Usana olulingana nolwakho kwindlu ekufutshane luqalile ukuhamba. Kodwa umntwana wakho usakhasa nje. Ngamaxesha anjalo, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba umama okanye utata azive esoyika kwaye ekhathazekile. "Ingaba kukho into engalunganga ngomntwana wam?", "Kutheni engenzi oku okwangoku?" Umele ukuba nawe uzibuze, akunjalo? Yinyani, ayingabo bonke abantwana abafanayo, kwaye bakhula ngesantya esahlukileyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka sikhathazeke kancinci ngale miba yokulibaziseka. Yiyo loo nto sithetha ngayo namhlanje, ukuze sifumane iimpendulo kuyo yonke imibuzo onayo engqondweni.
Kalula nje, yintoni le nto yokulibaziseka kophuhliso?
Ukuze siqonde oku, masiqale sijonge ukuba zeziphi "iziganeko zophuhliso". Ezi ziganeko zizinto ezintsha umntwana azifundayo njengoko ekhula. Cinga ngezinto ezifana nokuncuma kokuqala komntwana wakho kuwe, ukujika intamo yakhe, ukuqengqeleka, ukuguqa ngamadolo, ukuma, ukuhamba, ukubiza amagama okuqala athi "mama" kunye "tata," kunye nokushukumisa izandla zakhe. Zonke ezi ziziganeko zophuhliso.
Ngokwesiqhelo kukho uluhlu oluthile lweminyaka yokuba abantwana bafikelele kwinqanaba ngalinye kwezi ziganeko. Kodwa lo asingomthetho omiselweyo. Abanye abantwana bahamba kwangethuba kancinci, abanye bahamba emva kwexeshana. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo.
Nangona kunjalo, simbiza umntwana ngokubambezeleka kokukhula xa ehlala efika emva kwexesha kwelinye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zigaba zibalulekileyo kwiminyaka ethile . Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba umntwana wakho usemva kakhulu kwezinye izakhono xa ethelekiswa nabanye abantwana abaneminyaka efanayo, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kuloo nto.
Khumbula, ukuba umntwana wakho ufika emva kwexesha ekwenzeni into enye akuthethi ukuba kukulibaziseka kokukhula kwakhe. Kodwa ukuba unamathandabuzo, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho.
Zeziphi iindlela eziphambili ezinokwenzeka ngazo ezi ngxaki zokulibaziseka?
Ukukhula komntwana akuyonkqubo ecala-nye. Yinkqubo enamacala amaninzi. Ke ngoko, kukho iindawo ezininzi eziphambili apho ukulibaziseka kunokwenzeka khona. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na.
| Uhlobo lokulibaziseka | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Izakhono zokuqonda | Oku kubhekisa kubuchule bomntwana bokucinga, ukufunda, ukuqonda, nokusombulula iingxaki. Umntwana obambezeleka kule ndawo unokuba nobunzima bokulandela imiyalelo elula okanye ukusombulula iingxaki ngamathoyizi (umz., ukubeka imo echanekileyo kwindawo efanelekileyo). |
| Izakhono zentlalo nezeemvakalelo | Oku kuquka indlela abasebenzisana ngayo nabanye, indlela abavakalisa ngayo iimvakalelo zabo, kunye nendlela abathetha ngayo ngeemfuno zabo. Umntwana onengxaki yokulibaziseka kule ndawo unokuba nobunzima bokuqonda imbonakalo yobuso, ukudlala nabanye abantwana, kwaye unokucaphuka ngequbuliso xa kukho utshintsho kwindlela yakhe yesiqhelo yokusebenza. |
| Izakhono zoThetha noLwimi | Oku yinto abazali abayiqaphela ngokukhawuleza. Kubandakanya ukuqonda ulwimi nokusebenzisa amagama ukunxibelelana. Kubandakanya ukulibaziseka ekuthetheni, intetho engacacanga, kunye nobunzima bokuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye. |
| Izakhono Ezilungileyo Nezopheleleyo Zeemoto | Oku kwahlulwe kabini. Izakhono zeMoto eziGross zizinto ezisebenzisa izihlunu ezinkulu zomzimba (ukuqengqeleka, ukuhlala, ukuhamba, ukubaleka). Izakhono zeMoto eziFine zizinto ezisebenzisa izihlunu ezincinci njengeminwe (ukubamba ithoyi, ukuzoba ngepensile, ukutya). Ungabona ukulibaziseka kwenye okanye zombini ezi zinto. |
Yintoni ukuLibaziseka koPhuhliso lweHlabathi?
Ngamanye amaxesha umntwana unokulibaziseka kwenye yezi ndawo zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Umzekelo, umntwana okwaziyo ukubaleka nokutsiba nokudlala unokuba ulibaziseka kuphela ekuthetheni.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana ubonisa ukulibaziseka okukhulu kwiindawo ezimbini okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zingasentla, oogqirha bayibiza le meko ngokuthi yi-Global Developmental Delay .
Oku kwahluke njani kwi-autism?
Lo ngumbuzo abazali abaninzi abanawo. Kukho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwezi meko zimbini.
- Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso: Oku kwenzeka xa umntwana ecotha ukufunda izakhono ezithile kunontanga yakhe. Nangona kunjalo,Ngokungenelela kwangoko kunye nenkxaso efunekayo, abantwana abaninzi banokufikelela kwabanye. Oku kuthetha ukuba le yimeko enokoyiswa ngokuhamba kwexesha nangonyango olufanelekileyo.
- Ingxaki ye-Autism Spectrum: Le yimeko yophuhliso lwe-neurodevelopmental ehlala ubomi bonke. Abantwana abane-autism banengxaki yokusebenzisana nokunxibelelana nabanye. Babona ihlabathi ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukwahlula phakathi kwezi meko zimbini ekuqaleni, kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukuthatha inyathelo kwangoko nje wakubona ukuba umntwana wakho unexesha lokulibaziseka, nokuba yintoni na imbangela.
Jonga ukuba umntwana wakho unazo na ezi mpawu.
Iimpawu zokulibaziseka kokukhula ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo echaphazelekileyo. Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo.
- Ukungakwazi ukugoba, ukuhlala phantsi, ukuguqa, okanye ukuhamba ngendlela efanelekileyo ngokweminyaka.
- Ubunzima kwizinto ezifana nokubamba izinto ezincinci nokuzoba ngepensile (izakhono zokusebenzisa imisipha emincinci).
- Kubonakala ngathi kunzima ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye abantu.
- Ukungabi namdla okanye ukungakwazi ukusombulula iingxaki ezilula.
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokujoyina okanye ukudlala nabanye abantwana.
- Intetho ecothayo okanye intetho engacacanga.
- Ubunzima bokukhumbula izinto.
- Ukungakwazi ukuqonda imiphumo yento abayenzayo (umz., ukuwisa into phezulu ize iwe).
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?
Kudla ngokuba nzima ukuqaphela unobangela ochanekileyo wokulibaziseka kophuhliso. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, kuye kwachongwa izinto ezininzi ezinegalelo koku.
1. Izinto ezibangela imfuza: Ezinye iimeko zemfuza zinokubangela ukulibaziseka kokukhula, njenge-Down syndrome okanye i-Fragile X syndrome.
2. Iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokubeletha:
- Ukuvezwa kukamama kwizinto ezinobungozi ezifana notywala neziyobisi ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha.
- Ubunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa.
- Ukungabikho komoya-mpilo kumntwana xa ezalwa.
3. Izizathu zendalo kunye nezinye:
- Ukuvezwa komntwana kwizinto ezinobuthi ezifana nelothe emva kokuzalwa.
- Ukungondleki kakuhle.
- Usulelo lwendlebe oluqhelekileyo (olunokubangela ukulahlekelwa kukuva nokulibaziseka kokuthetha) okanye iingxaki zokubona.
- Ukulimala kwengqondo okanye ukuxhatshazwa okukhulu komntwana.
Ugqirha uyibona njani le nto? (Uvavanyo lophuhliso)
Ungakhumbula ukuba xa usiya kwikliniki yomntwana, ugqirha okanye umbelethisi uhlala enika ingqalelo ekukhuleni komntwana. Oku kubizwa ngokubaIbizwa ngokuba yi-Developmental Screening.
Oku akuyonto ifanele yoyike. Kukujonga ukuba umntwana uzifundile na izakhono ezisisiseko ekufuneka zifundwe kuloo minyaka, okanye ukuba unazo naziphi na iingxaki.
Ugqirha wenza oku:
- Ukukubuza imibuzo: Ukukubuza iinkcukacha malunga nendlela umntwana wakho aziphatha ngayo kunye noko akwenzayo ekhaya.
- Ukudlala nomntwana: Ukunika umntwana izinto zokudlala, ukuthetha naye, nokujonga indlela umntwana afunda, athetha, aziphatha ngayo, nashukuma ngayo.
Oku akufani nekhadi lengxelo. Yindlela nje yokubona ukuba umntwana wakho ukhula kakuhle okanye ufuna inkxaso eyongezelelweyo. Akubandakanyi uvavanyo lwegazi.
Olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu kuba, ukuba kukho ukulibaziseka, okukhona kubonwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kulula ukunceda umntwana. Ukulibaziseka kunokwandisa ubunzima bokufunda komntwana.
Wenza ntoni ukuba ufumanisa ukuba kukho ukulibaziseka?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho unenkxalabo malunga nokukhula komntwana wakho, uza kukuthumela wena nomntwana wakho kwiingcali ezifanelekileyo okanye kwiingcali zonyango. Ezi zingabandakanya:
- Ingcali yoNyango lweNtetho
- Ingcali yoNyango loMsebenzi
- Ingcali yoNyango lomzimba
- Ugqirha ogxile ekuphuhlisweni komntwana (uPhuhliso lwabantwana)
- Ingcali yezifo zengqondo yabantwana
- Ingcali ye-audiologist
Aba bantu baza kumhlola umntwana kakuhle, bafumanise unobangela wokulibaziseka, baze bafumanise ukuba loluphi unyango umntwana aludingayo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ziiNkonzo zoNcedo lwaBasaqalayo .
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Okukhona ufumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo zingcono. Kufana nesityalo esincinci. Ukuba ufaka isichumiso esincinci kwaye unkcenkceshele ekuqaleni, siya kukhula kakuhle. Kunjalo ke.
Singabanceda njani njengabazali abantwana bethu?
Nangona unika umntwana wakho inkxaso ekhethekileyo, zininzi izinto onokuzenza njengomzali ekhaya eziya kunceda kakhulu ekuphuhliseni umntwana wakho.
- Dlala nomntwana wakho: Ukudlala kuphuhlisa zonke izakhono zomntwana. Ukudlala ngezinto ezifana ne-play-dough kuphuhlisa izakhono zomzimba. Ukubaleka nokutsiba ngaphandle kuphuhlisa izakhono zomzimba kunye nezakhono zentlalo.
- Funda iincwadi nomntwana wakho: Okukhona umntwana wakho esiva amagama amaninzi, kokukhona izakhono zakhe zolwimi ziya kukhula ngcono. Yenza umkhwa wokufunda incwadi yamabali amafutshane ngaphambi kokuba alale ebusuku. Mbonise imifanekiso ekwincwadi uze uthethe ngayo.
- Nciphisa Ixesha Lokubukela Isikrini (iTV, ifowuni): Abantwana bafunda ngcono xa bethetha nabanye ubuso ngobuso, kungekhona xa bejonge isikrini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ixesha lomntwana lokubukela isikrini libe ngaphezu kweyure enye ngosuku.
- Misela inkqubo: Nceda umntwana wakho aqhele ukulandela inkqubo ethile. Ukuba wenza ishedyuli enemifanekiso uze uyincamathisele eludongeni, kuya kuba lula kumntwana wakho ukuqonda into ekufuneka ayenze ngokulandelayo.
- Hlala unxibelelana nogqirha kunye nabagqirha bezonyango rhoqo: babuze ukuba umntwana wakho unjani, yintoni enye abanokuyenza ekhaya, kwaye uxoxe nabo ngemibuzo yakho kunye nezinto ezikuxhalabisayo.
Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ulusizi kwaye ukhathazekile xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokukhula. Kodwa ayisosiphelo sehlabathi. Ngenkxaso nonyango olufanelekileyo, umntwana wakho unokuphila ubomi obuphumelelayo nobonwabisayo, njengaye nawuphi na umntwana. Okubaluleke kakhulu luthando lwakho, inkathalo, kunye nenkuthazo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ayingabo bonke abantwana abakhula ngesantya esifanayo. Musa ukukhathazeka ngokuthelekisa umntwana wakho nabanye abantwana.
- Ukuba uneengxaki malunga nokukhula komntwana wakho, musa ukuzigcina kuwe, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo thetha nogqirha wakho.
- Ukulibaziseka kokukhula akusisifo. Luphawu nje lokuba umntwana udinga uncedo olongezelelekileyo lokufunda izinto ezithile.
- Okukhona ingxaki ibonwa kwaye ilungiswa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziba ngcono. Ngoko ke musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango.
- Njengomzali, uthando lwakho, umonde, kunye nenkxaso yakho zibalulekile ekukhuleni komntwana wakho.
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