Ngaba amehlo akho omabini asengozini yokuba ne-glaucoma? Masifunde ngezi mvavanyo!

Unjani? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enokuchaphazela amehlo ethu buthule kunye novavanyo oluthile olunokunceda ekufumaneni kwangethuba. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-glaucoma. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngeli gama, okanye umntu kusapho lwakho usenokuba nale meko. Ungakhathazeki, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi kakuhle ngale nto.

Yintoni i-glaucoma? Masiyiqonde ngokulula.

Ngamafutshane, i-glaucoma liqela lezifo zamehlo ezonakalisa umthambo we-optic ngaphakathi kweliso. Lo mthambo we-optic yinto esiyibonayo, inxalenye yeliso ebona ukukhanya ebizwa ngokuba yi-retina, kwaye ithwala imiqondiso esuka kwi-retina iye engqondweni. Njengomfanekiso othathwe ngekhamera, sibona imifanekiso kuphela xa le miqondiso ifikelela ebuchotsheni.

I-Glaucoma idla ngokubangelwa kukunyuka koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso. Olu xinzelelo lonakalisa kancinci kancinci i-optic nerve. Into ebuhlungu kukuba, idla ngokuqhubeka ngaphandle kokubonisa zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Yiyo loo nto abanye abantu beyibiza ngokuba "lutshaba oluthuleyo." Ukuba ayinyangwa, ukubona kunokuwohloka kancinci kancinci kuze kukhokelele ekubeni yimfama.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-glaucoma?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okufumana i-glaucoma kunabanye. Jonga ukuba unayo na enye yezi zinto ziyingozi:

• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho one-glaucoma: Ukuba umama wakho, utata, okanye abantakwenu bane-glaucoma, nawe usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nayo.
• Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala: Umngcipheko uyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
• Uhlanga: Abantu bomnombo waseAfrika (ingakumbi abo bane-open-angle glaucoma) kunye nabomnombo waseMpuma Asia (ingakumbi abo bane-closed-angle glaucoma) basengozini enkulu.
• Ukulimala kwamehlo okanye utyando oluntsonkothileyo: Ukuba ukhe wenzakala emehlweni ngaphambili okanye watyandwa kakhulu.
• Ukubona kude: Le yingxaki yezinye iintlobo zeglaucoma (i-closed-angle glaucoma).
• Ezinye iimeko zonyango:
• Isifo seswekile (iDiabetes Mellitus)`
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza athile: Ingakumbi ukuba uqhubeka nokusebenzisa amayeza akudidi lwe-`(corticosteroid)` (umzekelo `(prednisone)`).

Ndingalufumana nini uvavanyo lweglaucoma?

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi ngxaki zokubona, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza ukuze ahlolwe amehlo ngokupheleleyo, kuquka novavanyo lweglaucoma:

• Iindawo ezingaboniyo: Ukuba uziva ngathi ulahlekelwa kukubona iindawo ezithile.
• Umbono ofipheleyo.
• Ukuva iintlungu okanye uxinzelelo emehlweni.
• Intloko ebuhlungu rhoqo.
• Ukubona izangqa zomnyama xa ujonge ukukhanya.
• Ububomvu bamehlo.
• Umbono wetonela: Ukubona ngqo phambili, ngokungathi ujonge ngetyhubhu.

Ngokutsho kwe-American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), abantu abasengozini ye-glaucoma kufuneka bahlolwe amehlo ngokupheleleyo ngokweshedyuli:

* Iminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-54: Rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-1 ukuya kwemi-3.

* Iminyaka engama-55 ukuya kwengama-64: Rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-1 ukuya kwemibini.

* Ubudala obungama-65 nangaphezulu: Rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-6-12.

Ngubani owenza uvavanyo lweglaucoma?

Olu vavanyo lwenziwa yingcali yamehlo, ugqirha ochwephesha ekuthinteleni, ekuxilongeni, nasekunyangeni izifo zamehlo.

Zenziwa njani ezi mvavanyo zeglaucoma?

Uvavanyo lweglaucoma alulovavanyo olunye. Lunokuba yindibaniselwano yovavanyo oluninzi. Eyona nto ingcono kukuba uninzi lolu vavanyo lukhawuleza, alunantlungu, kwaye alungenisi ntlungu. Olu vavanyo lunceda ugqirha wakho wamehlo ukuba ajonge ngaphakathi kweliso lakho, ahlole ukuba kukho umonakalo na emehlweni, aze akhethe unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi zilingo ziphambili zeglaucoma:

1. Uvavanyo lwe-Angle / i-Gonioscopy

Olu vavanyo lujonga i-engile apho inxalenye ecacileyo yeliso lakho (i-cornea) kunye nenxalenye enemibala yeliso lakho (iris) idibana khona. Le engile kulapho inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi ekhupha khona umswakama ophuma ngaphakathi kweliso ikhoyo.

Ugqirha uza kuqala ngokufaka amathontsi eliso abangela ukuba ungaziva mnandi. Emva koko, kuya kufakwa ilensi ekhethekileyo kwi-cornea yakho ukuze kubonwe ukuba i-engile ivuliwe okanye ivaliwe na. Ukuba i-engile ivaliwe, oko kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi ivaliwe. Oku kungaba luphawu lwe-glaucoma. Olu vavanyo lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-gonioscopy.

2. Umlinganiselo wobukhulu be-cornea / i-Pachymetry

Oku kulinganisa ubukhulu be-cornea yakho. Oku kunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba ahlole umngcipheko wakho we-glaucoma. Oku kuquka nokufaka amehlo akho kwiimfama ngamaconsi eliso kunye nokulinganisa ubukhulu ngokuchukumisa i-cornea yakho ngesixhobo esincinci esibizwa ngokuba yi-"pachymetry".

3. Uvavanyo lwamehlo oluvundlileyo

Oku kuquka ukufaka amaconsi esweni lakho ukuze kwandiswe umbala, isangqa esimnyama esiphakathi kweliso lakho. Oku kuvumela ingcali yamehlo ukuba ibone i-retina kunye ne-optic nerve engaphakathi kweliso lakho ngendlela ekhuliswe kakhulu. Isixhobo esikhethekileyo sikhanyisa iliso lakho. Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba ahlole umbala, ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nemithambo yegazi ye-optic nerve aze afumanise ukuba kukho nawuphi na umonakalo okanye ukuba ubangelwa yi-glaucoma.

4. Ukujonga uxinzelelo lwamehlo / iTonometry

Uxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphakathi kweliso luphawu olukhulu lwe-glaucoma. Ngexesha lovavanyo, ugqirha wakho uza kubeka amathontsi abangela ukuba ungabi nazintloni kweliso lakho. Emva koko, kubekwa isixhobo esincinci phezu kweliso lakho ukuze sithambe kancinci i-cornea kwaye silinganise uxinzelelo olungaphakathi. Olu vavanyo alunantlungu kwaye luthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uhlale ungashukumi kwaye ungashukumi ngexesha lovavanyo. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Tonometry" okanye "applanation".

5. Ukuthathwa kwemifanekiso yemithambo-luvo yamehlo

Oku kuthatha imifanekiso ye-retina yakho kunye ne-optic nerve. Imifanekiso ithathwa ngekhamera yedijithali ekhethekileyo, eyandisa umbungu weliso lakho.

Iingcali ezininzi zamehlo zisebenzisa umatshini okhethekileyo obizwa ngokuba yi-"Optical Coherence Tomography", okanye i-OCT, ukuze oku kwenzeke. Okufuneka ukwenze kukubeka isilevu sakho esiseleni somatshini uze ujonge kwilensi. Akukho nto ichukumisa iliso lakho. Umatshini uthatha imifanekiso yayo yonke imaleko yezicubu zamehlo kumzuzu omnye okanye emibini aze abhale loo ndawo.

6. Uvavanyo lwentsimi ebonakalayo (Uvavanyo lwentsimi ebonakalayo / i-Perimetry)

Olu vavanyo lujonga nakuphi na ukulahleka kweendawo ezithile zombono wakho (umzekelo, ukubona ecaleni xa ujonge phambili). Lukwaqhutywa rhoqo ukuze kuchongwe ukuba i-glaucoma inzima kangakanani na kwaye ikhawuleza kangakanani na.

Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha ukucela ukuba ujonge phambili kwinto ethile (umz., impumlo kagqirha). Ungacelwa ukuba uvale iliso elinye. Emva koko, ngelixa ujonge phambili, bayakubuza ukuba kukho into oyibonayo na ekhoneni leso sakho.

Ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa umatshini kule ndlela. Kwindlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Automated static perimetry", kufuneka ujonge umatshini uze uchonge "izibane" eziwubonayo. Kwenye indlela, kufuneka ujonge ipateni yemigca uze ubone ukuba kukho na ukufiphala okanye izithuba.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo lweglaucoma?

Kukho izinto ezithile onokufuna ukuziqaphela emva kovavanyo. Umzekelo, umbono wakho usenokuba luzizi kancinci. Kungumbono olungileyo ukuba nomntu akukhaphe uye ekhaya. Ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho ngokuvuleka, kuya kufuneka unxibe iiglasi zelanga ukukhusela amehlo akho ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo kunye nemitha ye-UV. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela okungakumbi ngale nto.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi kwezi mvavanyo?

Uvavanyo lweGlaucoma luhlala lukhuselekile kwaye alunazo naziphi na iingozi ezinkulu. Emva kovavanyo, umbono wakho usenokuba lufiphale okanye ube novelwano ekukhanyeni. Kodwa oku kuya kuphucuka kancinci ngokuhamba kosuku.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo zovavanyo?

Iziphumo zovavanyo lweglaucoma ezininzi zinokwaziwa ngosuku olunye, ngaxeshanye.

Zithetha ukuthini iziphumo zovavanyo lweglaucoma?

Ingcali yakho yamehlo iza kuxoxa nawe ngeziphumo zovavanyo ize ikuchazele ukuba zithetha ukuthini. Ugqirha wakho uza kuqwalasela iziphumo zazo zonke iimvavanyo aze agqibe ukuba usemngciphekweni wokuba ne-glaucoma, nokuba unesifo, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo.

Ukuba iziphumo zingaphaya komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo, isenokuba yiglaucoma, okanye ingaba luphawu lokuba kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo. Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zingabandakanya:

• I-Gonioscopy: Ukuncitshiswa okanye ukuvaleka komjelo wokukhupha amanzi elisweni.
• I-Pachymetry: Ukuncitshiswa kwe-cornea (oku kwandisa umngcipheko we-primary open-angle glaucoma).
• Uvavanyo lwamehlo oluvulekileyo: Ubungakanani okanye imilo engaqhelekanga yemithambo yegazi ngaphakathi kweliso.
• Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwamehlo: Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kweso lungaphezulu kwe-22 millimeters yemercury (22 mmHg).
• Ukufotwa kwe-optic nerve: Izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nokudumba kunye nokwelula kwe-optic nerve okanye amaqhuqhuva e-retina.
• Uvavanyo lwentsimi yokubona: Ezinye iindawo zokubona zibonakala zingenanto okanye zingacacanga.

Kuthekani ukuba ndine-glaucoma?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukucebisa ngento omawuyenze ngokulandelayo. Angakuxelela ukuba uqhubeke nokuhlolwa amehlo akho rhoqo. Okanye angakuxelela ukuba uqale unyango lwe-glaucoma. Unyango lungabandakanya:

• Amayeza okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwamehlo: Amaconsi okanye iipilisi zamehlo.
• Utyando: Utyando lokudala umngxuma omtsha wokukhupha ulwelo olugqithisileyo elisweni, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwamehlo.
• Utyando lokubopha iityhubhu: Iityhubhu ezincinci zifakwa esweni ukuze kususwe ulwelo olugqithisileyo.
• Unyango lweLaser: Imitha yeLaser isetyenziselwa ukunceda ukuphuma kolwelo.

Uphila njani nokulahlekelwa yimbono?

Ukuba i-glaucoma ifunyenwe kwangethuba, inokulawulwa kwaye inyangwe. Ukongeza kunyango olunikwa ngugqirha wakho, kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukukunceda ujongane nokulahlekelwa kwakho kukubona. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale ngxaki.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-glaucoma sisifo esinokuvela ngaphandle kokubonisa zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo ukuze kufunyanwe esi sifo ngaphambi kokuba sibangele ukulahleka kokubona.

Umyalezo Omele Uwuthathe Uhambe Nawo Ekhaya (Izinto Omele Uzikhumbule)

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu ngovavanyo lwe-glaucoma namhlanje. Ngamafutshane, olu vavanyo lunokubonisa ukuba i-optic nerve yakho yonakele kwaye iyayichaphazela indlela obona ngayo. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokwenza uvavanyo olunye okanye ngaphezulu ukujonga i-glaucoma. Emva koko uya kunika unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ungalibali ukuba i-glaucoma inokuvela ngaphandle kweempawu kwasekuqaleni. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo ukuze ugcine amehlo akho esempilweni, ingakumbi ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko. Emva koko, ukuba kukho ingxaki, inokuchongwa kwaye inyangwe ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukulahleka kokubona. Luxanduva lwakho ukukhusela amehlo akho!

I- Glaucoma, Uxinzelelo Lwamehlo, Uvavanyo Lwamehlo, Ukulahleka Kokubona, I-Optic Nerve, Ingcali Yamehlo, I-Glaucoma, Uxinzelelo Lwamehlo, Ukulahleka Kokubona, I-Optic Nerve