Masifunde nge-leukemia engaqhelekanga ekhula egazini? (I-Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia - LGL)

Ngaba wakha weva ngohlobo olungaqhelekanga, kodwa olungaqhelekanga lwe-leukemia oluvela egazini? Mhlawumbi wakha weva ngomhlobo onalo. Okanye mhlawumbi wakha weva ngalo waza wazibuza ngalo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenye ye-leukemia engaqhelekanga, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Ibizwa ngokuba yi -Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia (LGL). Eli gama lisenokuvakala lide kancinci, kodwa masiligcine lilula.

Ithetha ukuthini ngokwenene i-LGL?

Ngamafutshane, i-LGL luhlobo lwe-leukemia olukhula kancinci emzimbeni, oluhlala ixesha elide (oko kuthetha ukuba luhlala ixesha elide). Luchaphazela uhlobo olukhethekileyo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi egazini lethu. Ezi seli sizibiza ngokuba zii-lymphocytes . Ubusazi na ukuba ii-lymphocytes ziyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Zifana namajoni emkhosini wethu. Zilwa neentsholongwane ezifana neentsholongwane ezingena emizimbeni yethu, kwaye zizo ezenza ii-antibodies ezisikhusela kwizifo.

Ngoko ke, kwi-LGL, okwenzekayo kukuba ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-lymphocyte cells, ingakumbi iintlobo ezimbini zeeseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-Cytotoxic T cells okanye ii -Natural Killer cells (NK cells), zitshintsha ngendlela engaqhelekanga ngesizathu esithile kwaye ziqale ukwahlukana nokuphindaphinda ngokungalawulekiyo. Ezi seli ezingaqhelekanga zibizwa ngokuba zii-LGL cells.

Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-LGL, idla ngokukhula kancinci kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-chronic leukemia. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala. Oogqirha banokunyanga i-LGL. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha le meko inokubuya, kwaye ingaba yingxaki yempilo yexesha elide.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-LGL:

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zale meko ye-LGL ezichongiweyo. Nazi:

1. I-T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGL)

2. Isifo esingapheliyo se-lymphoproliferative kwiiseli ze-NK (CLPD-NK)

Kuzo zombini iimeko, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, okwenzekayo kukuba ii-T cells okanye ii-NK cells ziba zizinto ezingaqhelekanga.

Le meko iyichaphazela njani imizimba yethu?

Usenokuba uzibuza ukuba esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi-LGL sinefuthe elinjani emizimbeni yethu. Kaloku, ekubeni olu luhlobo lwe-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, ezo seli ze-LGL ezingaqhelekanga ziya kumongo wethambo kwaye ziphazamise ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi eziqhelekileyo apho. Kufana nesityalo esibi esingena size sithathe indawo yesityalo esilungileyo.

Oku kunokubangela iingxaki ezimbini eziphambili:

• I-Neutropenia : Oku kukuncipha kwenani lee-granulocytes emzimbeni wethu.Ukwehla kwenani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (iigranulocytes) (uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi). Xa ezi seli zincipha, amandla omzimba wethu okulwa nezifo, okanye amasosha omzimba, ayancipha. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wosulelo oluqhelekileyo.
• I-anemia : Usenokuba ukhe weva ngale nto. I-anemia kuxa umzimba ulahlekelwa sisixa esifunekayo seeseli ezibomvu zegazi eziphilileyo. Le meko inokwenzeka kuba iiseli ze-LGL zikwachaphazela ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Xa kuvela i-anemia, uziva udiniwe kwaye udiniwe kakhulu.

Ngubani onokuthi afumane esi sifo?

I-LGL sisifo esingaqhelekanga ngokwenene. Ukuba ujonga kwihlabathi liphela, esi sifo sixelwa kubantu abamalunga nesigidi. Oko kuthetha ukuba kwilizwe elifana neSri Lanka, aba baguli basenokuba bambalwa kakhulu. Uninzi lwexesha, xa esi sifo sifunyaniswa, abaguli bakwiminyaka yabo engama-60.

Zithini iimpawu? Siyiqonda njani le nto?

Nantsi into emangazayo kancinci. Abanye abantu abane-LGL banokuphila iminyaka emininzi bengenazo iimpawu . Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba malunga nesithathu sabantu abane-LGL babengenazo iimpawu konke konke xa befunyaniswa ukuba banazo. Bafumanise ukuba banazo kuphela xa uvavanyo lwegazi ngesizathu esithile lubonisa inani eliphantsi kakhulu leeseli ezibomvu zegazi okanye inani eliphantsi leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neutrophils.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo abantu abafumana iimpawu abanokuzibona:

• Ukudinwa kakhulu nokudinwa : Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo lwe-LGL. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kungenxa ye-anemia ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.
• Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kunye nosulelo oluphindaphindayo : Usulelo lweebhaktheriya lunokubangela umkhuhlane. Oku kungenxa yokuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ayisebenzi kakuhle.
• I-Splenomegaly: Oku kukwanda kwe- spleen, ilungu elisemzimbeni wethu. Oku kunokubangelwa zizifo kunye neentlobo ezithile ze-anemia.

Khumbula, ukuba nezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba une-LGL. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zezinye izifo ezininzi. Ke ngoko, ukuba uhlangabezana nento efana nale, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha kwaye ufumane ingcebiso.

Ngaba kukho ezinye iimeko ezinxulumene ne-LGL?

Ewe, abantu abaninzi abane-LGL bafunyenwe benezinye izifo ezichaphazela amasosha omzimba . Oko kukuthi, iimeko apho amasosha omzimba wethu ahlasela iiseli zethu eziphilileyo. Phakathi kwezi, i-rheumatoid arthritis yeyona ixhaphakileyo.

Ukongeza, ezinye iimeko ezininzi zinokunxulunyaniswa ne-LGL:

• I-anemia : Sikhe sathetha ngale nto ngaphambili. Abanye abantu baba ne-anemia enzima kwaye badinga utofelo-gazi ukuze bagcine amanqanaba abo eeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Abanye abantu abane-LGLUhlobo lwe-anemia olubizwa ngokuba yi-hemolytic anemia nalo lunokukhula. Kwimeko enjalo, endaweni yokunciphisa ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezikhoyo ziyatshatyalaliswa.
• I-Lymphocytosis : Oku kukwanda kwenani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-lymphocytes egazini. Oku kunyuka kwe-lymphocytes kudla ngokubonwa kubantu abane-lymphocytic leukemias, ii-lymphomas, okanye usulelo lwentsholongwane.

Yintoni unobangela wokwenene we-LGL?

Le yinto oogqirha abasayiqondi ngokupheleleyo. Isizathu esichanekileyo se-LGL asikaziwa okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, bakholelwa ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwesi simo se-leukemia kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba, izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.

• Malunga nama-30% abantu abane-LGL banezinye izifo ezichaphazela amasosha omzimba, ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis.
• Abanye abangama -25% ukuya kuma-30% basenokuba nolunye uhlobo lwe-lymphoma okanye olunye uhlobo lomhlaza.
• Kwakhona, abantu abaninzi abane-LGL banotshintsho kwiijini zabo. Ngokukodwa, kukho utshintsho kwiijini ezimbini ezibizwa ngokuba yi-STAT3 kunye ne -STAT5B . Ezi jini zimbini zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuselekeni kweeseli kunye nendlela iiseli ezahlukana kwaye ziphindaphindeka ngayo.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le sifo?

Oogqirha basebenzisa kakhulu uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nohlalutyo lwemfuza ukuze bafumanise i-LGL. Nazi ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziwa rhoqo:

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC) olunomahluko : Oku kubala zonke iintlobo zeeseli egazini lakho, ingakumbi ukuba zingaphi kuhlobo ngalunye lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi onazo.
• I-smear yegazi engaphandle : Oku kuquka ukujonga isampuli yegazi phantsi kwemakroskopu nokubala inani leeseli ze-LGL egazini.
• I-Flow cytometry : Olu luvavanyo lwelebhu olusetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya iimpawu zeeseli. Olu vavanyo ludla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuchonga nokwahlula iintlobo ze-leukemia.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Immunophenotyping : Oku kuquka ukuthatha iisampulu zegazi okanye zezicubu uze uzihlole ukuze ubone iimpawu ezithile kumphezulu weeseli. Ezi zimpawu zingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga iintlobo ezithile zezifo.
• Uhlalutyo lokulungiswa kwezakhi zofuzo lwe-T-cell receptor (TCR) : Oku kuthatha isampuli yegazi okanye umongo wethambo kwaye kujonge naziphi na iingxaki ngeezakhi zofuzo ezilawula indlela ezisebenza ngayo ii-T-cells.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza : Ungavavanya notshintsho kwiimfuza ze-STAT3 kunye ne-STAT5B ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili.

Ukongeza kwezi mvavanyo, i-immunodeficiencyEzinye iimvavanyo, ezifana nokuhlolwa komongo wethambo, zinokwenziwa ukuze kuthintelwe ezinye iimeko ezifana nokungakhuseleki kwamasosha omzimba, isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuba yi-rheumatoid arthritis, i-myelodysplasia , kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-myeloid . Amanqanaba e-immunoglobulin kunye namanqanaba e-monoclonal protein nawo anokuhlolwa.

Iphathwa njani i-LGL?

Masithi une-leukemia ye-T-LGL okanye ye-CLPD-NK, kodwa awunazo iimpawu . Kwimeko enjalo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa icebo elibizwa ngokuba "kukulinda ngononophelo." Oku kubandakanya ukujonga impilo yakho rhoqo. Ngokwesiqhelo, uya kuvavanywa igazi rhoqo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuze ubone ukuba iimpawu ziyavela na.

Kwabo baneempawu, unyango olucinezela amajoni omzimba kunye nee-steroids zinokunikwa. Oogqirha bangaqala unyango olunye emva kolunye, okanye bangaqala unyango olungenamandla aneleyo. Ngenxa yokuba i-LGL sisifo esingaqhelekanga, uninzi lwabantu lufuna ugqirha okhethekileyo kwesi sifo.

Asinakunciphisa na ukwanda kwesi sifo?

Ngelishwa, hayi, asinakukwazi. Oogqirha abasazi ukuba yintoni ebangela oku. Ngoko ke, kunzima ukutsho ukuba bangakuthintela njani. Nangona kunjalo, kufunyenwe ukuba abantu abanezifo zokuzikhusela komzimba basengozini enkulu yokufumana le meko. Ngoko ke, ukuba unesinye sezi zifo zokuzikhusela komzimba, kulungile ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufuneka ukhathazeke ngeLGL.

Ngaba i-LGL sisifo esibulalayo?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-LGL sisifo esingapheliyo, asikokufa ngequbuliso . Malunga nama-75% abantu abane-T-LGL leukemia kunye ne-CLPD-LGL leukemia baphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba banayo. Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-10% yabantu abanezi ntlobo ze-leukemia bafa ngenxa yezifo ezinzulu ezinokubakho njengengxaki ye-leukemia. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane.

Ndingazinyamekela njani? Ndingaphila njani nale meko?

Ukuba une-LGL, usenokungabi nazimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukunyamekela impilo yakho iyonke, kuquka nokuya kuhlolwa rhoqo . Nokuba uneempawu okanye awunazo, ezi ngcebiso zinokukunceda:

• Yitya ukutya okunempilo : Yitya inyama engenamafutha amaninzi, intlanzi, iziqhamo, imifuno kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo.
• Zilolonge rhoqo : Khetha umthambo oziva ulungile kwaye ufanelekile kuwe.
• Lala kakuhle : Ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Lawula uxinzelelo.: Yenza izinto ezikwenza wonwabe, camngca, yenza i-yoga.
• Khusela amasosha omzimba wakho : Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokugonywa kunye nezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuthintela usulelo. Nezinto ezilula ezifana nokuhlamba izandla zakho ngesepha kunye nokuhlala kude neendawo ezinabantu abaninzi zinokunceda.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo xa unesi sifo?

Ngokubanzi, abantu abanyangwa nge-LGL badla ngokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo . Banokuphila ixesha elide njengomntu ongenaso esi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba abanye abantu abane-LGL basenokuba sele benezifo zegazi ezinzulu ezichaphazela umgangatho wobomi babo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba imeko yakho isenokuba mandundu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho. Ukuba sele unyangwa iimpawu, kuya kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngazo naziphi na utshintsho olubonayo emzimbeni wakho (umzekelo, iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu).

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha?

Ekubeni i-LGL sisifo esingaqhelekanga, kuqhelekile ukuba nemibuzo emininzi ngaso. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo esinethemba lokuba ziya kukunceda ufunde ngakumbi nge-LGL:

• Luhlobo luni lweLGL endinalo?
• Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
• Ngaba ndiza kufuna unyango olungaphezu kolunye?
• Ndiziva ndiphilile kakhulu ngoku. Ngaba ndiza kuba neempawu?
• Ndinezinye izifo. Ngaba i-LGL iya kuzenza zibe mandundu?

Ungaze woyike ukubuza imibuzo efana nale. Ugqirha wakho ukhona ukukunceda. Bazimisele ukukuchazela yonke into ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

I-Large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGL) ngumhlaza wegazi ongaqhelekanga ochaphazela iiseli zakho ezimhlophe zegazi. Nokuba unale meko, usenokungaluboni naluphi na utshintsho emzimbeni wakho olunokuba ziimpawu ze-LGL. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu zisenokungabonakali iminyaka.

Oogqirha abanakukwazi ukuyinyanga ngokupheleleyo le meko. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango olunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu zayo. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive wothukile kwaye usoyika xa usiva ukuba unesifo esinganyangekiyo . Oogqirha bakho baya kuqonda ukuba kutheni uvakalelwa ngaloo ndlela.

Baza kukuvuyela ukukuchazela into onokuyenza ukuze unyamekele impilo yakho ngoku, kunye nento omawuyilindele xa kuvela iimpawu. Ukwazi into omawuyilindele kwixesha elizayo kuya kukunika ukuzithemba okukhulu kunye namandla okuphila ne-LGL. Ngoko ke, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo yonke imibuzo onayo. Fumana ulwazi. Leyo yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza ngexesha elinje.

"I-LGL leukemia, umhlaza wegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ii-lymphocytes, i-neutropenia, i-anemia, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela