Masifunde nje nge-Anterior Pituitary Gland (Adenohypophysis): irula encinci engqondweni yethu!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ingakanani imisebenzi eyenziwa yinxalenye encinci yomzimba wethu? Enye indawo emangalisayo yi-anterior pituitary gland esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje. Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yi-"Adenohypophysis". Njengomqhubi we-orchestra, le gland inoxanduva lokuvelisa nokukhupha iihomoni ezilawula imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo yomzimba.

Ngoko ke, yintoni le gland ye-pituitary yangaphambili?

Ngamafutshane, le yinxalenye engaphambili ye-pituitary gland yakho. I-pituitary gland yi-gland encinci enobukhulu obufana ne-pea, ekwisiseko sobuchopho bakho, ngaphantsi nje kwe-hypothalamus. Le yinxalenye yenkqubo yakho ye-endocrine. Oko kukuthi, inxalenye elawula ukusebenza kwee-gland ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni.

Khawuthelekelele ukuba i-pituitary gland yakho inamacandelo amabini: i-anterior lobe (leyo yi-anterior pituitary gland esithetha ngayo namhlanje) kunye ne-posterior lobe. Le anterior lobe yiyo eyenza malunga nee-hormone ezintandathu (6) kwaye izikhuphe emzimbeni. Ezi hormones zezona zinto zibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu:

• Ukukhula (siyakhula)
• I-Metabolism (ukuveliswa kwamandla emzimbeni, ukutshisa izinto)
• Ukuzala (ukukwazi ukuba nabantwana)
• Ukuphendula kuxinzelelo
• Ukuncancisa (koomama)

Izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ziyalawulwa. Nangona emncinci, ungumntu oxakekileyo nonamandla!

Ngoko ke, zeziphi iihomoni ezithile ezenziwa yi-anterior pituitary gland?

Kukho iihomoni ezintandathu eziphambili ezenza le nkosi incinci. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni kwaye zenzani.

1. I-Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Yile nto ivuselela amadlala akho e-adrenal ukuba avelise i-cortisol, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"stress hormone," kunye nezinye iihomoni. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ngamaxesha kaxakeka, njengaxa usoyika.

2. I-Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Kumadoda, ivuselela amasende ukuba avelise isidoda. Kubafazi, ivuselela ama-ovari ukuba akhule amaqanda, iwalungiselele i-ovulation, kwaye ivelise i-hormone ye-estrogen.

3. I-Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Ukuba ungumfazi, i-LH ivuselela ama-ovari ukuba avelise i-progesterone. Ukuba uyindoda, ivuselela ukuveliswa kwe-testosterone.

4. IHormone Yokukhula Komntu (HGH): Oku kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwabantwana abancinci. Kubanceda bakhule babe bade kwaye baphuhlise umzimba onezihlunu. Kwabantu abadala, kunceda ekugcineni izihlunu namathambo asempilweni, kwaye kunefuthe kwindlela egcinwa ngayo amafutha emzimbeni.

5. Iprolactin:Le hormone ivuselela ukuveliswa kobisi emva kokuba umama ebelethe umntwana. Ingachaphazela nomjikelo wokuya exesheni, ukuzala (amandla okuba nabantwana), kunye nokusebenza ngokwesondo.

6. I-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Yile nto ixelela i-thyroid gland yakho ukuba yenze kwaye ikhuphe ii-hormone zayo. Ii-thyroid hormones zibalulekile ekugcineni izinga le-metabolism emzimbeni wethu.

Uyabona, zingaphi imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enokwenziwa kule ndawo incinci!

I-anterior pituitary gland isebenza njani nezinye izitho zomzimba?

I-anterior pituitary gland yakho iqhagamshelwe ngqo kwinxalenye yobuchopho bakho ebizwa ngokuba yi-hypothalamus. I-hypothalamus ikhupha "ii-hormones ezikhululayo" kunye "ne-inhibiting hormones" ezifana ne-somatostatin kunye ne-dopamine egazini nge-pituitary duct (inxalenye encinci efana netyhubhu edibanisa ingqondo kunye ne-pituitary gland). Ezi hormones zikhuphayo zivuselela okanye zithintele ukuveliswa kwee-hormones yi-anterior pituitary gland. I-hypothalamus kunye ne-anterior pituitary gland zifana nabantu ababini abathetha rhoqo kwaye betshintshiselana ngolwazi.

Emva kokuba iihomoni zikhutshiwe kwi-anterior pituitary gland, ziyasebenzisana kwaye zichaphazela amanye amalungu amaninzi, amadlala, kunye nezicubu emzimbeni wethu. Umzekelo:

• Amathambo ethu, izihlunu, kunye nezinye izitho zangaphakathi
• Ii-Adrenal Glands
• Indlala yegilo
• Amaqanda kunye namasende (oko kukuthi, amadlala okuzala)
• Ii-mammary glands (ii-glands ezivelisa ubisi)

Iphi kanye kanye le gland ye-anterior pituitary?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-pituitary gland yakho ikwisiseko sobuchopho bakho, emva kwebhulorho yempumlo yakho, ngaphantsi nje kwe-"Hypothalamus." Ikwigumbi elincinci, okanye ingxowa, kwithambo elisekhayeni lakho elibizwa ngokuba yi-sphenoid bone. Oogqirha bayibiza le nto ngokuthi "Sella Turcica."

I-pituitary gland yakho inee-lobes ezimbini ezidityanisiweyo. I-anterior pituitary gland ikwindawo engaphambili, ijonge ngaphambili kwentloko yakho. I-posterior pituitary gland ikwindawo engasemva. Kodwa ngokumangalisayo, i-anterior pituitary gland inkulu kuneyangasemva. Malunga ne-80% yobunzima be-pituitary gland yonke ikule ndawo ingaphambili.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka kwi-anterior pituitary gland?

Ngenxa yokuba le gland ivelisa iihomoni ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, naziphi na iingxaki ngayo zingakhokelela kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo. Ezi ngxaki ngokubanzi zingahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini:

1. I-Hypopituitarism: Oku kuthetha ukuba i-pituitary gland ivelisa iihomoni ezimbalwa kunokuba kuyimfuneko.

2. I-Hyperpituitarism:Oko kuthetha ukuba i-pituitary gland ivelisa iihomoni ezingaphezulu kunokuba kuyimfuneko.

Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zokuba ezi meko zimbini zenzeka rhoqo:

• Iithumba ze-pituitary gland (adenomas): Ezi zihlala zingabi zizifo ezingengomhlaza (ezingenobungozi).
• Ukonakala kwi-anterior pituitary gland, kwi-hypothalamus, okanye kwi-pituitary duct: Oku kungenzeka ngenxa yengozi, usulelo, okanye ukopha (umz., i-pituitary apoplexy).
• Iimeko zofuzo: Umzekelo, iimeko ezifana ne-`(Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia - MEN)`.

Ezinye iimeko ezibangelwa yi-'Hypopituitarism' (ukungabikho kwe-hormone):

Ukungabikho kwehomoni enye okanye ngaphezulu kunokubangela iingxaki ezifana nalezi:

• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-adrenal yesibini: Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-adrenal gland ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-ACTH hormone.
• Ukunqongophala kweHormone yoKhula (GHD): Amanqanaba aphantsi ehomoni yeHGH. Ngamafutshane, ukukhula kunokudodobala.
• I-Central hypogonadism: Ukwehla kwemveliso yeehomoni zesini ezivela kwiindlala zokuzala (amaqanda okanye amasende) ngenxa yokwehla kwamanqanaba e-FSH kunye/okanye i-LH.
• I-Central hypothyroidism: I-Hypothyroidism ebangelwa kukuncipha kwe-hormone ye-TSH.

Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yi-'Hyperpituitarism' (ukwanda kwamanqanaba eehomoni):

Ukwanda kwe-hormone enye okanye ngaphezulu kunokubangela iingxaki ezifana nezi:

• I-Acromegaly: Yimeko engaqhelekanga ebangelwa kukugqithisa kwe-HGH kubantu abadala. Kule meko, amathambo kunye nezicubu zikhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
• I-Gigantism: Umntwana omde ngokungaqhelekanga okanye umntu omdala osemtsha ofumana amanqanaba aphezulu e-hormone ye-HGH. Oku kunqabile kakhulu.
• Isifo sikaCushing: Ukuveliswa kakhulu kwehomoni i-ACTH kubangela ukuba amadlala e-adrenal avelise i-cortisol egqithisileyo. Olu luhlobo lwemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-Cushing's syndrome.
• I-Hyperprolactinemia: Ukuveliswa kakhulu kwehomoni i-prolactin.
• I-Central hyperthyroidism: I-thyroid gland esebenza kakhulu ngenxa yokuveliswa kwe-TSH ngokugqithisileyo. Le yimbangela engaqhelekanga ye-hyperthyroidism.

Masifunde kancinci nge-Pituitary Adenomas.

I-pituitary adenoma sisimila esikhula kwi-pituitary gland yakho. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, uninzi lwexesha ezi zizimila ezikhula kancinci, ezingenamhlaza (ezingengomhlaza).

Nangona kunjalo, ezi adenomas zinokuxinana neeseli zepituitary eziqhelekileyo kwaye zithintele ukusebenza kakuhle. Oku kunokubangela "i-Hypopituitarism" (ukuveliswa kweehomoni eziphantsi), ingakumbi ukuba ithumba likhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi tumors zinokuvelisa iihomoni ezingaphezulu, ezinokubangela "i-Hyperpituitarism" (ukuveliswa kweehomoni eziphezulu).

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-adenomas ze-anterior pituitary ezivelisa iihomoni (ezisebenzayo):

• I-Prolactinoma: Ivelisa i-hormone ye-prolactin eninzi. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-pituitary adenoma.
• I-Somatotroph adenoma: Ivelisa i-hormone yokukhula (GH) eninzi kakhulu.
• I-Corticotroph adenoma: Ivelisa i-ACTH hormone engaphezulu.
• I-Thyrotroph adenoma: Ivelisa i-TSH hormone eninzi kakhulu.
• I-Gonadotroph adenoma: Ivelisa iihomoni ze-LH kunye ne-FSH ezingaphezulu.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimvavanyo ezinokujonga ukuba i-anterior pituitary gland yam iphilile na?

Ewe, ukuba uneempawu zengxaki kwi-anterior pituitary gland, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela ukuba kuhlolwe amanqanaba eehomoni. Ezi zihlala zivavanyo zegazi .

Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi zibonisa into engaqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa into efana ne-MRI scan ukuze ajonge i-pituitary gland yakho.

Ngoko ke, yintoni esinokuyenza ukugcina le gland ye-pituitary yangaphambili isempilweni?

Inyaniso kukuba, awunakusoloko uthintela ezi ngxaki ze-pituitary gland. Kodwa into ebalulekileyo onokuyenza kukunyamekela intloko yakho. Ukulimala entloko, ingakumbi ukwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu (ii-TBI), kunokonakalisa i-pituitary gland yakho. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, inokuvelisa iihomoni ezininzi okanye ezimbalwa kakhulu.

Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuthintela ukwenzakala entloko nasengqondweni:

• Soloko unxibe ibhanti xa ukhwela imoto.
• Qhuba ngononophelo.
• Nxiba isigcina-ntloko xa ukhwela ibhayisekile, ibhayisekile, okanye udlala imidlalo echaphazela kakhulu.
• Thatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukuwa, ingakumbi ukuba usengozini enkulu yokuwa. Ungenza izinto ezifana nokususa imiqobo ekhayeni lakho, usebenzise isixhobo sokuncedisa ukuhamba, kwaye ugcine amehlo akho ecacile.
• Ukuba unabantwana abancinci, gcina iindawo zabo zokudlala zikhuselekile.

Khumbula: I-anterior pituitary gland yakho sisitho esincinci, kodwa esinamandla, nesibalulekileyo esivelisa iihomoni ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela iinkalo ezininzi zempilo yethu.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ngoko ke, ungayibona indlela ebaluleke ngayo le anterior pituitary gland emizimbeni yethu. Ngenxa yoko, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukufumanisa ukuba iimpawu ezithile zibangelwa yingxaki yale anterior pituitary gland okanye enye into.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha ezingaqhelekanga, okanye ukuba ukhathazekile ngempawu osele unayo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha uze uthethe ngayo.Bangenza uvavanyo olulula olumbalwa ukujonga impilo yakho. Ukuba kukho ingxaki, inokuchongwa ize inyangwe ngokukhawuleza.

I- pituitary yangaphambili, i-adenohypophysis, iihomoni, i-pituitary gland, ubuchopho, inkqubo ye-endocrine, izifo ze-pituitary