Ngaba zininzi izizathu zeempawu zakho? Masifunde indlela oogqirha abanokuzifumana ngayo (Differential Diagnosis)!

Xa uya kugqirha unesifo somkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, okanye esinye isifo, ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha akatsho kwangoko athi, "Nasi esi sifo sinaso," akunjalo? Mhlawumbi ukhe weva abantu besithi izinto ezinje, "Ngokusekelwe kwezi mpawu, isenokuba sesi sifo, okanye eso sifo. Makhe sijonge ngakumbi, mhlawumbi kufuneka senze uvavanyo." Yile ndlela esiza kuthetha ngayo ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu esetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi imeko onayo, phakathi kwezifo ezininzi ezineempawu ezifanayo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi- "Differential Diagnosis" kunyango. Ngamafutshane, kufana "nokuxilongwa okuhlukileyo."

Yintoni "uHlolo lokwaHlukana" ngokulula?

Khawuthelekelele ukuba uneempawu ezithile. Umzekelo, uneentloko ezibuhlungu kwaye uzive ubuthathaka. Ngoku, kunokubakho izifo ezingaphezu kwesinye ezinale mpawu. Isenokuba ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, okanye isenokuba yinto enzulu ngakumbi.

Ngoko ke, into eyenziwa ngugqirha kukwenza uluhlu lweemeko ezinokubakho ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho. Olo luhlu lubizwa ngokuba yi-"Differential Diagnosis." Oku kufana nomcuphi wamapolisa owenza uluhlu lwabantu abarhanelwa. Olu asilo "Final Diagnosis" lwakho, kodwa linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekufikeleleni apho. Kukulo luhlu apho emva koko uqhuba iimvavanyo, ubuze eminye imibuzo, kwaye ususe ezingabalulekanga ukuze ufumane ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki.

Ugqirha ufumanisa njani isifo esifana nesi? (Inkqubo yokuxilonga)

Ugqirha ulandela amanyathelo aliqela ukuze axilonge isifo ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kufana nendlela yesayensi.

1. Okokuqala, siza kukubuza ngononophelo ngeempawu zakho.

Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kuqala akubuze imibuzo.

• "Zithini iimpawu zakho?"
• "Zingakanani ixesha ezi mpawu ziqhubeka?"
• "Injani le ntlungu, le ntlungu injani? Ingaba inzima? Ingaba incinci?"
• "Ngaba kukho enye into evakala ingaqhelekanga?"

Ugqirha uzama ukufumana umbono osisiseko wemeko yakho ngemibuzo efana nale.

2. Siza kujonga izifo zakho zangaphambili kunye nemikhwa yakho yezempilo (`Imbali Yezonyango`)

Okulandelayo, ugqirha uza kukubuza ngembali yakho epheleleyo yezonyango .

• "Ngaba wakha waba neempawu ezinje ngaphambili?"
• "Ngaba uziqaphele naziphi na izinto (ukutya, umsebenzi, indawo ohlala kuyo) ezikhulisa okanye zinciphisa ezi mpawu?"
• "Ngaba kukho utshintsho olukhulu okanye uxinzelelo ebomini bakho kule mihla?"
• "Ngawaphi amayeza, iivithamini, kunye nezongezo ozisebenzisayo ngoku?"

Olu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu, kuba ezinye iimpawu zinokubangelwa liyeza olisebenzisayo okanye yimeko esele ikho.

3. Uvavanyo lomzimba

Emva koko ugqirha uza kukuhlola. Oku kudla ngokuqukaOku kuquka ukujonga uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho, ukujonga izinga lentliziyo yakho, kunye nokumamela imiphunga yakho nge-stethoscope. Ngamanye amaxesha, banokuchukumisa isisu sakho baze bajonge umphimbo wakho. Oku kunokunceda ugqirha wakho afumanise ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki emzimbeni wakho.

4. Kulapho ke kusenziwa khona uluhlu lwe-"Differential Diagnosis".

Ngokusekelwe kulwazi olunikileyo kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lomzimba, ugqirha wakho uya kuchonga iimeko ezininzi ezinokwenzeka ezinokuhambelana neempawu zakho. Olu luhlu lweemeko ezinokwenzeka lubizwa ngokuba yi-"Differential Diagnosis."

5. Emva koko, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwenziwa ezinye iimvavanyo.

Ngoku, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zeziphi izifo ezikolu luhlu onazo, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo. Ezi mvavanyo ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho.

Umzekelo:

• Uvavanyo lwelebhu: Izinto ezifana novavanyo lwegazi kunye novavanyo lomchamo.
• Uvavanyo lokuthatha imifanekiso: Njenge-X-ray okanye i-ultrasound scan.
• Ngamanye amaxesha i- "biopsy" , oko kuthetha ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili uze ulihlolisise, inokwenziwa.

6. Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye neempawu ziyathelekiswa kwakhona.

Emva kokuba iziphumo zovavanyo zifikile, ugqirha uza kufunda ngononophelo iziphumo, iimpawu zakho, kunye nembali yakho yezonyango.

7. Uxilongo lokugqibela lolo lukuxelela ukuba siyintoni na isifo sokwenyani.

Kuphela emva kokwenza konke oku nokuqwalasela ngenyameko iinyaniso apho ugqirha aza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni imeko yakho yokwenyani yempilo (`Ukuxilongwa kokugqibela`) . Kulapho ke kuphela apho unyango olufunekayo lunokuqaliswa khona.

I-"Differential Diagnosis" yenziwa nini?

Ngamafutshane, le nkqubo "yokuHlola okwaHlukileyo" iyimfuneko xa iimpawu zakho ziqhelekile kwizifo ezingaphezu kwesinye . Umzekelo, xa unentlungu esifubeni, isenokuba ngenxa "yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo", isenokuba ngenxa yesisu, okanye inokuba ngenxa "yoxinzelelo lwemisipha". Emva koko ugqirha uqwalasela zonke ezi nkalo. Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lusetyenziswa ukuphelisa olu rhanelwa kunye nokufumana unobangela ochanekileyo.

Yintoni omele uyilindele ngeli xesha lenkqubo?

Ngaphambi kokuba uxilongwe

Xa usiya kugqirha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uze noluhlu lwamayeza onke, iivithamini, kunye nezongezo ozithathayo. Kuba amanye amayeza anokubangela iimpawu ezithile. Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngempilo yakho kunye nezifo zakho zangaphambili. Kubalulekile ukuziphendula ngokunyaniseka.

Ngexesha lokuxilongwa

Xa ugqirha wakho ekunika uluhlu "lwee-differential diagnosis" ezithi, "Ezi zisenokuba zezi zifo," usenokuziva usoyika kancinci. Usenokucinga, "Owu, ngaba ndinazo zonke ezi zifo?" Kodwa ungoyiki kangako.Akuthethi ukuba unazo zonke ezo zifo. Kufana noluhlu lwabantu abarhanelwa. Uvavanyo olulandelayo ugqirha alwenzayo kukususa ezingabalulekanga kolo luhlu aze afumane olunye kanye. "Yinkqubo yokususa," oko kukuthi, inkqubo yokukhupha umntu ngaphandle.

Emva kokuxilongwa

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba "Uxilongo Oluhlukeneyo" aluloxilongo olupheleleyo. Linyathelo elinye nje elisetyenziswa ngugqirha ngaphambi kokufikelela kwisigqibo sokugqibela. Kwezinye izifo ezinzima, kungathatha ixesha ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo kwaye kusenokungabi lula ukuxela kwangoko. Ugqirha unokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo. Nje ukuba "Uxilongo Lokugqibela" lwenziwe, ugqirha uya kucebisa unyango olufanelekileyo kuwe.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi kwi-"Diagnosis Difference"?

Enyanisweni, le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Differential Diagnosis" isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa amathuba okuxilongwa gwenxa. Injongo kagqirha kukunyanga isifo esichanekileyo, kungekhona ukukubeka engozini. Ngokwenza uluhlu lwezifo ezinokubakho ngale ndlela nokwenza uvavanyo, kunokwenzeka ukufumana nokunyanga unobangela wesifo, endaweni yokunyanga iimpawu nje.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho naliphi na inyathelo kule nkqubo yokuxilonga eliphoswayo, okanye ukuba iinyani aziphandwanga kakuhle, kukho ithuba elincinci lokufikelela kwisigqibo esingalunganga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba zonke iimvavanyo ezifunekayo zenziwe kwaye le nkqubo ilandelwa ngokufanelekileyo, amathuba okwenza impazamo mancinci kakhulu.

Ndiza kukwazi nini ukwazi iziphumo zale "Differential Diagnosis"?

Kunzima ukutsho ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukwazi. Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, njengohlobo lweempawu zakho kunye nobunzima besifo osikrokrelayo. Ngamanye amaxesha kuya kwenzeka ukuba ufumanise ngosuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Ngamanye amaxesha kungathatha iveki okanye ezimbini. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlala unxibelelana nogqirha wakho ngeli xesha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha wakho kwangoko ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho kwiimpawu zakho (ukwanda, ukuncipha, iimpawu ezintsha) okanye ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho kwimbali yakho yezonyango (umz., ukuqala amayeza amatsha, ukuhlala esibhedlele).

Ndifanele ndiphinde ndimbone ugqirha nini kwakhona?

Ukuba ubona ugqirha kwaye ezi zinto zilandelayo zenzeka ngexesha lenkqubo yokuxilonga, kungcono ukuphinda ubonane nogqirha:

• Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu, okanye ziyanyamalala ngequbuliso.
• Ukuba kuvela iimpawu ezintsha.
• Ukuba ulaliswe esibhedlele ngenxa yesinye isizathu.
• Ukuba kukho utshintsho kumayeza owasebenzisayo ngoku.

Makhe sijonge eminye imizekelo `yokuHlola okuHlukileyo''.

Zininzi izifo ezinokuba neempawu ezifanayo. Ugqirha wakho uza kuyixilonga aze ayinyange imeko yakho ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho. Makhe sijonge imizekelo embalwa.

1. Intlungu Yesisu

Iimpawu:Ukuziva uxinezelekile kwindawo ethile esiswini, intlungu ejijekileyo, okanye intlungu ebukhali efana nokuhlaba ngemela, ezi zinto zisenokuba zixhaphake kakhulu.

Izifo ezinokwenzeka (Ukuxilongwa kokwahluka):

• I-Appendicitis
• I-Gastritis
• Isifo samathumbu esivuthayo
• Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu okanye amathumbu
• I-Pancreatitis

2. Ukukhwehlela ('Ukukhwehlela')

Iimpawu: Ukuziva ngathi kukho iqhuma emqaleni, okanye ukukhwehlela okomileyo, umphimbo obuhlungu.

Izifo ezinokwenzeka (Ukuxilongwa kokwahluka):

• Isifuba
• I-Bronchitis
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• I-acid reflux (okanye i-reflux)
• Iingxaki zexesha lonyaka

3. Ukudinwa

Iimpawu: Ukudinwa rhoqo, ukuziva udiniwe, uzive udiniwe nasemva kokulala, uzive ubuthathaka.

Izifo ezinokwenzeka (Ukuxilongwa kokwahluka):

• I-anemia
• Uxinzelelo
• Ukungalali
• Isifo se-thyroid

4. Intloko ebuhlungu

Iimpawu: Intloko ebuhlungu, ngamanye amaxesha ithambile, ngamanye amaxesha inzima, njengentloko ebuhlungu eqhekekayo, ukuva ingxolo yangaphandle. Ingahlala iiyure okanye iintsuku.

Izifo ezinokwenzeka (Ukuxilongwa kokwahluka): (Kunokubakho izizathu ezininzi apha, umzekelo)

• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Usulelo lweSinus
• Intloko ebuhlungu ebangelwa luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)

Kubalulekile: Le mizekelo yenzelwe ukukunika umbono wenkqubo. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Ngoko ke, "Ukuxilongwa Okwahlukileyo" yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu necwangcisiweyo esetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo wesifo.

• "Ukuxilongwa okwahlukileyo" akusiyonto yokugqibela onokuyifumanisa. Luluhlu nje lwezifo ezinokubakho.
• Musa ukoyika xa ubona olu luhlu. Ugqirha ukwenza oku ngokukodwa ukuze akuncede.
• Kungathatha ixesha ukufumanisa isifo esichanekileyo, ngoko ke yiba nomonde.
• Yenza uvavanyo oluyalelwe ngugqirha wakho uze ulandele imiyalelo.
• Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziyatshintsha, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Ngokusebenzisana nogqirha wakho ngale ndlela, uya kukwazi ukubona unobangela wemeko yakho, ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza, kwaye uphile.

"Uxilongo, Uxilongo Oluhlukileyo, Iimpawu, Uvavanyo Lwezonyango, Impilo, Izifo, Ingcebiso Yezonyango