Ubuzazi ezi zinto malunga ne-plasma egazini lakho? Masithethe!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba igazi lakho lenziwe ngantoni kanye kanye? Sonke sivile ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha segazi lethu lulwelo? Elo candelo lilwelo libizwa ngokuba yiplasma . Yile nto ithwala zonke ezo seli emzimbeni. Kufana nokuba isikhephe asinakuhamba ngaphandle kwamanzi.

Ngoko ke, yintoni le plasma?

Ngamafutshane, iplasma yinxalenye engamanzi egazini lethu. Khawucinge ukuba igazi lethu lifana nesobho eyenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, kwaye iplasma yinxalenye engamanzi kuloo sobho. Oku kwenza malunga ne-55% yomthamo wegazi lethu lilonke. Ezinye iiseli zegazi - oko kukuthi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets - zixutywe kule plasma. Iplasma yiyo ethwala zonke ezi seli ziye kuzo zonke iikona zomzimba.

Ngoku jonga ukuba le plasma iqulethe ntoni. Uza kumangaliswa!

• Amanzi yeyona nto ininzi kakhulu - malunga ne-92%.
• Okulandelayo ziiproteni - malunga ne-7%. Phakathi kwezi kukho iiproteni ezibaluleke kakhulu ezifana nee-antibodies, izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi, i-albumin, kunye ne-fibrinogen.
• Enye i -1% zii-hormones, iivithamini, iityuwa, ii-enzymes, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo.

Ungayicinga into yokuba zingakanani izinto ezingaphakathi kweli qhekeza lincinci lolwelo?

I-plasma inika luphi uncedo emizimbeni yethu? Kutheni ibaluleke kangaka?

I-Plasma ayilomanzi nje amancinci. Inceda kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. I-Plasma ibalulekile kuthi ukuze siphile. Jonga into eyenzayo:

• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zithuthwa ziye emiphungeni: Kulapho iiseli ezibomvu zinokuthatha khona ioksijini zize zikhuphe ikharbon diokside. Njengeteksi.
• Igcina uxinzelelo lwegazi luvulekile: Yiyo le nto igcina imithambo yegazi ivulekile kwaye ukujikeleza kwegazi kuhamba kakuhle. Ukuba uxinzelelo luyehla, yingxaki enkulu leyo.
• Amanzi, iihomoni, izondlo, ii-electrolytes, kunye neeproteni zisasazwa apho zifuneka khona: lonke ilungu lomzimba alinakuphila ngaphandle kwezi zinto.
• Inceda ekulawuleni ubushushu bomzimba: Kungenxa yezinto ezinje ukuba sihlala kubushushu obufanayo.
• Ithwala iiseli zomzimba: Njengeqela lamapolisa elijongileyo. Ukuba kukho usulelo okanye intsholongwane kwenye indawo, yiplasma ethwala ezi seli ukuze ilwe nalo.
• Ibonelela ngeeproteni ezifunekayo ekudumbeni, ekujiyeni kwegazi, nasekuphilisweni kwamanxeba: Ukuba ufumana isilonda okanye ukwenzakala, ezi proteni zinceda ekumiseni ukopha kwaye ziphilise inxeba.
• Inkunkuma engafunekiyo ithwalwa iye esibindini okanye ezintsoni: kulapho le nkunkuma isuswa khona emzimbeni. Njengelori yenkunkuma.

Cinga ngayo, iplasma ifana nomlambo. Yonke into ethwalwa kuyo ifana neenqanawa. Ngoku, ukuba inqanaba lamanzi kulo mlambo liyancipha, oko kukuthi, ukuba ubungakanani beplasma buyancipha, ezo nqanawa - oko kukuthi, izinto ezibalulekileyo - aziyi kukwazi ukuya kwiindawo ekufuneka ziye kuzo. Kulapho ke iingxaki ziqala khona.

Yenziwa njani iplasma? Ivela phi le plasma?

I-plasma ayiveli kumthombo omnye. Yenziwe ngamanzi esiwaselayo, ukutya esikutyayo, kunye nee-electrolytes esizifunxayo kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iiproteni ezibalulekileyo ezenza i-plasma zivela kumalungu athile. Umzekelo:

• Umongo wakho wethambo
• Iiseli zegazi ezindala, ezifayo
• Isibindi
• Ispleen

Iplasma yenziwa xa ezi proteni zidibana nolwelo oluqulethe ii-electrolytes.

Ngowuphi umbala weplasma? Ibonakala njani?

Xa sahlula iplasma kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets, ibonakala njengolwelo olumthubi okhanyayo, olunombala westraw .

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo esithile, sinokutshintsha indlela ebekwe ngayo i-plasma yakho kwaye sibangele ukuba itshintshe umbala. Umzekelo:

• Ukuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi ziyaqhekeka (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-hemolysis) , i-plasma inokuba pinki.
• Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-bilirubin anyukile ngenxa yesifo sesibindi, nto leyo ebangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-jaundice , i-plasma inokutshintsha umbala ube luhlaza-mdaka.

Lingakanani ipesenti yegazi lethu eliyiplasma?

Ngokomyinge, malunga ne-55% yegazi lethu yi-plasma. Nangona kunjalo, eli nani linokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwisini sakho okanye naziphi na izifo onokuba nazo.

Iplasma yahlulwa njani egazini?

Kukho isixhobo esikhethekileyo esinokuhlukanisa izinto eziyinxalenye yegazi, kuquka neplasma. Sibizwa ngokuba yi-centrifuge . Lo matshini ujikeleza ityhubhu yovavanyo ezele ligazi ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinzima ziyatshona ziye ezantsi kwityhubhu yovavanyo. Iiplatelets kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi zihlala phezu kwazo njengomaleko omhlophe. Ngaphezulu kwaloo maleko umhlophe kukho iplasma.

Zeziphi iiproteni eziphambili ezikwiplasma?

I-plasma ineeproteni ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

I-Albumin

Le protein inceda ukugcina ulungelelwano phakathi kobuninzi bolwelo ngaphakathi kweeseli zethu kunye nobuninzi bolwelo olungaphandle kweeseli, olubizwa ngokuba yiplasma. Yiyo loo nto iplasma ingaphumi nje kwimithambo yegazi iye kwezinye izicwili. Isebenza njengesiponji, ifunxa amanzi.

I-Fibrinogen

Le yiproteni ebaluleke kakhulu. Xa sifumana inxeba naphi na emzimbeni wethu, sidinga igazi ukuze lijike ukuze kumiswe ukopha. Le fibrinogen inceda ekujikeni kwegazi kwaye emva koko inxeba liyaphola kwaye lenze isicwili okanye isilonda esiqhelekileyo.

IiGlobulins

Eli qela leeproteni nalo libaluleke kakhulu. Ezi globulin zinceda ekulweni nosulelo, ukuhambisa izinto egazini, kunye nokunceda ukujiya kwegazi. Kulapho kufumaneka khona ii-antibodies esizaziyo sonke.

Ezinye iiproteni zokuzikhusela komzimba kunye nezothutho

Ukongeza koku, kukho nezinye iiproteni ezininzi. Zinceda ekukhuseleni imizimba yethu, zilungise umonakalo, kwaye zithutha izondlo okanye ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

Ngaba abanikeli be-plasma bavavanywa izifo ezosulelayo?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo! Xa umntu enikela ngeplasma, loo plasma iyavavanywa ukuze ifumane izifo ezahlukeneyo ngaphambi kokuba inikwe abanye. Umzekelo:

• I-Hepatitis (zonke iintlobo)
• I-HIV
• I-Syphilis

Uvavanyo olufana nolu lubangela ukuba utofelo-gazi lukhuseleke.

Zeziphi izifo okanye iimeko ezichaphazela i-plasma?

Ngelishwa, kukho inani lezifo kunye neemeko zempilo ezinokuchaphazela i-plasma yethu. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:

• Izifo ezibangelwa ziziphene ekusebenzeni kweeproteni, umzekelo i-amyloidosis .
• Izifo zegazi, umzekelo i-hemophilia , isifo se-von Willebrand , okanye ukungabikho kwezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi.
• Ukunqongophala kwamasosha omzimba kubangelwa kukungabikho kweeproteni ezaneleyo zokuzikhusela emzimbeni egazini.
• Izifo ezifana ne-myeloma . Oku kuchaphazela umongo wethambo kwaye kuphazamisa ukwakheka kwegazi.

Zithini iimpawu zengxaki enxulumene ne-plasma?

Ukuba kukho ingxaki nge-plasma yakho, kunokubakho iimpawu ezibonisa oko. Qaphela izinto ezifana nezi:

• Intlungu emathanjeni.
• Ukugruzuka okanye ukopha igazi lula. Yiba nexhala lokuba ujika ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuba uchukumise kancinci, okanye ukuba iintsini zakho ziphuma igazi xa uhlamba amazinyo akho.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo (arrhythmias).
• Ukugula rhoqo ngenxa yobuthathaka benkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo yeplasma yam?

Kunokwenziwa uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi ukujonga i-plasma yakho ukuze kubonwe iimpawu zesifo. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• Uvavanyo lomthamo wegazi
• iBone Marrow Biopsy
• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (FBC/CBC)
• Uvavanyo lweHematocrit

Ugqirha uza kugqiba ukuba loluphi uvavanyo olufunekayo.

Ziziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango lwezifo ezinxulumene ne-plasma?

Unyango lwezifo ezinxulumene ne-plasma luxhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo lwesifo. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo yeendlela zonyango:

• Ii-antibiotics zosulelo.
• Utofelo-gazi ngenxa ye-anemia okanye ezinye iingxaki.
• Unyango lwe-chemotherapy kunye nokufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem zomhlaza.
• I-plasma yokuguquka (oku kwasetyenziswa nangexesha le-Covid, ungakhumbula) ukubonelela ngee-antibodies ezongezelelweyo zokulwa nosulelo.
• Ukuxutywa kwesisombululo se-electrolyte (njengokunika i-saline) xa kukho ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okanye ezinye iimeko.
• Ukufakwa kweplasma kusetyenziselwa ukuthatha indawo yeplasma elahlekileyo, ukonyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nokuthintela ukothuka.
• I-Plasmapheresis okanye i-plasma exchange yinkqubo yokususa into kwi-plasma okanye ukutshintsha i-plasma ngokupheleleyo.
• Iinaliti zeplasma (PRP) ezityebileyo ngeeplatelet zisetyenziselwa ukwenzakala okanye izifo ezithile.
• Ii-Steroids zeemeko zokudumba.

Ndinganikela njani ngeplasma?

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokunikela ngeplasma:

1. Ukunikela ngegazi elipheleleyo: Umsebenzi wezempilo ufaka inaliti emthanjeni osengalweni yakho aze atsale igazi. Emva koko iplasma iyahlulwa njengoko kufuneka kwilebhu.

2. Ukunikela ngeplasma kuphela: Oku kufana nokunikela ngegazi elipheleleyo. Emva kwenkqubo yokuhlolwa, umboneleli wezempilo uza kuthatha inaliti enye ayifake emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Emva koko iplasma yahlulwe nge-centrifuge, kwaye iiseli zegazi eziseleyo kunye neeplatelets zibuyiselwa kuwe ngenaliti efanayo.

Emva kokuba iplasma iqokelelwe emzimbeni wakho, iplasma enikelweyo iyakhenkcezwa kwiiyure ezingama-24. Oku kugcina izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi kunye nee-immunoglobulins. Iplasma ekhenkcezisiweyo inokugcinwa malunga nonyaka.

Iplasma evela kubantu abanohlobo lwegazi lwe-AB yeyona ifanelekileyo. Isizathu soku kukuba iplasma ayinazo ii-antibodies. Oku kuthetha ukuba iplasma inokunikwa umntu onohlobo lwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, nabani na anganikela ngeplasma aze ancede abanye.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwiplasma enikelweyo?

Iplasma enikelweyo ineenzuzo ezininzi. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• I-plasma inikwa umntu ofuna i-plasma engaphezulu ngenxa yokutsha, ukothuka, iingozi, okanye ezinye iimeko ezingxamisekileyo zonyango.
• Isetyenziselwa uphando lwesayensi ukuvelisa amayeza.
• Iiproteni zokugalela igazi zisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukopha.
• Iiproteni zomzimba zinokunceda kwizinto ezifana nonyango lomhlaza, i-chickenpox, i-measles, i-mumps, i-immunodeficiency, isifo sezintso, i-hepatitis B, izifo zobuchopho, kunye nokufakelwa komongo wamathambo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Iplasma ikakhulu ngamanzi, kodwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemizimba yethu. Yiyo evumela igazi lethu ukuba lihambe njengolwelo kwaye lithwala yonke into efunekayo kwiiseli zethu ukuze ziphile. Kwaye, unganikela ngayo ukuze kuzuze abanye.

Iingxaki ezinxulumene ne-plasma zinokufunyanwa ngovavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo njengenxalenye yokuhlolwa kwempilo konyaka. Rhoqo, olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba ube neempawu.

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nendlela i-plasma yakho echaphazela ngayo impilo yakho, thetha nogqirha wakho. Angakuxelela okungakumbi aze akuncede wenze izigqibo zempilo ezinokuchaphazela i-plasma yakho. Hlala usempilweni!

Iplasma , igazi, igazi, impilo, izifo, iiproteni, umnikelo