-luvo ezikhethekileyo ezili-12 ezivela engqondweni yakho? (Iimithambo-luvo zeCranial)

Zininzi izinto ezimangalisayo ezenzekayo emizimbeni yethu, akunjalo? Usenokungacingi nokucinga ngayo, kodwa kukho abathunywa ababaluleke kakhulu abathwala imiyalezo esuka engqondweni yakho kungekuphela nje entlokweni yakho, ebusweni, nasentanyeni, kodwa nakwisifuba sakho. Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje. Ezi mithambo-luvo sizibiza ngokuba yi-cranial nerves, okanye ngesiNgesi, `(Cranial Nerves)`.

Zithini ezi mithambo-luvo zentloko?

Ngamafutshane, imithambo-luvo yakho yentloko yiseti yeeperi ezili-12 zemithambo-luvo. Zifana neengcingo zombane. Zithumela kwaye zamkele imiqondiso yombane esuka engqondweni yakho iye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zentloko yakho, ubuso, intamo, kunye nesifuba esingaphezulu. Ezi miqondiso zezona zikuvumela ukuba ubone, unuke, ungcamle, uve, kwaye ushukumise izihlunu zobuso bakho ukuze uncume kwaye uthethe. Ezi mithambo-luvo ziqala ngasemva kwengqondo yakho. Ziyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo.

Xa ucinga ngokubona, ukuva, ukuvumba, kunye nokungcamla, ngoko nangoko ucinga ngezinto ezifana namehlo, iindlebe, impumlo, kunye nomlomo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba le mithambo-luvo yentloko ayiphilile, izivamvo zakho azikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle. Kwakhona le mithambo-luvo yentloko ikunceda wenze imbonakalo yobuso eyahlukileyo kwaye unxibelelane nabanye.

Zingaphi izibini zezi mithambo-luvo ezikhoyo? Zifumaneka njani?

Unee -para ezili-12 zemithambo-luvo yentloko. I-para nganye yemithambo-luvo yahlulwe kabini, ikhonza amacala amabini engqondo kunye namacala amabini omzimba. Umzekelo, une-para yemithambo-luvo yokuhombisa (imithambo-luvo eva ivumba). Enye ikwicala lasekhohlo lengqondo, enye ikwicala lasekunene.

Ezimbini kwezi zibini zemithambo-luvo – umthambo wakho wokuhomba (lowo ulawula imvakalelo yakho yokuvumba) kunye nomthambo wakho wokubona (lowo ulawula umbono wakho) – ziqala kwi-cerebrum yakho. I-cerebrum yeyona nxalenye inkulu yobuchopho bakho. Ezinye izibini ezili-10 zemithambo-luvo ziqala kwi-brainstem yakho. Le brainstem yiyo edibanisa ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo.

Ubusazi? Eyona nerve inde kakhulu kwezi cranial yiVagus Nerve. Ihamba ukusuka ebuchotsheni bakho ukuya kwiMathumbu akho Amakhulu, iqhagamshela kwizitho ezininzi endleleni.

Zithini imisebenzi ephambili yeCranial Nerves?

Imithambo-luvo yakho yentloko ithwala ulwazi lweemvakalelo kunye/okanye ulwazi lokulawula intshukumo okanye intshukumo .

Iimvakalelo zemithambo-luvo ziyakunceda:

• Zive uchukumisekile, uzive iintlungu kunye nobushushu.
• Yiva izandi.
• Izinto zinokubonwa.
• Yinuke.
• Incasa.

Imithambo-luvo ye-motor inceda ekulawuleni izihlunu ezithile . Eminye imithambo-luvo ye-cranial inokwenza imisebenzi ye-sensory kunye neye-motor.

Imithambo-luvo nganye ye-cranial ene-12 inomsebenzi othile. Oogqirha bayayihlulahlula ngokwenani nangomsebenzi wayo. Makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni na:

1. I-Olfactory Nerve (CN I)

Yile nto ikwenza ukwazi ukunuka. Khawuthelekelele ukuba unokuvumba ukutya okumnandi okanye iintyatyambo ngenxa yale mithambo-luvo.

2. I-Optic Nerve (CN II)

Yile nxalenye yomzimba ethwala ulwazi olubonayo, oko kukuthi, umbono , ukuya engqondweni.

3. I-Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)

Le mithambo-luvo ikunceda ukuhambisa amehlo akho, ukuphakamisa amehlo akho, nokwandisa umfundi ngokwendlela akhanya ngayo .

4. I-Trochlear Never (CN IV)

Le mithambo-luvo ikunceda ujonge ezantsi, ujike impumlo yakho iye kwelinye icala, okanye ujike impumlo yakho iye kwelinye icala .

5. I-Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

Le yimithambo-luvo ebaluleke kakhulu. Yiyo ekunika imvakalelo (ukuchukumisa, intlungu) emehlweni akho, phantse ebusweni bakho, nangaphakathi emlonyeni wakho . Ayipheleli apho, kodwa le mithambo-luvo ikwanceda ekuhlafuneni ukutya kwakho .

6. Ukunciphisa iNerve (CN VI)

Le mithambo-luvo ikunceda ukuba uhambise amehlo akho ngasekhohlo nasekunene .

7. I-Facial Never (I-Facial Never - CN VII)

Ilawula izihlunu ezahlukeneyo ezilawula imbonakalo yobuso, njengaxa uncuma okanye ufinge iintshiya. Ikwayimithambo-luvo ekuvumela ukuba ungcamle inxalenye yolwimi lwakho .

8. INerve yeVestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

Oku kukunceda ukuba uve izinto kwaye ugcine umzimba wakho ulungelelene .

9. I-Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Inoxanduva lokufumana incasa kwenye indawo yolwimi lwakho, kunye nokulawula ukuginya ukutya . Ukongeza, ine-parasympathetic nerve fibers elawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, kwaye ibandakanyeka ekuvelisweni kwamathe.

10. I-Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Le yimithambo-luvo ebaluleke kakhulu. Ilawula iinkqubo ezininzi ezizenzekelayo emzimbeni wakho, ezinje ngokugaya ukutya, uxinzelelo lwegazi, isantya sentliziyo, ukuphefumla, imood, kunye nokuveliswa kwamathe . Yimithambo-luvo ephambili kwinkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ye-parasympathetic .

11. I-Accessory Nerve (I-Accessory Nerve / I-Spinal Accessory Nerve - CN XI)

Le mithambo-luvo inceda ekulawuleni iintshukumo zamagxa akho nentamo .

12. I-Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

Ilawula iintshukumo zolwimi lwakho , nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu xa uthetha, utya, kwaye uginya.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezichaphazela le mithambo-luvo yentloko?

Ukuba enye yezi mithambo-luvo zentloko yonakele ngandlela thile, ayizukusebenza kakuhle. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki ezithile zokunyakaza okanye zokuva kuxhomekeke kumsebenzi waloo mithambo-luvo. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwale mithambo-luvo. Umzekelo:

• Ukulimala entloko`(Ukulimala Entloko / Ukulimala Engqondweni Okubuhlungu)`. Khawuthelekelele, njengokubetheka entloko yakho kwingozi.
• Izifo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo okanye yobuchopho , umzekelo, izifo ezifana ne-neuropathy kunye ne-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
• Ukucinezelwa komthambo yimithambo yegazi, iithumba, okanye ukudumba kufutshane nomthambo.
• Iingxaki zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi , umzekelo, isifo semithambo yegazi emincinci (isifo semithambo yegazi emincinci), isifo sohlangothi.
• Ukudumba okubangelwa zizifo ezithile , umzekelo, iHerpes Zoster Virus (le yintsholongwane efanayo ebangela izifo ezifana ne-masisi kunye ne-chickenpox, kwaye ibangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-shingles).
• Iimeko zokuzikhusela komzimba zizifo apho amajoni omzimba ahlasela khona umzimba. Umzekelo, i-scleroderma, i-Sjögren's syndrome.
• Ukulimala ngengozi ngexesha lotyando lobuchopho, lobuso, okanye lwamazinyo.

Zithini iiCranial Nerve Palsies?

Xa kukho ingxaki ngemithambo-luvo yentloko elawula intshukumo, oogqirha bayibiza ngokuba yi-"palsy." Igama elithi "Palsy" lithetha into efana "nokungakhuli kakuhle" okanye "ukulahlekelwa bubomi." Oku kubangela ubuthathaka bemisipha kunye neengxaki zokunyakaza.

Nazi ezinye zemizekelo yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo-luvo yentloko:

• I-Third Nerve Palsy / Oculomotor Palsy: Kule meko, elinye lamehlo akho lidla ngokubonakala ngathi lijonge ezantsi nangaphandle.
• I-Fourth Nerve Palsy / Trochlear Nerve Palsy: Oku kudla ngokubangela ukubona kabini ngokuthe nkqo, kunye nobunzima bokujonga ezantsi.
• I-Sixth Nerve Palsy / Abducens Nerve Palsy: Kule meko, amehlo asenokungahambelani (Strabismus) kwaye umbono ophindwe kabini unokwenzeka.
• I-Bell's Palsy: Le yimeko echaphazela imithambo-luvo yakho yobuso. Oku kukwayingxaki yemithambo-luvo yobuso. Ngokwesiqhelo, elinye icala lobuso liphelelwa ngamandla okwethutyana kwaye liwe.

Ziziphi ezinye iimeko ezinokuchaphazela ezi mithambo-luvo?

Esinye isifo esithile semithambo-luvo yentloko yi- trigeminal neuralgia . Oku kubonakala ngeziganeko zentlungu enzima nenganyamezelekiyo ebusweni. Le ntlungu inokuba nzima kangangokuba kunokuba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa i-trigeminal nerve icinezelwe ngumthambo wegazi.

Ezinye ii-cranial nerves, ezifana ne-optic nerve yakho kunye ne-vagus nerve, zinokuba neengxaki ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, izifo ezichaphazela i-optic nerve ziquka i-glaucoma kunye ne-optic neuritis.(Ukudumba kwe-optic nerve). Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-vagus nerve kunokubangela iimeko ezifana ne -gastroparesis (ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemisipha yesisu) kunye ne-vasovagal syncope (ukuquleka ngequbuliso).

Yintoni esifanele siyenze ukuze sigcine imithambo-luvo yethu yentloko iphilile?

Enyanisweni, ezinye izifo zemithambo-luvo yentloko azinakuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukugcina ingqondo yakho, imithambo-luvo yentloko, kunye nenkqubo yonke yemithambo-luvo isempilweni:

• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo. Faka iziqhamo, imifuno, iimbotyi kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo ekutyeni kwakho.
• Zilolonge rhoqo.
• Gcina uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lukwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.
• Ukuba unezifo ezinokonakalisa imithambo-luvo yakho, ezifana nesifo seswekile, zilawule kakuhle.
• Ukuba usela utywala, nciphisa.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka.

Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndidibane nogqirha ngazo?

Iimpawu zomonakalo okanye isifo semithambo-luvo yentloko ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimithambo-luvo echaphazelekileyo. Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso.
• Intlungu yobuso okanye ukungaziva.
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha okanye ukuphelelwa ngamandla.
• Ukungabi nangqondo naphi na emzimbeni.
• Iingxaki zokubona.
• Iingxaki ngencasa okanye ivumba.
• I-Dysarthria yintetho engacacanga.
• Ubunzima bokuhlafuna okanye ukuginya ukutya (i-Dysphagia).

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba ezi mithambo-luvo zentloko zibaluleke kangakanani kuthi. Asinakuliva ihlabathi elisingqongileyo - ukubona, ukuva, ukuvumba, ukungcamla izinto - ngaphandle kwezi mithambo-luvo. Zikwabalulekile ekushukumiseni amehlo ethu, ulwimi, umlomo, kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zobuso bethu.

Ixesha elininzi, asicingi kakhulu ngezi mithambo-luvo de kubekho into engalunganga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ngequbuliso ubona utshintsho kwiimvakalelo zakho, okanye ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezinxulumene nokusebenza kobuso bakho, oko kusenokuba kungenxa yengxaki kwenye yemithambo-luvo yentloko. Ukuba kunjalo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Uya kukwazi ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki. Ungakhathazeki, zihlala zikhona iindlela zonyango zoku.

Imithambo - luvo yentloko, Imithambo-luvo yobuchopho, Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, Imithambo-luvo yobuso, Imithambo-luvo yoluvo, Imithambo-luvo yokunyakaza