Masifunde ngolusu olubalulekileyo oluphakathi emzimbeni wethu: ulusu olujikeleze i-axial.

Uyazi ukuba mangaphi amathambo esinawo emizimbeni yethu? Umntu omdala oqhelekileyo unamathambo amalunga nama-206. La mathambo ahlulwe abe ziinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili. Elinye liyinkqubo yakho yamathambo encedisayo, elinye liyinkqubo yakho yamathambo e-axial. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nkqubo yamathambo e-axial. Ngamafutshane, eli lilungu lomzimba wethu eliphakathi, njengesiqu.

Yintoni i-axial skeleton?

I-axial skeleton yinkqubo yamathambo abekwe ecaleni kwe-axis ethe nkqo yomzimba wakho, oko kukuthi, ngqo embindini. Cinga ngayo njengesiqu somthi, yenza isakhelo esisisiseko, i-core core yomzimba wethu. Igama elithi "axial" livela kwigama elithi "axis," elithetha "axis" okanye "umgca ophakathi." Ngoko ke la mathambo abekwe ecaleni kwe-core core yomzimba wethu.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweenkqubo ze-axial kunye ne-accessory skeletal?

Ngoku unombuzo, yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-axial skeleton kunye ne-appendicular skeleton? Kulula kakhulu. I-axial skeleton ngamathambo asentloko yakho, entanyeni, emqolo, nasesifubeni . Onke amanye amathambo, oko kukuthi, amathambo anamathele kwi-axial skeleton, angamalungu e-appendicular skeleton . Umzekelo, amahlombe akho, izinqe, iingalo, iminwe, imilenze, kunye neenzwane zonke zingamalungu e-appendicular skeleton. Ngamafutshane, i-axial skeleton iphakathi, kwaye i-appendicular skeleton inamathele kuyo kwaye isasazeka njengamasebe.

Yintoni umsebenzi oyintloko wesikeleti se-axial?

Ngoko ke yintoni umsebenzi oyintloko wale nkqubo yamathambo e-axial? Cinga ngayo njengenkxaso ephambili emzimbeni wethu.

Le skeleton ye-axial ikhusela ingqondo yakho, umqolo, kunye namalungu abalulekileyo emzimbeni wakho, iwanika ukhuseleko olufana nomqamelo.

Kwakhona, izihlunu ezishukumisa intloko yakho, intamo, kunye nomzimba zidibene nale nkqubo yamathambo. Izihlunu ezikuncedayo ukuphefumla kunye nezihlunu ezinceda ukugcina ezinye iindawo zenkqubo yamathambo encedisayo zizinzile nazo zidibene nale nkqubo. Ngamanye amazwi, le ayisiyo nje amathambo ambalwa, kodwa yinkqubo eyenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu.

Mangaphi amathambo akhoyo kwinkqubo ye-axial skeletal?

Uyazi ukuba mangaphi amathambo akwi-axial skeleton? Kukho amathambo angama-80, ukuba kuyinyani. Eli linani elibalulekileyo kumathambo angama-206 kwi-skeleton yethu yonke.

Ziziphi iindawo ezintlanu eziphambili zenkqubo ye-axial skeletal?

Umqolo we-axial uneziqendu ezintlanu eziphambili. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi kwaye zibaluleke kangakanani na iziqendu nganye emzimbeni wethu.

1. Ukhakhayi

Ukhakhayi lwakho lwenziwe ngamacandelo amabini: amathambo asibhozo entloko kunye namathambo obuso alishumi elinesine.

• Amathambo entloko: Lawa abumba umphezulu nomva wentloko yakho, kwaye akwaxhasa kwaye akhusela ingqondo yakho .Ziquka amathambo amabini e-parietal (ekhohlo nasekunene), amathambo amabini e-temporal (ekhohlo nasekunene), ithambo elingaphambili (elakha ibunzi), ithambo le-occipital (ngasemva kwentloko), ithambo le-ethmoid, kunye nethambo le-sphenoid.
• Amathambo Obuso: La ngamathambo enza ubuso bakho kwaye asebenza njengeengcango zomzimba wakho (umzekelo, impumlo yakho nomlomo). La aquka amathambo amabini e-maxilla (umhlathi ongaphezulu), amathambo amabini e-zygomatic (amathambo esihlathi), ithambo le-mandible (umhlathi ongezantsi, ithambo lokhakhayi kuphela elihambayo xa uthetha okanye utya), amathambo amabini empumlo, amathambo amabini e-palatine (akha uphahla lomlomo wakho), amathambo amabini e-nasal concha, amathambo amabini e-lacrimal (adibanisa i-tear glands), kunye nethambo lomhlanzo (elahlula umngxuma wempumlo) .

2. Ii-Ossicles zokuva

Okulandelayo yindlebe. Ii-ossicles zokuva ezikwindlebe ephakathi zezona thambo zincinci emzimbeni wakho. La mathambo mathathu mancinci anoxanduva lokudlulisa ukungcangcazela ukusuka kwi-eardrum ukuya endlebeni engaphakathi. Asebenza njengebhulorho encinci.

• Kukho amathambo amathathu endlebeni nganye: iMalleus (emile okwesando), iIncus (emile okwe-anvil), kunye neStapes (emile okwemigca).
• Ngoko ke kukho amathambo amathandathu amancinci afana nala endlebeni nganye. Ngaphandle kwawo, ukuva kwethu bekungayi kuba mnandi kakhulu.

3. Ithambo le-Hyoid entanyeni

Ithambo le-hyoid likwintamo. Lithambo elimile okwesihlangu sehashe elikwicala elingaphambili entanyeni. Okumangalisayo kukuba eli thambo alidibani ngqo naliphi na elinye ithambo. Libanjwe endaweni yalo yimisipha kunye nemisipha ephakathi kwethambo lomhlathi wakho kunye ne-thyroid gland yakho. Ithambo le-hyoid likunceda uphefumle, uthethe, kwaye uginye . Likwaqulathe izihlunu ezikunceda ushukumise ulwimi lwakho.

4. Ikholamu yomqolo

Okulandelayo ngumqolo wethu, okanye ikholamu yomqolo. Le yeyona nkxaso iphambili yomzimba wethu. Ine -vertebrae ezingama-24 , kunye ne -sacrum yakho kunye ne-coccyx . Le kholamu yomqolo isuka kwisiseko sekhakhayi lakho ukuya kwi-pelvis yakho. Yahlulwe yangamacandelo amahlanu aphambili:

• Iintlungu Ezisixhenxe Zentamo Yesibeleko: Ezi zezona zinto zenza intamo yakho kwaye zixhasa intloko yakho. Zikunceda ujike intloko yakho phezulu, ezantsi, namacala omabini.
• Ii-Three Vertebrae ezilishumi elinesibini: Ezi zii-ankile ezingasemva kwe-rib cage yakho (iimbambo). Iimbambo zinamathela kwezi.
• Ii-Five Lumbar Vertebrae: Ezi zezona zithwala ubunzima obukhulu emzimbeni wakho. Izihlunu zomqolo nazo ziyabandakanyeka. Zidlala indima enkulu xa sigoba size siphakamise iintsimbi.
• I-Sacrum: Eli lithambo elingunxantathu elenziwe ngamathambo amahlanu adibeneyo. Lenza udonga olungasemva lwe-pelvis yakho.
• I-Coccyx: Le ikwindawo esezantsi yomqolo. Lithambo elincinci elenziwe kukudibana kwamathambo amathathu ukuya kwamahlanu emqolo. Uninzi lwezihlunu zomzimba zinamathele kuyo.

Intambo yethu yomqolo , indlela ephambili yemithambo-luvo esuka ebuchotsheni, idlula kumqolo. Ngoko ke intambo yomqolo nayo iyawukhusela.

5. Ikheji Yesifuba/Imbambo

Okokugqibela, udonga lwesifuba, okanye ikheyiji yesifuba. Oku kukukhusela amalungu akho abalulekileyo njengentliziyo nemiphunga yakho. Kufana nekheyiji yokhuseleko. Ikwanazo nezihlunu ezibandakanyeka ekuphefumleni nasekushukumiseni iingalo zakho. Amathambo eludongeni lwesifuba ngala:

• I-Sternum: Eli lithambo elide, elithe tyaba elihamba embindini wesifuba. Uninzi lweembambo zinamathele kulo ngaphambili.
• Iimbambo ezingama-24: Wonke umntu udla ngokuba neembambo ezili-12. Ezi zidibana nethambo lomqolo elingasemva (ikakhulukazi) ne-sternum engaphambili, zenze i-rib cage.

Ziziphi izifo ezinokuchaphazela umqolo we-axial?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi izifo ezinokuchaphazela le nkqubo yamathambo e-axial. Ezinye zazo zenzeka ngotshintsho emzimbeni njengoko sikhula. Ezinye zinokubangelwa zizifo okanye iingozi. Nazi ezinye zeemeko:

• I-Ankylosing Spondylitis: Olu luhlobo lwe-arthritis. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ibangela ukudumba komqolo kunye nentlungu yomqolo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, amathambo anokudibana, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukugoba umqolo.
• I-Axial Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia: Le yingxaki yokukhula kwamathambo ebangelwa lufuzo enokubangela ukwehla kobude (ubude).
• I-Fibrous Dysplasia: Kule meko, ithambo eliphilileyo lithathelwa indawo zizicubu ezifana nethambo, ezinokubangela ukuba amathambo aphuke lula.
• Ukuqhekeka kwamathambo: Uxinano lwamathambo luyancipha njengoko sikhula. Amathambo anoxinano oluphantsi anokuqhekeka lula. Nokuba yinto efana nokuwa inokubangela ukuba ithambo liphuke.
• I-Melorheostosis: Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga apho iingqimba zangaphandle zamathambo ziqina okanye zibanzi.
• I-Osteoporosis: Esi sisifo esaziwayo. Ukuba awufumani i-calcium eyaneleyo okanye awunayo i-vitamin D eyaneleyo, amathambo akho anokuba buthathaka kwaye aphuke lula.
• Isifo sikaPaget sethambo: Esi sisifo apho amathambo ekhula abe buthathaka kunesiqhelo. Oku kunokubangela iintlungu zamathambo, isifo samathambo, kunye nokukhubazeka kwamathambo.

Ukuba iimeko ezinjalo zenzeka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Singayigcina njani le nkqubo yamathambo e-axial iphilile?

Ngoko ke singawugcina njani lo mzimba uxabisekileyo we-axial uphilile? Eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni. Nazi ezinye zezinto onokuzenza ukuze ugcine amathambo akho omelele kwaye esempilweni:

• Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzilolonga nge-cardio njengokuhamba nokubaleka kunye noqeqesho lokuqinisa umzimba olufana nokuphakamisa iintsimbi zombini zinceda ukuqinisa amathambo akho. Ukuzilolonga okuthwala ubunzima ngakumbi kulungile kakhulu ekuxinaniseni amathambo.
• Lala ngokwaneleyo: Lala ubuncinane iiyure ezisixhenxe ngobusuku. Kulapho ke amathambo akho eba nexesha lokuphola nokululama.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Ubunzima bomzimba obugqithisileyo bunokubangela uxinzelelo olungeyomfuneko emathanjeni, ingakumbi umqolo.
• Fumana i-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D eyaneleyo: Faka ubisi, iyogathi, itshizi, imifuno eluhlaza (isipinatshi, ikale), iintlanzi ezincinci (ezifana nee-sprats ezinamaqokobhe azo), kunye nee-almond ekutyeni kwakho. Ezi zibaluleke kakhulu ekuqiniseni amathambo. Kulungile ukufumana i-vitamin D elangeni lasekuseni.
• Musa ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwegazi emathanjeni. Ukuhanjiswa kwegazi okuhle kubalulekile kumathambo asempilweni. Ukutshaya kunciphisa noxinano lwamathambo.
• Nciphisa utywala: Ukusela utywala kakhulu kuyingozi nakwimpilo yamathambo.
• Fumana uhlolo lwezonyango rhoqo: Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65, ingakumbi ukuba ungumfazi, buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokufumana uvavanyo loxinano lwamathambo emva kokuya exesheni. Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni iimeko ezifana ne-osteoporosis kwangethuba.

Okokugqibela, khumbula oku.

Ngoko ke, i-axial skeleton esithethe ngayo namhlanje yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu, enamathambo angama-80 embindini ophakathi. La mathambo, akwintloko, entanyeni, emqolo, nasesifubeni, akhusela kwaye akhusela ubuchopho bethu, umqolo, kunye nezitho zangaphakathi.

Ekubeni izifo ezahlukeneyo zinokuchaphazela le nkqubo yamathambo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyigcina isempilweni kwaye yomelele. Khumbula, ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, unganciphisa umonakalo obangelwa zizifo neengozi. Ukuba uzinyamekela kakuhle, amathambo akho aya kukunyamekela nawe! Ngoko zama ukuhlala usempilweni ngokutya okunesondlo, ukuzilolonga ngokwaneleyo, kunye nokuphumla kakuhle.

I- Axial Skeleton, Amathambo, Intloko, Umqolo, I-Rib Cage, Impilo Yamathambo, I-Vertebrae