Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ezizisa igazi ezintliziyweni zethu: Konke malunga neVena Cava!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba igazi elisemzimbeni wethu lifikelela njani entliziyweni lize libuyele emzimbeni wonke? Yinkqubo emangalisayo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lomthambo omkhulu onceda kulo msebenzi. Ubizwa ngokuba yiVena Cava . Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngayo ngaphambili. Makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni, yintoni eyenzayo, kunye neengxaki enokuzibangela.

Yintoni iVena Cava?

Ngamafutshane, iVena Cava yimithambo emibini emikhulu kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Iqokelela igazi elisetyenzisiweyo, elingenaoksijini kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wethu ize ilibuyisele kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo. Cinga ngayo njengemithambo emibini ephambili ebuyisela igazi elisetyenzisiweyo entliziyweni ukuze licocwe.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeVena Cava:

1. I-Superior Vena Cava (SVC): Le ithwala igazi elingenaoksijini ukusuka kwinxalenye ephezulu yomzimba wethu, oko kukuthi, kwiindawo ezingaphezulu kwesifuba (ngaphezulu kwe-diaphragm) (umzekelo, intloko, intamo, neengalo), ibuyele entliziyweni. Lo ngumthambo wesibini ngobukhulu emzimbeni wethu.

2. I-Inferior Vena Cava (IVC): Le yeyona vein inkulu emzimbeni wethu. Ithwala igazi elingenaoksijini lisuka kwiindawo ezisezantsi zomzimba wethu, oko kukuthi, kwiindawo ezingaphantsi kwesifuba (ngaphantsi kwe-diaphragm) (umzekelo, imilenze, amalungu esisu) ukuya entliziyweni.

Cinga ngayo njengendlela yebhasi. Imithambo emincinci evela kwiindawo ezisezantsi zomzimba wethu (njengezintso, isibindi, kunye ne-spleen) ifana neebhasi ezisemgceni wedolophu. Lonke igazi elingenaoksijini elivela kwezi bhasi lidibana kwibhasi enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-inferior vena cava (IVC) . Loo bhasi yiyo ethwala eli gazi liye entliziyweni.

Kwakhona, imithambo yegazi evela kwiindawo eziphezulu zomzimba wethu (umz., esifubeni esingaphezulu, umqolo ongasentla) ifana neebhasi ezikwi-Uptown Line. Igazi elingenaoksijini elivela kwezi bhasi lijoyina ibhasi enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yiSuperior Vena Cava (SVC) . Loo nto iya entliziyweni. Intliziyo yindawo ephambili, okanye indawo ekuyiwa kuyo, apho igazi elingenaoksijini elivela kuzo zonke ezi migca, edolophini nasentlango, lidibana khona. Uyaqonda?

Kwenzeka ntoni kanye kanye kwiVena Cava?

Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu we-vena cava ephezulu (SVC) kunye ne-vena cava engaphantsi (IVC) kukuthwala igazi eliphelelwe yioksijini ukuya kwi-atrium yasekunene yentliziyo yethu. Ukusuka apho, elo gazi liya kwi-ventricle yasekunene yentliziyo. Emva koko, ukusuka kwi-ventricle yasekunene, eli gazi lithunyelwa emiphungeni nge -pulmonary artery .

Imiphunga kulapho kususwa khona ikharbon diokside egazini kwaye kongezwa ioksijini entsha egazini. Kufana nokuhlaziya igazi. Igazi elitsha elineoksijini emva koko libuyiselwa kwi-atrium yasekhohlo yentliziyo ngemithambo yemiphunga .Ukusuka apho, igazi liya kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo , kwaye ukusuka apho, lisasazwa emzimbeni wonke nge -aorta . Jonga indlela eyinkimbinkimbi ngayo, kodwa ecwangciswe kakuhle ngayo le nkqubo!

Iphi iVena Cava?

Le mithambo mibini mikhulu, i-inferior vena cava (IVC) kunye ne-superior vena cava (SVC), zombini zikwicala lasekunene lentliziyo yethu .

Imithambo yethu yasekunene neyasekhohlo engabonakaliyo (ekwabizwa ngokuba yimithambo ye-brachiocephalic ) iyadibana ukuze yenze i-vena cava ephezulu (SVC) . Le SVC ikwicala lasekunene le-sternum , ithambo eliphakathi kwesifuba sethu. Iqhagamshelana ngqo ne-atrium yasekunene yentliziyo.

I-vena cava engaphantsi (IVC) inde kancinci. Iqala esiswini sethu, apho imithambo ye-iliac eqhelekileyo yasekunene neyasekhohlo idibana khona. Ukusuka apho, iya phezulu ukuya kwi-atrium yasekunene yentliziyo.

Ijongeka njani iVena Cava? Ingakanani inkulu?

I-vena cava ephezulu (i-SVC) ngumthambo omkhulu ongenazo iivalvu ngaphakathi kuwo.

I-vena cava engaphantsi (IVC) nayo ngumthambo omkhulu, omde, kodwa inevalvu enye apho iqhagamshela khona kwi-atrium yasekunene yentliziyo.

Le yeyona mithambo mikhulu emzimbeni wethu.

• I-vena cava ephezulu (SVC) imalunga neesentimitha ezi-7 (phantse iisentimitha ezi-3) ubude kwaye imalunga neesentimitha ezi-2 (ngaphantsi kwe-intshi enye) ububanzi.
• I-inferior vena cava (IVC) imalunga ne-100 millimeters (malunga ne-4 intshi) ubude kwaye imalunga ne-22 millimeters (phantse i-intshi enye) ububanzi.

Zenziwe ngantoni ezi zinto?

I-vena cava ephezulu (SVC) kunye ne-vena cava engaphantsi (IVC) zenziwe ngokuyintloko zezi:

• Iiseli ze-Endothelial: Ezi zinceda ukutshintshiselana izondlo nezicubu.
• Izicwili ezinxibelelanayo: Ezi zibonelela ngenkxaso kwimithambo yegazi.
• Imicu yemithambo-luvo.
• Iifayibha ezithambileyo: Ezi zezona zinika imithambo yendalo yokuba yoluleke.
• Izicubu zemisipha.

Ziziphi iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela iVena Cava?

Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokubakho ukuphazamiseka kwi-vena cava ephezulu (SVC) okanye kwi-vena cava engaphantsi (IVC). Oku kuphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yiSuperior Vena Cava Syndrome okanye i-Inferior Vena Cava Syndrome , kuxhomekeke ekubeni leliphi na icala elivalekileyo.

Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zezi ngxaki:

• Ithumba: umzekeloUmhlaza wemiphunga , okanye olunye uhlobo lomhlaza, unokusasazeka kwaye ucinezele le mithambo.
• Amahlwili egazi: Ngamanye amaxesha amahlwili egazi anokwenziwa kwi-vena cava ephezulu kubantu abanee -catheters zemithambo ephakathi okanye ii-pacemakers .
• Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa: Oku kuthetha into engayilwanga kakuhle xa isesesibelekweni.

Zithini iimpawu zengxaki ngeVena Cava?

Xa i-vena cava ephezulu (SVC) okanye i-vena cava engaphantsi (IVC) icinezelwa yinto ethile, okanye xa ukuhamba kwegazi kuvaliwe ngaphakathi, iimpawu ezinje ngezi:

Iimpawu zeSuperior Vena Cava Syndrome (ukuvaleka okanye ukucinezelwa)

• Ukudumba komzimba ongaphezulu (ubuso, intamo, iingalo).
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo.
• I-Angina ( iintlungu zesifuba).

Iimpawu ezibangelwa kukuqhekeka kwegazi okanye ithumba kwi-vena cava ephezulu (SVC):

• Ukudumba emzimbeni ongaphezulu.
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo.

Iimpawu ze-blood clot kwi-inferior vena cava (IVC):

• Ukudumba kwemilenze.
• Umqolo obuhlungu.
• Ukutyeba kwakho.
• Intlungu ebuhlungu emilenzeni.

Iimpawu ezibangelwa yi-tumor kwi-inferior vena cava (IVC):

• Intlungu yesisu.
• Ukudumba kwemilenze.
• Ukuhla ukusinda.

Iimpawu ze-Inferior Vena Cava Syndrome (ukuvaleka okanye ukucinezelwa):

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi.
• Ukudumba emzimbeni ongezantsi.
• I-Tachycardia (ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza).

Kubalulekile: Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zezinye izifo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo yeVena Cava?

Ugqirha wakho uneemvavanyo ezininzi zokujonga imeko yeVena Cava. Ezinye zazo ziquka:

• I-X-ray yesifuba (esi sisetyenziselwa ukujonga i-vena cava ephezulu).
• I-Coronary angiography (oku kungajonga ne-vena cava ephezulu).
• Uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound.
• Uvavanyo lwe-CT Scan (CT - Computed Tomography).
• Uvavanyo lwe-MRI scan (MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging).
• I-venography yokwahlulahlula okanye i-phlebography (le yi-X-ray yemithambo, kodwa ayisasetyenziswa kakhulu).

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zeengxaki ezinxulumene neVena Cava?

Xa kunyangwa ingxaki nge-vena cava ephezulu (SVC) okanye i-vena cava engaphantsi (IVC), iindlela zonyango ezifanayo zihlala zisetyenziswa.

• Ii-diuretics ( amayeza anyusa ukuphuma komchamo) okanye ii-steroids zinokunikwa ukunyanga ukudumba.
• Ii-steroids , ii-thrombolytics (iziyobisi ezinyibilikisa amahlwili egazi), kunye ne -anticoagulants (iziyobisi ezithintela amahlwili egazi) zinokunikwa ukunyanga ukuvaleka okufana namahlwili egazi.
• Ihlwili legazi lingasuswa kusetyenziswa i-catheter .
• Ukuba umthambo unciphile (stenosis) ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwegazi, i-angioplasty (ukucinezela ukuvaleka kodonga lomthambo) inokwenziwa kwaye i-stent ( ityhubhu encinci yesinyithi) inokufakwa.
• Ukuba kukho ihlwili legazi okanye ithumba , utyando lwe-bypass lungenziwa.
• Ukuba kukho ithumba, lingasuswa ngotyando.
• Unyango lwe-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation lunokunikwa ukunyanga iithumba.

Kwakhona, ukuba une -Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) (imeko apho igazi liqhekeka khona emilenzeni) kwaye usengozini yokuba igazi liqhekeke ukusuka emilenzeni okanye entlafunweni ukuya emiphungeni (ebizwa ngokuba yi-pulmonary embolism (PE) , ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni afake isihluzo seVena Cava . Esi sihluzo sibamba amahlwili egazi size siwathintele ukuba angahambi aye emiphungeni.

Ungayigcina njani iVena Cava yakho isempilweni?

Njengeminye imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho, ungayinyamekela le Vena Cava.

• Yitya ukutya okunempilo okunamafutha aphantsi.
• Zilolonge rhoqo.
• Nciphisa uxinzelelo.
• Lawula iimeko ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu , i-cholesterol ephezulu, kunye nesifo seswekile .

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo

Ukuba uvalekile kwi-vena cava ephezulu (SVC) okanye kwi-inferior vena cava (IVC), ugqirha wakho uneendlela ezininzi zokuyinyanga. Thetha naye malunga nonyango olungcono kwimeko yakho. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukunike amayeza, thatha kanye njengoko kuyalelwe. Ukuba ukhe watyandwa okanye wanyangwa olunye unyango, qiniseka ukuba uyalugcina idinga likagqirha wakho ude uphile ngokupheleleyo. Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho!

I- Vena cava, intliziyo, ukujikeleza kwegazi, imithambo yegazi, igazi elingenaoksijini, i-vena cava ephezulu, i-vena cava engaphantsi