Khawuthelekelele uvuka kusasa uze ngequbuliso uzive ngathi awukwazi ukushukumisa ingalo yakho, okanye umlenze wakho, okanye mhlawumbi ukhubazekile. Okanye, uThixo makakuvumele, ulahlekelwa yimvakalelo kwinxalenye yomzimba wakho emva kwengozi? Le yimeko apho ungakwazi ukulawula izihlunu zomzimba wakho ngendlela ofuna ngayo, kwaye yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-paralysis. Yinto eyoyikisayo, etshintsha ubomi ukucinga ngayo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba siyiqaphele le meko, kungekuphela nje kuthi kodwa nakubantu esibathandayo.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-parasite?
Ngamafutshane, ukukhubazeka kukungakwazi ukulawula izihlunu ngenxa yengxaki kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Khawuthelekelele ukuba ingqondo yethu ifana nomphathi wenkampani. Izihlunu ngabasebenzi abasebenza kuloo nkampani. Lo mphathi unika abasebenzi imisebenzi, oko kukuthi, unika imiyalelo, ngemithambo-luvo ehamba njengeentambo zefowuni. Ngoku, ukuba kukho nawuphi na umonakalo kwezi ntambo (imithambo-luvo), abasebenzi abawufumani umyalezo onikwa ngumphathi. Kunjalo ke, xa imiqondiso evela ebuchotsheni ingafikeleli kwizihlunu, asinakuyishukumisa loo nxalenye yomzimba.
Ukukhubazeka komzimba kunokuchaphazela naliphi na ilungu lomzimba. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:
- Ukukhubazeka Okuncinci okanye iParesis: Kulapho unokulawula khona ezinye izihlunu, kodwa ezinye azikho. Oku kuthetha ukuba unamandla athile engalweni okanye emlenzeni wakho, kodwa kunzima ukuwalawula ngokupheleleyo.
- Ukukhubazeka Okupheleleyo: Kwimeko enjalo, awukwazi ukulawula nayiphi na imisipha kwinxalenye yomzimba echaphazelekayo. Ukhubazekile ngokupheleleyo.
Ingohlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini ezixhomekeke ekubeni kwenzeka phi umonakalo kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo:
- Ukukhubazeka kweFlaccid: Kule meko, izihlunu ziba buthathaka kwaye zityhafe, nto leyo ebangela ukuziva ubuthathaka.
- Ukukhubazeka kweSpastic: Oku kulapho izihlunu ziqina khona kwaye zishukuma rhoqo. Amalungu ethu ashukuma aze ashukume ngaphandle kolawulo lwethu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-spasticity.
Ngamanye amaxesha ukukhubazeka kungaba yinto yexeshana. Oko kukuthi, kunokubuyela esiqhelweni emva kwexeshana. Umzekelo ongcono yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yiBell's palsy. Ibangela ukukhubazeka okwethutyana kwemisipha kwicala elinye lobuso. Kodwa ukukhubazeka okusisigxina yimeko apho imisipha ingasalawulekiyo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zokukhubazeka?
Ukukhubazeka kunokwahlulwahlulwa kwiindidi ezininzi eziphambili ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yomzimba echaphazelekileyo. Ukuze uqonde oku ngokucacileyo, jonga itheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Uhlobo lokukhubazeka | Indawo yomzimba echaphazelekayo |
|---|---|
| Ukukhubazeka Kwendawo | Yindawo encinci kuphela echaphazelekayo, njengobuso, izandla, iinyawo, okanye iintambo zelizwi. |
| I-Diplegia | Ichaphazela indawo enye kumacala omabini omzimba. Umzekelo, inokuchaphazela zombini iingalo, imilenze yomibini, okanye amacala omabini obuso. |
| I-Hemiplegia | Ichaphazela icala elinye lomzimba ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba zombini ingalo nomlenze kwicala elinye zikhubazekile. Le meko idla ngokubonakala emva kwestroke. |
| I-Monoplegia | Ichaphazela ingalo enye okanye umlenze omnye kuphela. |
| I-Paraplegia | Imilenze yomibini iba ndindisholo. Ngamanye amaxesha isisu esisezantsi sinokuchaphazeleka. |
| I-Quadriplegia / iTetraplegia | Ichaphazela yonke into ukususela kwiingalo, emilenzeni, esiswini nasesifubeni. Yimeko embi kakhulu ebangela ukukhubazeka ngokupheleleyo ukusuka entanyeni ukuya ezantsi. |
Zithini iimpawu ngaphambi kokuba kubekho isifo sohlangothi?
Ukukhubazeka kunokubakho ngequbuliso , njengakwistroke okanye ukwenzakala okukhulu komqolo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko zonyango zinokubangela ukukhubazeka kancinci kancinci.Ukukhubazeka nako kunokwenzeka. Njengoko kuqhubeka, ungazibona iimpawu ezifana nezi:
- Ukulahlekelwa kancinci kancinci zimvakalelo kwaye kunzima ukulawula izihlunu.
- Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha rhoqo.
- Ukurhawuzelela kwamalungu okanye ukuziva ngathi amalungu akho "ayatsha" xa umile nje ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, nceda ungazityesheli . Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu ezisisilumkiso ezivela kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Kungoko ke, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufumane ingcebiso.
Kutheni le nto le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-paralysis isenzeka?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, unobangela oyintloko woku kukonakala kwenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zokuba oku kungenzeki.
- Ukulimala kweStroke kunye neSpinal Cord: Ezi zezona zizathu zimbini ziphambili nezixhaphakileyo zokungakwazi ukuzenzela nto. Istroke senzeka xa umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi engqondweni uvalekile okanye uqhuma. Ukukhubazeka kunokubakho ngenxa yomonakalo kwi-spinal cord, onokwenzeka ngenxa yezinto ezifana neengozi zeemoto okanye ukuwa ukusuka phezulu.
- Iziphene Zokuzalwa: Abanye abantwana banokuzalwa benezi meko, umzekelo, iimeko ezifana ne-spina bifida.
- Izifo Ezizikhusela Ngokwasemzimbeni: Kulapho inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu, inkqubo yokuzikhusela, ihlasela ngempazamo iiseli zethu zemithambo-luvo. I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) kunye ne-Guillain-Barré syndrome zezona zifo zimbini ziphambili.
- Ukulimala Kwengqondo: Ukukhubazeka kunokubakho ngenxa yeemeko ezinje ngokwenzakala kwengqondo okanye i-cerebral palsy.
- Ezinye izifo zemithambo-luvo: Le meko inokubangelwa zizifo eziye ziyenza buthathaka inkqubo yemithambo-luvo kancinci kancinci. I-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) sesinye sezifo ezinjalo.
Ziziphi ezinye iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yokukhubazeka?
Ukukhubazeka akupheleli nje ekulahlekelweni lilungu lomzimba. Kunokuchaphazela nezinye iinkqubo ezininzi emzimbeni, ingakumbi amalungu angaphakathi kwindawo echaphazelekayo.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukukhohlela, kunye nosulelo lwemiphunga olufana ne-pneumonia.
- Amahlwili egazi kwimithambo yegazi, ingakumbi kwimithambo enzulu yemilenze (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT).
- Ubunzima bokuthetha okanye ukuginya (dysphagia).
- Ukudakumba, oku kuthetha ukudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo kunye nezinye iingxaki zesondo.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kakhulu (i-autonomic dysreflexia) okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (i-orthostatic hypotension) kunye nesifo sentliziyo.
- Ukungakwazi ukulawula umchamo kunye nendle (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba).
- Ukulimala okubangelwa kukuhlala kwindawo enye ixesha elide, njengokulimala koxinzelelo okanye izilonda zokulala, kunokukhokelela kwiintsholongwane ezinzulu ezifana ne-sepsis.
Ugqirha ufumanisa njani ngokuchanekileyo oku njengestroke?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kuqala akuhlole aze akubuze ngayo nayiphi na ingozi oye waba nayo okanye indlela iimpawu zakho eziqale ngayo. Emva koko, banokucebisa uvavanyo olunye okanye ngaphezulu ukunceda ekufumaneni unobangela ochanekileyo:
- Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray: Ukujonga ukuba amathambo aphukile na kwaye imithambo-luvo yonakele na.
- I-CT scan okanye i-MRI scan: Olu vavanyo lunceda ukubona izinto ezifana nokwenzakala kwengqondo okanye umqolo kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo ngokucacileyo.
- I-Myelogram: Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray olubandakanya ukufaka idayi ekhethekileyo kumqolo nakwimithambo-luvo.
- I-Electromyogram (EMG): Le ndlela ilinganisa umsebenzi wombane wemithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha. Ingagqiba ukuba imiyalezo yemithambo-luvo idluliselwa ngokufanelekileyo na.
- I-Spinal Tap okanye i-Lumbar Puncture: Isampuli yolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal ngaphakathi komqolo iyathathwa ize ivavanywe ukuze ifumane izifo ezifana ne-MS.
Iphathwa kwaye ilawulwa njani?
Injongo ephambili yokunyanga ukungakwazi ukuzenzela nto kukunceda isigulane siphile ngokuzimela kangangoko kunokwenzeka nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi baso. Nangona kungekho "nyango" lokungakwazi ukuzenzela nto ngokusisigxina, ulawulo olufanelekileyo kunye nokuvuselelwa kwengqondo kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu.
Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kwisizathu sokukhubazeka kunye nendlela okukuchaphazela ngayo. Ziquka ikakhulu:
- Unyango Lomzimba: Ukuzilolonga kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula amandla emisipha kunye nokusebenza kwayo.
- Unyango Lomsebenzi: Luzisa iindlela kunye nezixhobo zokukunceda wenze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (njengokutya nokunxiba) ngokuzimela.
- Unyango lokuthetha: Unyango lobunzima bokuthetha okanye bokuginya.
- Izixhobo zokuncedisa: Izinto ezifana nezitulo ezinamavili, iintonga, izixhobo zokuhamba.
- Izixhobo Ezizilungelelanisayo: Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ukunceda abantu batye bodwa kwaye baqhube izithuthi.
- Izixhobo zokufakelwa kwamalungu omzimba/zokufakelwa: Izixhobo ezifana neebraces ezixhasa amalungu omzimba.
- Iteknoloji esebenzayo ngelizwi:Itekhnoloji ekuvumela ukuba ulawule izinto ezifana neekhompyutha, izibane, kunye neefowuni ngelizwi lakho.
Ngaba kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukuthintela ukukhubazeka?
Nangona ingezizo zonke izizathu ezinokuthintelwa, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukuthintela ukwenzakala komqolo, nto leyo ebangela ukungakwazi ukuzenzela nto.
- Soloko unxibe iibhanti zokhuseleko xa ukhwela imoto. Soloko usebenzisa izihlalo zeemoto ezilungiselelwe abantwana abancinci.
- Ngaphambi kokuba utsibe emlanjeni, elwandle, okanye emlanjeni , jonga ubunzulu bamanzi . Musa ukuntywila kwiindawo ongazaziyo.
- Musa ukuqhuba unxilile okanye uhambe nomqhubi onxilileyo.
- Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela xa udlala imidlalo neminye imisebenzi. Umzekelo, nxiba isigcina-ntloko xa ukhwela ibhayisekile.
- Oku kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu ufumene ukwenzakala entloko, entanyeni, okanye emqolo, ungaze uzame ukumshukumisa okanye ukumphakamisa. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela nokuba ukwenzakala okuncinci kube kubi kakhulu. Fowunela u-1990 ngoko nangoko uze ufumane i-ambulensi.
Ixesha lokufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza
Ukuba umntu ufumana iimpawu zestroke (umz., ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso, ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa ingalo enye, ubunzima bokuthetha), okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba wenzekele entloko, entanyeni, okanye emqolo, fowunela u-1990 ngoko nangoko ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Okanye, mse kwangoko kwiSebe leNgxamiseko lesibhedlele elikufutshane (ETU).
Ukongeza, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba unenye yezi mpawu:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuginya, okanye ukuthetha.
- Ukungaziva okanye ukulahlekelwa yimvakalelo ngequbuliso kwimilenze.
- Ubuthathaka bemisipha ngequbuliso.
- Ukungakwazi ngequbuliso ukuhambisa inxalenye yomzimba.
Ukukhubazeka ngumceli mngeni otshintsha ubomi. Kodwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo, ukulungiswa, izixhobo zoncedo, kunye nenkxaso evela kubantu obathandayo, abantu abaninzi banokuphila ubomi obusebenzayo nobokuzimela. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlala uqinile engqondweni kwaye ungathandabuzi ukufumana inkxaso oyifunayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukukhubazeka yimeko ebangelwa kukonakala kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo (ingqondo, umqolo, okanye imithambo-luvo) endaweni yokuba yingxaki yemisipha.
- Ukulimala komqolo kunye nestroke zezona zinto zimbini ziphambili ezibangela ukukhubazeka.
- Ukukhubazeka kunokubakho ngequbuliso okanye kancinci kancinci ngenxa yemeko yempilo engabonakaliyo. Musa ukuyityeshela iimpawu ezisisiseko, ezinje ngokuba ndindisholo kunye nobuthathaka kwimilenze.
- Nangona ukukhubazeka okungapheliyo kungenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, unyango lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, kuquka unyango lomzimba, lunokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho wobomi.
- Iingozi ezininzi ezibangela ukukhubazeka komzimba zinokuthintelwa ngokulandela amanyathelo okhuseleko (ukunxiba amabhanti okhuseleko, ukuphepha ukuntywila kwiindawo ezingaziwayo).
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