Yintoni kanye kanye i-staging yomhlaza? Bukela oku ukuze uqonde ukuba oogqirha bathini!

Uninzi lwethu luyoyika xa sisiva igama elithi umhlaza, akunjalo? Liqhelekile kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, xa oogqirha bethetha ngenqanaba lomhlaza baze basebenzise oonobumba namanani anjalo, kukwenza uzibuze, 'Kuthetha ukuthini oku?' Mhlawumbi ukhe waziva ngendlela efanayo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje, kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni inqanaba lomhlaza, indlela oogqirha abawuchonga ngayo, kunye nendlela oluchaphazela ngayo unyango lwakho.

Kutheni oogqirha bekhangela amathuba okuba nomhlaza kangaka?

Khawuthelekelele, xa unomkhuhlane, ugqirha uqala ngokujonga ukuba kutheni unomkhuhlane kwaye unzima kangakanani. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukunika nje i-paracetamol akuyi kunceda. Kuyafana nangomhlaza. Umhlaza sisifo esintsonkothileyo kakhulu. Indlela okhula ngayo kwaye usasazeka ngayo yahlukile kumntu ngamnye. Ngoko ke, iqela loogqirha liyahlangana ukuze ligqibe ngonyango olungcono kuwe. Xa besazi inqanaba lomhlaza, bonke banokuba nombono ocacileyo ngemeko yakho. Kufana nokuba wonke umntu uthetha ulwimi olufanayo.

Enye into kukuba unyango lomhlaza luyatshintsha imihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, xa inkqubo yokumisela inqanaba lomhlaza igqityiwe, ayitshintshi kangako. Ke ngoko, nokuba kuphuma unyango olutsha, inqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza wakho lisisiseko sonyango lwakho oluya phambili.

Rhoqo, into yokuqala umntu onomhlaza afuna ukuyazi kukuba, 'Yintoni elandelayo kum? Ngaba oku kuya kunyangeka?' Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-prognosis . Xa oogqirha besazi inqanaba lomhlaza, banokulithelekisa namava ezigulana ezazine-cancer efanayo ngaphambili baze bakunike izimvo ezithile.

Kwakhona, la mathuba abaluleke kakhulu kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi kunye nophando lokufumana amayeza amatsha omhlaza kunye nonyango. Ezinye izifundo zisebenzisa kuphela abantu abanohlobo olufanayo lomhlaza ngaxeshanye. Ngoko ke ukuba unomdla wokuthatha inxaxheba kolu phando, inqanaba lakho lomhlaza liya kugqiba ukuba ungakhethwa na okanye akunjalo.

Inqanaba lalo mhlaza lichongwa njani?

Oogqirha baqwalasela izinto ezibalulekileyo xa bemisela inqanaba lomhlaza:

• Ubungakanani bethumba kunye nendlela elikhula ngayo.
• Indawo yethumba.
• Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwendawo owaqala kuyo.

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumana ezi zinto. Masibone ukuba ziyintoni na.

Amatyala omhlaza: ngokobukhulu bethumba kunye nokukhula kwalo

Kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza, oogqirha basebenzisa inkqubo yamanani ukubaxelela ukuba ingakanani na into eza kwenzeka. Ngamafutshane, kunje:

• Umhlaza weSigaba 0: Kulapho kukho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga, kodwa azisasazekanga ngaphaya kwendawo eziqale kuyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza . Kwiimeko ezininzi, umhlaza weSigaba 0 unokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo.Khawucinge ngesityalo esincinci esisesembizeni encinci, esingenazo iingcambu okwangoku.
• Inqanaba loku-1 (Umhlaza wenqanaba loku-1): Apha, umhlaza mncinci kwaye ukwindawo enye. Awukasasazeki kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane okanye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
• Inqanaba lesiBini (2) (Umhlaza weSigaba sesiBini): Ithumba likhule kancinci kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba lisasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane.
• Inqanaba lesi-3 (3) (Umhlaza wenqanaba lesi-3): Ithumba liye lakhula laza langena kwizicwili ezijikelezileyo. Kunokwenzeka ukuba lisasazeke nakwii-lymph nodes ezikufutshane.
• Inqanaba lesi-4 (4) (Umhlaza wenqanaba lesi-4): Eli lelona nqanaba linzima kakhulu. Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwendawo yokuqala kwaye usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza osasazekileyo . Ufana nesityalo esikhula sibe sikhulu, kwaye imbewu yaso ivuthuzwa ngumoya kwaye izityalo ezintsha zikhula kuyo yonke igadi.

Oogqirha abafane basebenzise uhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi -stage V (5) . Umzekelo omnye yi -Wilms tumor . Olu luhlobo lomhlaza wezintso olwenzeka ebantwaneni abancinci. I-Stage 5 Wilms tumor ithetha ukuba zombini izintso ziyachaphazeleka.

Ithetha ukuthini i-A, i-B, i-C, kunye ne-D kwiimeko zomhlaza?

Ngamanye amaxesha usenokuba ubabonile oogqirha bebhala iileta ezifana no-A, B, C, D kunye nenombolo. Umzekelo, ugqirha wakho womhlaza usenokuthi unomhlaza wesigaba se-IIA (2A), okanye umhlaza wesigaba se-IIIB (3B). Ezi leta zongeza iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nemeko yakho.

Ngamafutshane, unobumba u-A uthetha umhlaza osasazeka kancinci kancinci (Ungabi nolaka kakhulu) . Unobumba u-D uthetha umhlaza osasazeka ngokukhawuleza kancinci (Ube nolaka ngakumbi) ngaphakathi kwelo nani . Oko kuthetha ukuba, umhlaza we-IIA usasazeka kancinci kunomhlaza we-IIB. Kodwa umhlaza we-IIIA usasazeka ngokukhawuleza kunomhlaza we-IIB. Kuvakala ngathi kuyadida? Ungakuchaza oku xa uthetha nogqirha wakho.

Amatyala omhlaza: kuxhomekeke kwindawo

Oogqirha bathetha ngamathuba axhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza ukuphi:

• Kwimeko: Oku kufana nomhlaza wesigaba 0 esithethe ngawo ngaphambili. Kukho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezinomhlaza, kodwa azikasasazeka.
• Ezifumaneka kwindawo ethile: Kukho iiseli zomhlaza, kodwa azisasazekanga ngaphaya kwethumba eliphambili.
• Ingingqi: Iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke ukusuka kwithumba lokuqala ukuya kwizicubu ezikufutshane, ii-lymph nodes, okanye amalungu omzimba.
• Kude: Iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ezikude nethumba lokuqala.
• Akwaziwa: Ngamanye amaxesha akukho lwazi lwaneleyo lokuchaza ngokuchanekileyo inqanaba lomhlaza. Kwimeko enjalo, ibizwa ngolu hlobo.

Ukucwangcisa iTNM (Ukucwangcisa iTNM)

Le yinkqubo ye-TNM.Yindlela eqhelekileyo oogqirha abayisebenzisayo ukuchaza ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani.

• T (Ithumba eliphambili): Oku kubhekisa kubungakanani bethumba eliphambili kunye nokuba lisasazeke kangakanani kwizicubu ezikufutshane.
• N (Node): Oku kukuxelela ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane , kwaye ukuba kunjalo, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elingakanani.
• M (Metastasis): Oku kubhekisa kwi- metastasis . Oko kukuthi, nokuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwezinye iindawo ezikude zomzimba.

Inkqubo ye-TNM ingasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa inqanaba lee -tumors eziqinileyo, ezifana nomhlaza webele kunye nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ayisetyenziselwa umhlaza wegazi, njenge -leukemia okanye i-lymphoma .

Kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, oogqirha basebenzisa nezinye iinkqubo ezithile zokulinganisa. Umzekelo yinkqubo yeLugano, esetyenziselwa iHodgkin lymphoma kunye ne-non-Hodgkin lymphoma . Omnye umzekelo yinkqubo yeFIGO , esetyenziselwa ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zenkqubo yokuzala yabasetyhini.

Ungabuza ugqirha wakho we-oncologist ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo yokulinganisa ayisebenzisayo kumhlaza wakho. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba uqonde ngcono imeko yakho.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyaniswe umhlaza?

Ukongeza ekwenzeni uvavanyo lomzimba, oogqirha benza nezinye iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo ukuze babone inqanaba lomhlaza. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan): Olu vavanyo lunceda oogqirha bafumane izinto ezifana namanqanaba okuqala omhlaza kunye nendawo enesimila .
• I-PET scan (i-Positron Emission Tomography - i-PET scan): Olu vavanyo lungasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba.
• I-Endoscopy: Oku kuquka ukudlulisa isixhobo esincinci esifana netyhubhu kwisitho esingenanto (umzekelo, isisu okanye amathumbu) ukuze sihlolwe iimpawu zomhlaza.
• I-Biopsy: Usenokuba ukhe weva ngale nto. Kuthathwa isampuli yethishu ize ihlolwe ukuze kufunyanwe okungakumbi ngomhlaza. Olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lomhlaza: Ngamanye amaxesha, izinto ezibizwa ngokuba ziimpawu zethumba egazini zinokunika umbono wobukhulu bethumba okanye ubungakanani bomhlaza emzimbeni.

Ugqirha uza kugqiba inqanaba lomhlaza wakho ngokusekelwe kulwazi oluqokelelwe kuzo zonke ezi mvavanyo.

Ngaba umngcipheko wam womhlaza ungatshintsha kamva?

Le yingxaki kubantu abaninzi. Usenokucinga ukuba mhlawumbi ukuba umhlaza usasazeka, nokuba unokuba ngcono kamva, loo meko yokuqala iya kutshintsha. Kodwa akunjalo ngokwenene.

Ngamafutshane, ukuba ufunyenwe okokuqala unomhlaza wesigaba sesiBini (2), uya kuhlala unomhlaza wesigaba sesiBini (2). Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha basebenzisa amagama ongezelelweyo ukuchaza utshintsho lwesigaba.

• Umzekelo, ukuba loo mhlaza wesigaba sesiBini (2) kamva usasazeka kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba, oogqirha bangayibiza ngokuba 'ngumhlaza wesigaba sesiBini one-metastasis' , kungekhona umhlaza wesigaba sesi-IV (4). Uyifumene?
• Kwakhona, ukuba akukho zimpawu zomhlaza ezifumanekayo emva konyango, oko kubizwa ngokuba 'kukukhululwa ngokupheleleyo' okanye 'akukho bungqina besifo' (NED) .

Ukuphila nomhlaza kunokuba ngamava anzima kakhulu. Kuyaqondakala ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye ungaqinisekanga xa ubona uxilongo olunoonobumba namanani anje. Kodwa uqikelelo lomhlaza alupheleli nje kwiileta namanani ambalwa. Oogqirha basebenzisa la manani ukucwangcisa unyango olungcono kuwe, basebenzisane nabanye oogqirha, kwaye bakunike uqikelelo. Ugqirha wakho ukhona ukukunceda. Mbuze nayiphi na imibuzo onayo malunga noqikelelo lwakho lomhlaza.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kweli nqaku? (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Kulungile, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• Ukujonga umhlaza ngendlela yokulinganisa ukuba ungakanani kwaye ungakanani umhlaza emzimbeni wakho. Oku kunceda oogqirha ukuba bakhethe unyango olulungele wena .
• Ukulinganisa inqanaba lomhlaza kuxhomekeka kubungakanani bethumba, indawo elikuyo, kunye nokuba lisasazeke na . Iindlela ezifana ne-TNM ziyasetyenziswa koku.
• Amanqanaba anombolo 0, I, II, III, IV. Oonobumba u-A, B, C, kunye no-D ngamanye amaxesha bongezwa ukunika iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
• Oku kunokwenzeka kubonwa ngovavanyo olufana ne -CT scan, i-PET scan, kunye ne-biopsy .
• Into ebalulekileyo kukuba inqanaba lomhlaza elifunyenwe ekuqaleni alitshintshi kamva. Ukuba imeko iyatshintsha, ichazwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
• Ukuba unemibuzo malunga noku, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Nguye umntu ofanelekileyo ukukuchazela yonke into.

Khumbula, umhlaza lidabi. Ukuze ujongane nelo dabi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uluqonde ngokupheleleyo utshaba lwakho, oluyi-cancer. Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda ngaloo nto.

Amatyala omhlaza , Ukulinganiswa komhlaza, Umhlaza, Unyango lomhlaza, i-TNM, Ukuxilongwa komhlaza, i-Metastasis