Masifunde "ngemithambo-luvo yethu yokukhanya" esinceda sibone ihlabathi ngamehlo ethu.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba sibona njani izinto ezintle kweli hlabathi? Amehlo ethu afana neekhamera ezimbini ezimangalisayo. Kodwa akukho mntu unokuthatha umfanekiso othathwe yiloo khamera aze axelele ingqondo ukuba, "Yile nto uyibonileyo." Loo msebenzi ubalulekileyo wenziwa yi-optic nerve yethu, oko kukuthi, i-`(Optic Nerve)`. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale optic nerve imangalisayo.

Yintoni i-Optic Nerve? Ngamafutshane...

Khawuthelekelele ukuba iliso lakho likhamera ekumgangatho ophezulu. Inxalenye engasemva kwale khamera, ebizwa ngokuba yi-retina, ibona ukukhanya ize ikuguqule kube ziimpawu zombane. Ngoku, ezi mpawu zombane kufuneka zithunyelwe "kwikhompyutha" esebuchotsheni. Intambo ekhethekileyo esetyenziselwa oku ibizwa ngokuba yi-optic nerve .

Le mithambo-luvo yenziwe zizigidi zee-nerve fibers ezintle kakhulu. Enyanisweni, ezi mithambo-luvo zezona zithwala imiyalezo engqondweni malunga nayo yonke into oyibonayo, njengemifanekiso, imibala, kunye neemilo. Ekubeni sinamehlo amabini, sikwanazo nee-optic nerves ezimbini, enye yeliso lasekunene kunye nenye yeliso lasekhohlo. Ezi zifana neendlela "zendlela enye" ​​ezithwala imiyalezo kwicala elinye kuphela. Oko kukuthi, imiqondiso isuka kwiliso iye engqondweni kuphela. Ukongeza ekuthwaleni olu lwazi lokubona, ezi mithambo-luvo zikwanegalelo kweminye imisebenzi emininzi emincinci.

Ubusazi na ukuba kukho iiperi ezili-12 zemithambo-luvo ngaphakathi entlokweni yethu ezidibene ngqo nobuchopho? Ezi sizibiza ngokuba yimithambo-luvo ye-cranial `(Cranial nerve)`. Kula, i-optic nerve yimithambo-luvo yesibini ye-cranial . Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(Cranial Nerve II)` okanye `(CN II)`. Le ikhethekile phakathi kwezinye iimithambo-luvo ze-cranial. Uyazi ntoni? I-optic nerve kuphela eyinxalenye ye-`(Central Nervous System - CNS)` yethu. Inkqubo ye-central nervous ibandakanya ingqondo, i-spinal cord, kunye nale mithambo-luvo ye-optic. Eminye imithambo-luvo ye-cranial eli-11 iphantsi kwe-`(Peripheral Nervous System - PNS)`.

Iphi i-optic nerve? Ihamba njani iye engqondweni?

Sithe umthambo wokubona ubaleka ukusuka ngasemva kweliso ngalinye ukuya ebuchotsheni. Olu hambo luyinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Makhe sijonge indlela eyakheka ngayo loo ndlela:

1. Umjelo wokubona: Lo ngumngxuma wamathambo osetyenziswa yi-optic nerve ukungena ekhayeni kwaye uqhagamshelane nengqondo. Ufana nomngxuma omncinci.

2. I-Optic chiasm: Le yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu ekudibaneni koonobumba u-"Y". Kulapho ke kudibana khona imicu yemithambo-luvo evela emehlweni amabini. Into emangalisayo kukuba, apha ezinye imicu yemithambo-luvo evela emehlweni amabini ziyatshintshana. Oko kukuthi, ezinye imicu ezivela kwiliso lasekunene ziya ngasekhohlo, kwaye ezinye imicu ezivela kwiliso lasekhohlo ziya ngasekunene. Khawuthelekelele iindlela ezimbini zidibana, kwaye ezinye iimoto zihamba ngokuthe tye, kwaye ezinye zijika ngenye indlela. Olu tshintsho lubaluleke kakhulu. Kuba, yile nto ivumela ingqondo ukuba idibanise imifanekiso evela emehlweni omabini ize isibonise umfanekiso omnye, ocacileyo. Ngaphandle koko, besiya kubona yonke into kubini!

3. Ingqondo:Emva kokudibana kwi-optic chiasm, ezi ntambo zemithambo-luvo zingena ebuchotsheni. Ziya ngqo kwi-visual cortex kwi-occipital lobe ngasemva kwengqondo. Kulapho "sicubungula" khona oko sikubonayo, oko kukuthi, sikuqonde.

Ngale ndlela, endleleni eya kwi-visual cortex, inani elincinci kakhulu lee-nerve fibers nazo ziyahlukana ziye kwezinye iindlela. Ezi aziyi kwi-visual cortex. Endaweni yoko, zinceda kweminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu.

Zithini ezinye imisebenzi ye-optic nerve?

Ngaphandle kokusinceda kakhulu sibone, ezo ntambo zincinci zemithambo-luvo eziphuma kwi-optic nerve zisivumela ukuba senze ezinye izinto.

• Ukukhanya komfundi: Usenokuba uqaphele ukuba xa ubonakala ngequbuliso ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo, i-pupil (isangqa esincinci esiphakathi kwendandatho emnyama yeliso) iyancipha. Xa ubuyela ebumnyameni, iyanda. Oku kwenzelwa ukulawula ukuba bungakanani ukukhanya okungena elisweni. Ngenxa yokuba oku kufuneka kwenzeke ngokukhawuleza, imicu yemithambo-luvo ebandakanyekayo kule nkqubo yahlulwe ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kwi-cortex ebonakalayo.
• I-Accommodation reflex: Imo yelensi engaphakathi kweliso iyatshintsha xa ujonga into ekufutshane nawe okanye into ekude. Izihlunu zomzimba we-ciliary ziyanceda koku. Ezi zihlunu zivuselelwa ziimpawu ezivela kwi-optic nerve. Yiyo le nto ivumela iliso ukuba ligxile nakweyiphi na indawo.
• Isingqisho se-Circadian: Le "yiwotshi yebhayoloji" yomzimba wethu. Le wotshi ilawula izinto ezininzi, kuquka umjikelo wethu wokulala nokuvuka, uxinzelelo lwegazi, ubushushu bomzimba, kunye namanqanaba eswekile egazini. Ezinye iifayibha eziphuma kwi-optic nerve zixelela ubuchopho ngokukhanya ezikubonayo. Iingqondo zabantu abaninzi zisebenzisa olu lwazi ukuqonda imini nobusuku kunye nokugcina esi singqisho se-circadian.

Cinga nje, i-optic nerve ayisiyo "ntambo" nje ethwala oko sikubonayo ukuya engqondweni, kodwa ibandakanyeka kweminye imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu.

Ziziphi izifo kunye neemeko ezichaphazela i-optic nerve?

Ngelishwa, ezinye izifo zingonakalisa le mithambo-luvo ixabisekileyo ye-optic. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, umbono wethu usenokuphazamiseka, okanye uphelelwe lithemba ngokupheleleyo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezi meko:

• I-Glaucoma: Le yimeko apho ulwelo luqokelelana ngaphakathi kweliso kwaye uxinzelelo luyanda. Olu xinzelelo lunokonakalisa umthambo we-optic. Idla ngokungabonisi zimpawu ekuqaleni, ngoko ke kufuneka uqaphele.
• I-Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: Oku kwenzeka xa imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi kwi-optic nerve ivalekile. Oku kunokubangela ukulahleka kokubona ngequbuliso.
• Iingxaki zokuzalwa: Ezi ziinguqu ekuphuhlisweni kwemithambo-luvo eyenzeka ekuzalweni.
• Ukuwohloka kwamehlo:Kanye njengokuba isityalo sifa ngaphandle kwamanzi, xa umthambo wokubona ungenalo igazi elaneleyo ixesha elide, umthambo unokuncipha uze ungasebenzi kakuhle.
• I-optic nerve coloboma: Le yimeko yelifa echaphazela uphuhliso lwe-optic nerve. Ingachaphazela iliso elinye okanye omabini.
• I-optic nerve drusen: Ezi zii-deposits ezincinci ezenziwe ziiproteni, i-calcium, kunye nee-fatty compounds. Zinokuqokelelana ngasemva kweliso, kufutshane ne-optic nerve.
• Iiglioma zemithambo-luvo ye-optic: Iiglioma ziithumba ezinokukhula kwimithambo-luvo ye-optic. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwexesha, azinawo umhlaza.
• I-optic nerve meningiomas: Ezi zi-tumor ezikhula kancinci, ezingezizo ezomhlaza, kodwa azinakubangela ukulahleka okukhulu kokubona.
• I-Optic neuritis: I-optic nerve inokuvuvukala kwaye ivuvuke ngenxa yezifo ezithile okanye izifo ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis (MS).
• I-Papilledema: Xa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwengqondo lusanda ngenxa yeemeko ezifana nomhlaza wobuchopho, ukwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu, okanye i-meningitis, i-optic nerve inokuvuvukala.
• I-Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD): Oku kwenzeka xa inkqubo yethu yomzimba ihlasela ngempazamo i-optic nerve kunye ne-spinal cord.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeengxaki zemithambo-luvo yamehlo?

Xa kukho ingxaki nge-optic nerve, inokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeke kwimeko engaphantsi. Ezinye zezi mpawu zisenokuba zezexeshana, ngelixa ezinye zinokuba zezokuhlala ixesha elide. Nazi ezinye zezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo:

• Amabala amnyama (iiScotomas) embonweni.
• Umbono ofipheleyo.
• Ukungaboni imibala kukungakwazi ukwahlula imibala.
• Ukubona izinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye (Diplopia).
• Intlungu okanye ukungakhululeki emehlweni.
• Ukudumba kwamehlo.
• I-Photopsias (ukubona izibane phambi kwamehlo).
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ubumfama basebusuku (iNyctalopia), oko kuthetha ukungakwazi ukubona ebusuku.
• Ukulahlekelwa yimbono engaphelelanga (ukubona okuphantsi) okanye ukulahlekelwa yimbono ngokupheleleyo.
• Ukuncipha kombono ojikelezayo.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso.
• Iziphene zentsimi yokubona, oko kuthetha ukuba awukwazi ukubona iindawo ezithile zoluhlu olupheleleyo lokubona.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Singazikhusela njani ii-optic nerves zethu?

Zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukukhusela amehlo ethu kunye nemithambo-luvo yethu. Ukulandela ezi zinto kunokukunceda ugcine umbono olungileyo ixesha elide.

• Fumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo: Nokuba awudingi ziglasi, bonana nogqirha wamehlo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka ukuze uhlolwe amehlo akho. Iingxaki ezininzi zemithambo-luvo yamehlo kulula ukuzinyanga ukuba zifunyenwe kwangethuba.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Ukutyeba kakhulu kunokukhokelela kwizifo ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ezikwayingozi kwimithambo-luvo yamehlo.
• Fumana izondlo ezifunekayo kwimithambo-luvo yakho: Iivithamini B1, B6, B12, kunye nekopolo zibalulekile kwimithambo-luvo esempilweni. Kubalulekile ukutya ukutya okunesondlo.
• Lawula izifo ezichaphazela ukujikeleza kwegazi, impilo yengqondo, umbono, kunye nemithambo-luvo: Ukuba unezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, zilawule kakuhle.
• Ziphephe iimveliso zecuba: Akupheleli nje ekutshayeni (iicuba, ii-beedis), kodwa necuba elingenamsi (icuba lokuhlafuna, icuba lokuhlafuna) kunye ne-"(vaping)" eziyingozi emehlweni nakwimithambo-luvo yokukhanya. Ukuba uyayisebenzisa, yiyeke, okanye ukuba sele uyiqalile, ungaqalisi.
• Khusela intloko namehlo akho: Nxiba ibhanti yesihlalo xa ukhwela imoto. Nxiba isigcina-ntloko kunye neeglasi zokhuseleko xa udlala imidlalo okanye usebenza ngoomatshini.
• Khusela amehlo akho ekonzakaleni: Nxiba iiglasi zelanga xa uphandle elangeni. Oku kunokunciphisa impembelelo emehlweni akho.

Sifanele siye kugqirha nini?

Ukuba ubona utshintsho oluncinci kancinci ekuboneni kwakho, iintlungu zamehlo ezikhulayo, okanye ukuncipha kokubona (umzekelo, ukubona okufipheleyo, ukubona okuphindwe kabini), qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wamehlo okanye ugqirha wosapho lwakho.

Ngokukodwa, ukuba ubona utshintsho ngequbuliso, okanye ulahlekelwa kukubona, kwaye oko akukaze kwenzeke ngaphambili, kufuneka ufune uncedo lwezonyango ngoko nangoko. Kusenokuba yingxamiseko.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-optic nerve ifana "ne-data cable" edibanisa amehlo ethu nengqondo yethu. Sisenokungaqondi ixabiso layo de isebenze kakuhle. Kodwa kuphela xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle kuyo apho siqonda khona ukuba ixabiseke kangakanani.

Zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukukhusela impilo yemithambo-luvo yakho. Ngoko ke, luxanduva lwakho ukunyamekela amehlo akho.

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga notshintsho kwindlela obona ngayo okanye iindlela zokugcina umbono wakho uphilile, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wamehlo. Banokukunceda bakunike ulwalathiso olufanelekileyo. Khumbula, i-optic nerve ephilileyo ibalulekile ukuze ubone ihlabathi elihle ngokucacileyo!

I- Optic Never, I-Optic Never, Umbono, Ubuchopho, Impilo Yamehlo, I-Glaucoma