Ngaba wakha weva ngovavanyo lweCoombs? Mhlawumbi ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ngalo, okanye mhlawumbi wakha wenziwa olu vavanyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho. Nangona lusenokuvakala lunzima kancinci, luhlola into ebalulekileyo egazini lakho. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngokuba luyintoni uvavanyo lweCoombs, into olunokuyixelela yona, kwaye luza kwenziwa nini.
Yintoni uvavanyo lweCoombs?
Ngamafutshane, uvavanyo lweCoombs luvavanyo olujonga ii-antibodies emzimbeni wakho ezinokuhlasela iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba zeziphi ezi antibodies.
Cinga ngemizimba yethu njengenqaba. Sinomkhosi ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu wokulwa neentshaba (iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, njl.njl., esizibiza ngokuba zii-antigens ) ezivela ngaphandle. La majoni akhethekileyo kuloo mkhosi abizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies. Ayazazi kwaye alwe nezinto eziyingozi ezivela ngaphandle, ezisikhusela kwizifo.
Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, la ma-antibodies kumkhosi wethu ayaphazama kancinci. Aqala ukuhlasela iiseli zethu ezilungileyo neziphilileyo, ecinga ukuba ziintsali zangaphandle. Kulapho kuvela khona iingxaki. Uvavanyo lweCoombs ngokusisiseko lukhangela ama-antibodies achasene neeseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi.
Uvavanyo lweCoombs lusetyenziselwa ntoni?
Ukuze uqonde oku, kufuneka uqale wazi ukuba kukho iintlobo ezimbini zovavanyo lweCoombs.
1. Uvavanyo lwe-Direct Coombs - Ngamanye amaxesha oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT).
2. Uvavanyo lweCoombs olungangqalanga
Masijonge ezi zimbini ngokwahlukeneyo.
1. Uvavanyo lwe-Coombs ngqo
Olu vavanyo luthatha iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi luze lujonge ngqo kumphezulu wazo ukuze lubone ukuba zinazo na ii-antibodies ezinamathele kuzo. Cinga ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi njengeebhola ezincinci. Olu vavanyo lukhangela ii-antibodies ezihlasela iiseli ezingalunganga ezizingqongileyo.
Oku kudla ngokusetyenziswa ukuxilonga izifo ezinxulumene negazi ezifana ne -autoimmune hemolytic anemia . Abantu abanale (i-autoimmune hemolytic anemia) bane-antibodies zabo ezitshabalalisa iiseli zabo ezibomvu zegazi. Oku kubangela ukuba balahlekelwe ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi abazidingayo ukuze bahlale besempilweni.
2. Uvavanyo lweCoombs olungangqalanga
Olu vavanyo lunokuxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba kukho naziphi na ii-antibodies ezidada ngokukhululekileyo egazini lakho ezinokunamathela kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi.Oko kuthetha ukuba, la ma-antibodies awakanamatheli kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kodwa asegazini, alungele ukunamatheliswa nangaliphi na ixesha.
Oku kusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiimeko ezimbini:
- Njengovavanyo ngaphambi kotofelo-gazi: Ngaphambi kokuba unikwe igazi, oku kwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba igazi elinikelweyo liyahambelana na nohlobo lwakho lwegazi, okanye ukuba ii-antibodies emzimbeni wakho ziya kuhlasela igazi elitsha.
- Njengenxalenye yovavanyo olwenziwe ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Makhe sithethe ngako ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
Uvavanyo lweCoombs ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Ukuba ukhulelwe, ugqirha wakho usenokuyalela uvavanyo lweCoombs olungangqalanga ukujonga ii-antibodies ezichasene negazi le-Rh-positive egazini lakho.
Ngoku yintoni le Rh?
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezimisela uhlobo lwegazi lethu. Ukongeza kwiindidi zegazi u-A, u-B, u-AB, kunye no-O, enye into ebalulekileyo yi-Rh factor. Abanye abantu banolu phawu kumphezulu weeseli zabo ezibomvu zegazi. Sizibiza ngokuba yi-Rh-positive. (Umzekelo: O positive, A positive). Abanye abantu abanalo olu phawu kwiiseli zabo ezibomvu zegazi. Sizibiza ngokuba yi-Rh-negative. (Umzekelo: O negative, A negative).
Umzekelo, ukuba umama akanayo i-Rh (oko kukuthi, i-O negative), kwaye umntwana osesiswini une-Rh, ingxaki inokuvela. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Rh sensitization. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba inkqubo yomzimba kamama iqonda ngempazamo i-Rh factor kwiiseli zegazi ezibomvu zomntwana "njengotshaba" ize iqalise ukwenza ii-antibodies zokuyitshabalalisa.
Ngokwesiqhelo, kuthatha ixesha ukuba umzimba kamama wenze la ma-antibodies kwaye abe namandla ngokwaneleyo okuchaphazela umntwana. Ke ngoko, kwiimeko ezininzi, umntwana akachaphazeleki kakhulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa kokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umama uphinda abelethe umntwana one-Rh-positive, ama-antibodies asele enziwe egazini likamama anokuhlasela iiseli ezibomvu zegazi lomntwana. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umntwana abe nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Rh disease . Oku kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo kumntwana, ezifana ne-anemia kunye ne-jaundice. Ezi ngxaki zinokukhula ngomntwana ngamnye one-Rh-positive umama anayo.
Kodwa ungakhathazeki! Ukuba usengozini yokwasulelwa yi-Rh, unyango olufanelekileyo lunokuthintela le ngxaki kakhulu. Ukuba sele uvakalelwa kukuba unesifo sofuba, kukho unyango lokukhusela umntwana wakho. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wenze uvavanyo lweCoombs ngexesha lekota yokuqala yokukhulelwa.
Uvavanyo lweCoombs kwiintsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa
Ukuba umntwana wakho une-jaundice xa ezalwa, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lweCoombs. Oku kunceda ekufumaneni naziphi na ii-antibodies "zangaphandle" ezinamathele kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi losana olusandula ukuzalwa. Oku kuthetha izinto ezifana nee-antibodies ezidluliselwe kumama ukuya kumntwana.
Uvavanyo lweCoombs lwenziwa njani?
Ukuze enze olu vavanyo, ugqirha kuya kufuneka athathe isampuli yegazi elincinci kuwe.
Ngaba kufuneka ulungiselele oku?
Hayi, akukho nto kufuneka uyenze ukuze ulungiselele ngokukodwa ngaphambi kovavanyo lweCoombs.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo?
Ugqirha okanye umongikazi uza kusebenzisa inaliti encinci ukuthabatha igazi elincinci kumthambo osesandleni sakho okanye esandleni sakho. Xa inaliti ifakiwe, uza kuziva "ubuhlungu" okanye "ubuhlungu" kumchamo wakho . Oku kuza kuhlala imizuzwana embalwa. Emva kokuba isampuli yegazi ithathiwe, iza kuthunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze ihlolwe. Ugqirha uza kubeka ibhandishi encinci phezu kwendawo ebhobokileyo. Uza kukwazi ukuyisusa kwimizuzu eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukwazi iziphumo?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, uya kuzazi iziphumo zovavanyo zingadlulanga iiyure ezingama-24.
Zisixelela ntoni iziphumo zovavanyo lweCoombs?
Yintoni uvavanyo lweCoombs olubonisa ukuba une-positive?
Ukuba uvavanyo lweCoombs lubonakala lulungile, okanye aluqhelekanga, oko kuthetha ukuba unee-antibodies emzimbeni wakho ezinokuhlasela iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Oku kunokubakho ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo:
- I-Autoimmune hemolytic anemia : Njengoko besixoxile ngaphambili, imeko apho ii-antibodies zomzimba zitshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.
- I-Infectious mononucleosis : Esi sisifo seendlala ezivuvukileyo ezibangelwa lusulelo lwentsholongwane.
- I-chronic lymphocytic leukemia : Olu luhlobo lomhlaza wegazi.
- I-Syphilis : Le yintsholongwane edluliselwa ngesondo.
- Usulelo lweMycoplasma : Olu luhlobo losulelo oluchaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla.
- I-Lupus : Esi sisifo esihlasela amasosha omzimba, oko kuthetha ukuba sihlasela iinkqubo zomzimba.
- Impendulo engalunganga xa utofelwe igazi.
Kuthekani ukuba uvavanyo lubonise ukuba unayo na ngaphambi kokuba unike igazi (utofelo-gazi)?
Ukuba uvavanyo lweCoombs, olwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba ufumane igazi, lubonisa ukuba lukhona, oko kuthetha ukuba ugqirha kufuneka alumke kakhulu xa ekhetha umntu oza kumnikela. Abantu abaye bafumana igazi amaxesha amaninzi basenokuba baye bavelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-antibodies. Ke ngoko, kunokuba nzima kancinci ukufumana umntu oza kubafanisa negazi.
Kuthekani ukuba uvavanyo luthi lukhona ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Ukuba uvavanyo lweCoombs lubonise ukuba une-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho, oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo akhethekileyo okukhusela umntwana wakho kwi-Rh sensitization. Ugqirha wakho uza kukucebisa ngale nto.
Ithetha ukuthini iCoombs positive kumntwana?
Ngokubanzi, uvavanyo lweCoombs olubonisa ukuba umntwana une-anemia okanye i-jaundice. Ukuba uvavanyo lomntwana lubonisa ukuba umntwana une-anemia, ugqirha uya kumxilonga ngakumbi aze amcebise ngonyango olufanelekileyo.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lweCoombs azibonisi ziphumo zimbi?
Ukuba uvavanyo lweCoombs alunazo iziphumo, okanye luqhelekile, ezo ziindaba ezimnandi! Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho antibodies zifunyenweyo zinamathele kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, kunokuthetha izinto ezifana nezi:
- Igazi lingafumaneka ngokukhuselekileyo ngokutofelwa igazi ngumntu onikelayo.
- Ukuba ukhulelwe, akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka malunga nokwanda kwe-Rh echaphazela umntwana.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ze-hemolytic anemia, ezinje nge -jaundice, ukuziva unesizungu, isiyezi, okanye unengxaki yokuzikisa ingqondo , bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Angakuhlola, enze uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuba kuyimfuneko, aze amisele unyango olufanelekileyo.
Khumbula, iimpawu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zinokufana nezezinye izifo. Ukuba uziva into engaqhelekanga okanye eyahlukileyo, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
Uvavanyo lweCoombs luvavanyo olubalulekileyo olukhangela ii-antibodies ezinokuhlasela kwaye zitshabalalise iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Ukuze wenze oku, kuthathwa isampuli yegazi kuwe. Nangona iziphumo zovavanyo lweCoombs zinokunceda ukukhomba iqela lakho lezonyango kwicala elifanelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokufuneka iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu ukuze kufunyanwe ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo, ungaze woyike ukuthetha nogqirha wakho.
👩🏽⚕️ Imibuzo eyongezelelweyo (Ii-FAQ)
💬 Yintoni uvavanyo lweCoombs?
Olu luvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo olwenziwa ukuze kufunyaniswe ngokuchanekileyo ukuba sinesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-hemolytic anemia, apho inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela (ukuzikhusela kwethu) ihlasela iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi ngempazamo ize ibangele ukuba ziqhume.
💬 Kutheni olu vavanyo luyimfuneko koomama abakhulelweyo?
Ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lukamama lune-Rh-Negative kwaye uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana lune-Rh-Positive, umzimba kamama uvelisa ii-antibodies zokulwa negazi lomntwana. Emva koko lonke igazi lomntwana liyatshatyalaliswa ngaphakathi esibelekweni. Olu 'vavanyo lwe-Coombs olungangqalanga' ngokuqinisekileyo lwenzelwe oomama ukuba babone loo meko iyingozi kwangethuba.
💬 Kubaluleke kangakanani oku xa unikela ngegazi (uTshiwo lwegazi)?
Ngaphambi kokuba unike umntu igazi, olu vavanyo lukwaluncedo ekuvavanyweni kwangaphambili ukuze kubonwe ukuba ii-antibodies emzimbeni wesigulana ziya kuhlasela igazi lomnikeli kwaye zibangele ukuba isigulana sife (i-transfusion reaction).
Uvavanyo lweCoombs , iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ii-antibodies, i-Rh factor, ukukhulelwa, i-anemia, i-jaundice
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