Ngaba kukho into entsha kwingxelo yakho yovavanyo lomchamo? Masithethe nge-Urine Cytology!

Ngaba wakha weva ngovavanyo lwe-'Urine Cytology '? Usenokuba woyika kancinci xa ugqirha ekucele ukuba wenze olu vavanyo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ludla ngokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa into ethile. Ngamafutshane, olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukuthatha isampuli yomchamo wakho kwaye ufumane ingcali iwuhlole ukuze ibone ukuba unazo na iiseli zomhlaza okanye iiseli ezinokuthi zibe ngumhlaza.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-Urine Cytology?

Kulungile, masiqale sijonge ukuba yintoni "iCytology" . I-Cytology luphando lweeseli ezizimeleyo ezithathwe kwizicubu okanye kulwelo olusemizimbeni yethu. Kule meko, ugqirha oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa, obizwa ngokuba yi-"Cytopathologist," ujonga ezi seli phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze abone ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki okanye utshintsho kuzo.

Ngoko ke, i-urine cytology luvavanyo oluthatha iiseli kwisampulu yomchamo wakho, luzijonge phantsi kwe-microscope, luze luzijonge ukuba azikho na iingxaki, ingakumbi iiseli zomhlaza.

Olu vavanyo (Urine Cytology) lwenziwa nini?

Olu vavanyo (lwe-Urine Cytology) lusetyenziswa kakhulu ekuncedeni ekuxilongeni umhlaza wenkqubo yomchamo . Oko kukuthi:

• Umhlaza wesinyi
• Umhlaza we-ureter, umbhobho omncinci othwala umchamo ukusuka kwizintso ukuya kwisinyi
• Umhlaza we-urethra, umbhobho omncinci othwala umchamo ukusuka kwisinyi ukuya ngaphandle komzimba
• Iimeko ezifana nomhlaza wezintso .

Kodwa khumbula, oogqirha abaqhele ukwenza olu vavanyo (Urine Cytology) baze bagqibe kwangoko ukuba kukho umhlaza. Rhoqo, benza nezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi.

Ukongeza, olu vavanyo lwe-urine cytology lunokufumanisa izifo zentsholongwane ezifana ne -cytomegalovirus (eyilungu losapho lwe-herpes virus).

Ingaba i-cytology yomchamo kunye novavanyo lomchamo oluqhelekileyo (uvavanyo lomchamo) zizinto ezifanayo?

Ewe, nangona zombini ezi zivavanyo ezenziwa kusetyenziswa umchamo, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini.

I-cytology yomchamo luvavanyo olukhethekileyo kakhulu. Lubandakanya ukujonga iiseli kwisampuli yomchamo phantsi kwe-microscope. Ingcali yezifo ijonga ikakhulu iiseli zomhlaza.

Kwelinye icala, uvavanyo lomchamo luvavanyo olusisiseko lomchamo olusetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuxilonga nokulawula izifo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko, ezinje ngezifo zomchamo (UTIs) , isifo sezintso, kunye nesifo seswekile .

Uvavanyo lomchamo oluqhelekileyo luhlola inkangeleko, uxinaniso, kunye nomxholo womchamo. Lunokufumanisa ubukho beeseli, iziqwenga zeeseli, okanye iikristale, iiproteni, kunye neglucose (iswekile) kumchamo.

Ugqirha usenokuyalela uhlalutyo lomchamo ngesizathu esithile, kodwa uninzi lwexesha luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo, mhlawumbi kube kanye ngonyaka. Uvavanyo lwe-cytology yomchamo alwenziwa rhoqo, kwaye lwenziwa kuphela xa kukho izizathu ezithile.

Ugqirha uza kukuxelela nini ukuba wenze olu vavanyo (Urine Cytology)?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba uneempawu zomhlaza womchamo, unokuyalela uvavanyo lwe-urine cytology. Iimpawu ziquka:

• Igazi kumchamo (i-hematuria) .
• Ukuva iintlungu rhoqo xa uchama.
• Ukutsha xa uchama.

Nangona uvavanyo lwe-urine cytology lunokunceda ekufumaneni ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, lukwanomlinganiselo. Ukuba uvavanyo lwe-urine cytology alufumani iiseli zomhlaza akuthethi ukuba umntu akanayo umhlaza. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha behlala besenza ezinye iimvavanyo kunye nolu vavanyo, kwaye banokwenza uvavanyo lwe-urine cytology kwakhona emva kwexesha elithile.

Ugqirha angakucela ukuba unike isampuli yomchamo kuvavanyo lwe-cytology yomchamo ngezinye izizathu. Umzekelo:

• Ukuba ukhe waba nomhlaza wesinyi ngaphambili kwaye wakha wafumana unyango, jonga ukuba ubuyile na.
• Ukuba une-UTIs eziphindaphindayo, jonga iintsholongwane ezikumchamo wakho.
• Jonga ezinye zezifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane.

Ngubani owenza olu vavanyo (lwe-Urine Cytology)? Ithathwa njani isampuli?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, umntu owenza uvavanyo lwe-urine cytology uqokelela umchamo kwikomityi engenazintsholongwane kwigumbi lokuhlambela labucala. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi- "clean catch urine sample." Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuze kuqokelelwe isampuli yomchamo, isigulane okanye umboneleli wezempilo kuya kufuneka afake ityhubhu encinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-catheter nge-urethra iye kwisinyi.

Ugqirha usenokuthatha isampuli yomchamo ukuze ahlolwe i-urine cytology ngexesha le-cystoscopy , inkqubo apho ugqirha esebenzisa isixhobo esincinci esinekhamera ukujonga ingaphakathi lesinyi kunye ne-urethra.

Emva koko umboneleli wezempilo uthumela isampuli yomchamo kwilebhu. Ingcali yezifo okanye ingcali ye-cytopathologist ihlola iiseli ezikwisampuli yomchamo phantsi kwe-microscope ize ilungiselele ingxelo.

Ufanele uzilungiselele njani ngaphambi kovavanyo?

Ufanele unike umchamo kuvavanyo lwe-Urine Cytology emva kokuchama kusasa.Isizathu kukuba iiseli ezikwimchamo ezibe zikwisinyi ixesha elide, oko kukuthi, ubusuku bonke, zinokuwohloka kancinci kancinci. Ngaphandle koko, kunzima kwingcali yezifo ukuba ihlole ngokucacileyo iiseli phantsi kwe-microscope. Ke ngoko, isampuli oyinikayo yovavanyo lwakho (Urine Cytology) akufuneki ibe yinto yokuqala kusasa.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuya kufuneka wenze idinga esibhedlele okanye elebhu ukuze ufumane isampuli yomchamo.

Ngawaphi amanyathelo afunekayo ekwenzeni uvavanyo lwe-urine cytology?

Ngokubanzi kukho amanyathelo amane aphambili kuvavanyo lwe-urine cytology:

1. Ukuqokelela isampuli yomchamo.

2. Ukulungiselela iiseli kwisampulu yomchamo.

3. Ukujonga iiseli kwisampulu yomchamo.

4. Isaziso seziphumo.

Kulungile, makhe sijonge la manyathelo ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

Ukuqokelela isampuli yomchamo

Kwiimeko ezininzi, isampuli yovavanyo lwe-urine cytology iqokelelwa ngumntu owenza uvavanyo.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqokelele isampuli yomchamo wakho, ugqirha wakho angakunika ikhithi ekhethekileyo. Isenokuba nesisombululo kunye nee-sanitary wipes zokucoca indawo yakho yesini. Oku kwenzelwa ukuthintela iintsholongwane ukuba zingangeni kwisampuli yomchamo, njengolusu olukwi-vulva okanye kwi-penis yakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo yokusebenzisa ezi wipes zokucoca ngokuchanekileyo. Emva koko kuya kufuneka ukhuphe umchamo kwindlu yangasese kwaye uqokelele oseleyo kwikomityi engenazintsholongwane. Ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela ukuba ufuna umchamo ongakanani kuvavanyo.

Kwezinye iimeko, wena okanye ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukufaka i-catheter uze uthathe isampuli yomchamo.

Ugqirha usenokuthatha isampuli yomchamo ngexesha le-cystoscopy .

Ugqirha wakho uza kuthumela le sampuli yomchamo kwilebhu.

Ukulungiselela iiseli kwisampuli yomchamo

Emva kokuba isampuli yomchamo iqokelelwe, ingcali yezifo okanye ingcali yelebhu ingasebenzisa umatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-centrifuge ukwahlula iiseli ezifuna ukuzijonga kumchamo. I-centrifuge ijikeleza isampuli ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, yahlula iiseli kulwelo. Ingcali yezifo emva koko ibeka iiseli kwisilayidi se-microscope ize izingcolise ngeedayi ezikhethekileyo. Olu daya luvumela ingcali yezifo ukuba ibone ezinye zeempawu zeeseli ngokucacileyo xa zijongwa phantsi kwe-microscope.

Ukuhlola iiseli kwisampulu

Emva kokuba ingcali yezifo okanye ingcali yelebhu ilungisile kwaye ingcolisa isampuli yeseli yomchamo, ijonga iiseli phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze ibone ukuba kukho naziphi na iiseli ezingaqhelekanga. Ukuba ifumene naziphi na iiseli ezingaqhelekanga, iphawula iindawo kwisilayidi apho iiseli zazikhona ngepeni ekhethekileyo. Emva koko ingcali yezifo idala ingxelo.

Isaziso seziphumo

Emva kokuba ingcali yezifo ilungiselele ingxelo, iya kuthunyelwa kugqirha wakho.Iza kuthunyelwa. Ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa nawe ngeziphumo aze agqibe ngento omawuyenze ngokulandelayo.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo?

Kungathatha ixesha ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho zibuye. Ngenxa yokuba uvavanyo lomchamo lunemida, ugqirha wakho usenokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze akhangele umhlaza kwindlela yomchamo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ugqirha wakho usenokufuna ukukuxelela ngesiphumo ngasinye sovavanyo njengoko sifika. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela indlela eza kuhamba ngayo le nkqubo, kuquka ukumisela iziphumo kunye nokukwazisa.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi ngolu vavanyo?

Abantu abaninzi benza uvavanyo lomchamo ngokubeka umchamo kwikomityi engenazintsholongwane, ngoko ke akukho zingozi okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugqirha wakho usebenzisa i-catheter (ityhubhu encinci efakwe kwi-urethra yakho) ukuze aqokelele umchamo, usemngciphekweni omncinci wokuba nosulelo lwendlela yomchamo (UTI) . Nangona kunjalo, ii-UTI zizifo eziqhelekileyo nezinganyangekiyo.

Ziphuma njani iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-Urine Cytology? Zithetha ukuthini?

Iingcali zezifo zingasebenzisa amagama ahlukeneyo kwingxelo ye-urine cytology. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela iziphumo. Musa ukoyika ukubuza imibuzo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba iiseli ezikwisampuli yomchamo azinazo okanye zilungile kwiiseli ezingaqhelekanga, iiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza, kunye/okanye iiseli zomhlaza.

Ingxelo yakho yeziphumo isenokuba namagama anjengala:

• Isampuli enganelisiyo: Oku kuthetha ukuba kusenokungabikho iiseli ezaneleyo kwisampuli yakho yomchamo ukuze ingcali yezifo ibone. Kuya kufuneka unikezele ngesinye isampuli yomchamo ukuba kunjalo.
• I-Negative kwi-urothelial carcinoma yezinga eliphezulu: Oku kuthetha ukuba ingcali yezifo ayizange ifumane naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza okanye iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kwisampulu yomchamo wakho.
• Iiseli ze-urothelial ezingaqhelekanga: Oku kuthetha ukuba ingcali yezifo ifumene ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwisampulu yomchamo wakho, kodwa iiseli aziqhelekanga ngokwaneleyo ukuba zithathwe njengomhlaza.
• Kuyakrokreleka ukuba une-urothelial carcinoma ekumgangatho ophezulu: Oku kuthetha ukuba ingcali yezifo ifumene iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kwisampulu yomchamo wakho ezinokuba ngumhlaza.
• Ilungile kwi-urothelial carcinoma ekumgangatho ophezulu: Oku kuthetha ukuba ingcali yezifo ifumene iiseli zomhlaza kumchamo wakho.

Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kumchamo wakho nazo zingaba luphawu lokuba indlela yakho yomchamo idumbile . Ukuba ukhe wafumana unyango lwemitha kufutshane nesinyi sakho, usenokuba neeseli ezingaqhelekanga kumchamo wakho.

Uvavanyo lwe-urine cytology lunokunceda kuphela ekuxilongeni umhlaza. Oogqirha abalusebenzisi lodwa ukufumanisa ukuba unesifo somhlaza womchamo. Ukuba umchamo wakho uneeseli ezingaqhelekanga, ezirhanelekayo, okanye ezinomhlaza, ugqirha wakho usenokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana ne -cystoscopy okanye i-CT scan, ukuze kuhlolwe isinyi sakho kunye ne-urethra.

Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ndizazi iziphumo?

Ixesha elithathayo ukuba iziphumo zakho zovavanyo lwe-Urine Cytology zifike lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Ukubuza ingcali yezifo ukuba ifuna ukubona ezinye iisampulu.
• Nokuba uvavanyo lufuna amabala akhethekileyo okanye iinkqubo.
• Nokuba ufuna uluvo lwesibini kugqirha wakho okanye kwingcali yezifo.
• Ngaba ukhe walwenza olunye uvavanyo?
• Ixesha lokucubungula isampuli.

Ngenxa yokuba imeko yomntu wonke yahlukile, ugqirha wakho uza kukunika umbono olungileyo wokuba ungalindela nini iziphumo.

Ichaneke kangakanani uvavanyo lwe-urine cytology?

I-Urinary cytology iluncedo kakhulu ekufumaneni iithumba ezihlaselayo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ( iiseli zomhlaza ezikhula kwaye zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza) kunye ne -carcinoma in situ (iqela leeseli ezingaqhelekanga ezihlala apho zaqala khona ukwakheka). Inezinga lokuchaneka le-95% ekufumaneni ezi meko zimbini.

Nangona kunjalo, i-urine cytology ayisebenzi kakuhle ekufumaneni i-carcinoma ekumgangatho ophantsi (iiseli zomhlaza ezikhula kwaye zisasazeka). Inezinga lokuchaneka eliyi-10% ukuya kuma-50% kwii-cancer ezinjalo. Ikwanalo nezinga elibonakalayo le-false-negative kule meko. Oko kukuthi, iziphumo ze-urine cytology zinokubonisa ukuba umntu akanayo i-carcinoma ekumgangatho ophantsi, kodwa ezinye iimvavanyo zinokubonisa ukuba umntu unayo i-carcinoma ekumgangatho ophantsi.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Uvavanyo lwe-cytology yomchamo lunokuba sisixhobo esiluncedo ekuxilongweni komhlaza womchamo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unomhlaza womchamo, kuya kufuneka wenze okungaphezulu kovavanyo lwe-cytology yomchamo nje kuphela. Ngelixa ulinde iziphumo zovavanyo lokuxilonga kunokuba nzima, yazi ukuba iqela lakho lezonyango likhona ukukuxhasa nokuba iziphumo zithini na. Musa ukoyika ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo kulo lonke eli nkqubo.

I- Cytology yomchamo, Uvavanyo lomchamo, Umhlaza, Umhlaza wesinyi, Umhlaza wezintso, Uvavanyo lweeseli