Ngaba wakha waziva intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, uzive ubuthathaka, okanye uzive uhlanza xa ngequbuliso uye kwindawo ephakamileyo efana neNuwara Eliya, iHaggala, okanye iHorton Plains? Usenokuba ucinga ukuba kungenxa yokubanda nokudinwa kohambo. Kodwa eneneni, unobangela waloo nto usenokuba yimeko esithetha ngayo namhlanje ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Altitude Sickness'. Nangona abantu abaninzi bengazi ngale nto, yinto esifanele siyilumkele xa sisiya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Ngoko ke, masithethe ngayo yonke into ngokulula nangokucacileyo namhlanje.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni isifo sokuphakama?
Cinga nje, sihlala kufutshane nomphakamo wolwandle. Umoya olapha uneoksijini eninzi. Kodwa njengoko sinyuka intaba, okanye sisiya kwindawo ephakamileyo kakhulu, umoya uba mncinci. Oko kuthetha ukuba nangona siphefumla ngokulinganayo, imizimba yethu ifumana oksijini encinci.
Isifo sokugula kwindawo ephezulu sisifo esenzeka xa imizimba yethu ingakwazi ukuziqhelanisa namanqanaba aphantsi eoksijini xa ngequbuliso sinyuka siye kwindawo ephezulu. Kuthatha ixesha ukuba imizimba yethu iqhelane nolu tshintsho. Le ngxaki yenzeka kuphela xa sinyuka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngaphandle kokusinika elo xesha.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeSifo sokuphakama?
Le meko ayifani yonke. Ingahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali bayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi oku, kuba ezinye iimeko zifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.
| Igama lemeko | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Isifo Esibukhali Seentaba (AMS) | Eli lelona nqanaba liqhelekileyo nelinganzima kangako. Lidla ngokubonakala ngeempawu ezifana neentloko ezibuhlungu kunye nokudinwa. |
| Ukudumba kweMiphunga okuPhakamileyo (HAPE) | Le yimeko enobungozi kancinci. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba imiphunga izaliswe ngamanzi ngenxa yokuphakama. Le yimeko efuna unyango olungxamisekileyo. Ukufa kunokubakho ngokukhawuleza kunezinye iintlobo. |
| I-High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) | Le yeyona meko inzima neyingozi. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba ingqondo iyadumba ngenxa yokuphakama. Le yimeko esongela ubomi efuna unyango olungxamisekileyo. |
Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?
Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kunokuba unokucinga. Kuqheleke kakhulu kubantu abangaqhelanga iindawo eziphakamileyo. Akuqhelekanga kangako ngaphantsi kweenyawo eziyi-8,000 (iimitha eziyi-2,438) ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Nangona kunjalo, nabani na onyuka ngequbuliso ukuya kubude obuziimitha eziyi-3,352 (iimitha eziyi-11,000) unokuba ne-AMS ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali bemeko. Ngokwesiqhelo, iimpawu ze-AMS ziqala ukubonakala ngosuku lokuqala lokuguliswa kukuphakama. Iimpawu zeemeko ezinzima ngakumbi, ezifana ne-HAPE okanye i-HACE, zinokuthatha iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintlanu ukuba zivele.
| Uhlobo lwempawu | Ingcaciso |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo (i-AMS) | |
| Intloko ebuhlungu | Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo nolokuqala. |
| Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza | Ukuziva okanye ukugula. |
| Umnqweno wokutya | Ndilahlekelwa yiminqweno yokutya. |
| Ukuziva udiniwe nangona uphumle | Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu nangona ungenzi nto. |
| Ukungalali | Ndiyajikajika ebusuku ndingalali. |
| Isiyezi | Isiyezi okanye i-vertigo . |
| Iimpawu eziyingozi ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo (HAPE kunye neHACE) | |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla nokuba uphumle | Olu luphawu oluphambili lwemeko ye-HAPE. |
| Ukuqina kwesifuba okanye intlungu | Ukuziva ngathi isifuba sakho sixinene. |
| Ubunzima bokuhamba, ukugxadazela (i-Ataxia) | Ukuhamba njengomntu onxilileyo akunakwenzeka. Olu luphawu oluyingozi lwe-HACE. |
| Ukudideka kunye nobunzima bokuthetha | Andikwazi ukuqonda ukuba ndenza ntoni okanye ndiphi. Ndiyathintitha xa ndithetha. |
| Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo | Ndiphelelwa zingqondo kancinci kancinci. |
Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko kule meko?
Eyona nto ibangela ukuba umntu agule xa ekwindawo ephakamileyo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngaphandle kokunika umzimba wakhe ixesha lokuziqhelanisa. Ngaphandle koko, kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela umngcipheko.
- Ukuphakama kokunyuka: Okukhona ukuphakama kokunyuka, kokukhona umngcipheko wokuba nale meko uphezulu.
- Isantya sokunyuka: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Khawuthelekelele ukuba uqhuba imoto uphuma esixekweni. Emva koko umzimba wakho unexesha lokuqhela utshintsho. Kodwa ukuba ngequbuliso ubhabha uye kwilizwe eliphezulu, umzimba wakho awunalo ixesha lokuqhela utshintsho. Ke ngoko, umngcipheko uphezulu kakhulu. Ukuba uhlala uhamba ngaphezu kweenyawo eziyi-8,000, kungcono unganyuki ngaphezu kweenyawo eziyi-1,640 (iimitha ezingama-500) ngosuku.
- Utywala kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezithile: Ukusela utywala kunye nokusebenzisa izithomalalisi kuyandisa kakhulu le ngozi.
- Ukuba ukhe waba nesigulo sokuphakama kwentaba ngaphambili: Ukuba ukhe waba nale meko ngaphambili, ingakumbi imeko enzima efana ne-HAPE okanye i-HACE, unamathuba amaninzi okuba nayo kwakhona.
Yingcamango ephosakeleyo yokuba ukuba usempilweni emzimbeni, awuyi kuba nale meko. Oku akuyonyani. Nabani na angayiba nayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo esifana ne-anemia okanye isifo esingapheliyo semiphunga (COPD), isifo sokuwa kwindawo ephezulu singenza iimpawu zezo meko zibe zimbi ngakumbi.
Iphathwa njani?
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo neyona ilungileyo yokunyanga oku kukuwehla uye ezantsi ngoko nangoko. Leyo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusindisa ubomi bakho.
Kodwa akunakwenzeka rhoqo ukuba ufikelele ezantsi ngexesha elinye. Zimbalwa izinto onokuzenza ngamaxesha anje naxa iimpawu zakho zingabi mandundu kangako.
- Ukuma nokuphumla: Ukuba uziva ungakhululekanga, yeka into oyenzayo uphumle okwethutyana. Musa ukunyuka. Nika umzimba wakho ixesha lokuphumla kwaye ulungelelane nokuphakama.
- Ukuhla: Ukuba iimpawu zakho zinzima (ezifana nesiyezi, ukudinwa, isicaphucaphu) okanye ziya zisiba mandundu kancinci kancinci, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka wehle. Umthetho kukwehla de iimpawu zakho zibe ngcono. Ngokwesiqhelo, kuya kufuneka wehle ukusuka kwiimitha ezingama-984 (iimitha ezingama-300) ukuya kwiimitha ezili-1,000.
- Ukubonelela ngeoksijini eyongezelelweyo: Ukubonelela ngeoksijini evela kwitanki yeoksijini kunokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu.
- Amayeza: Kukho amayeza anokuthi anikwe ngugqirha oku. Umzekelo, amayeza anjenge-`acetazolamide`, `dexamethasone` okanye `nifedipine` anokunceda ukulawula le meko kwaye ayithintele ukuba ibe mandundu. La mayeza kufuneka athathwe kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha .
- Unyango olusebenzisa i-hyperbaric: Oku kufana nonyango 'lwee-bends' ezenzeka kubantywili bolwandle. Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, iingxowa zoxinzelelo eziphathekayo (iingxowa zeGamow) zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza uxinzelelo olungengolwemvelo kwinxalenye esezantsi yomzimba, zinike isiqabu. Oku kwenzelwa ukulawula ukuba mandundu kweempawu de isigulane sithotyelwe phantsi.
Ngaba isifo sokuphakama komhlaba singathintelwa?
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba le yimeko enokuthintelwa kakhulu. Zimbalwa izinto onokuzenza ngayo.
1. Nyuka kancinci: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Xa uceba uhambo lwakho, cwangcisa ukunyuka kancinci yonke imihla. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, xa uhamba ngaphezu kweenyawo ezingama-2,500 (iimitha ezingama-2,500), nyuka kuphela phakathi kweenyawo ezingama-984 (iimitha ezingama-300) kunye neenyawo ezingama-1,640 (iimitha ezingama-500) ngosuku.
2. Phumla iintsuku: Ngexesha lokunyuka kwakho, thatha usuku lokuphumla kwindawo efanayo rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Oku kunika umzimba wakho ixesha lokuqhelana nendawo ephakamileyo.
3.Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yehla kancinci ukuze ulale: Ukuba ungavuka emini uze wehle kancinci ukuze ulale ebusuku, oku kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukwenzeka kwale meko.
4. Amayeza okuthintela: Ukuba uhamba kwindawo ephakamileyo, ungathetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokusebenzisa amayeza (umz., i-acetazolamide) ukuthintela le meko. Oku kufanele kwenziwe kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha.
5. Ziphephe utywala nokutshaya: Ziphephe ukusela utywala kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu zokuqala xa usiya kwindawo ephakamileyo. Kwakhona, ukuba uyatshaya, kungcono uyeke ukutshaya ngaphambi kohambo, kuba oko kuchaphazela amanqanaba eoksijini.
6. Sela amanzi amaninzi: Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunokwenza iimpawu zokuguliswa kukuphakama komhlaba zibe zimbi ngakumbi. Ngoko sela amanzi amaninzi kunye neziselo.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha? Ufanele uye nini kwi-ETU?
Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Banokukunika iingcebiso malunga neendlela zokuzikhusela ekufuneka uzithathe ngokusekwe kwimeko yakho yempilo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ngamayeza okuthintela.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba wena okanye umntu ohamba naye ubonakalisa naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo ziqatha, yingxamiseko. Inyathelo elikhawulezileyo kukwehla ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka uye kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) ekufutshane.
Ukuphefumla kancinci nokuba uphumle, ukuxinana kwesifuba, ukungcangcazela, ukudideka, okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo ziimpawu zeemeko ezinzima nezisongela ubomi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-HAPE kunye ne-HACE. Ezi zinokubulala kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Ngoko ke ziqaphele ezi mpawu.
Isifo sokuhamba kwindawo ephakamileyo yinto enokulawuleka kwaye ithintelwe ngokulula ukuba uceba kakuhle kwaye uyazi iimpawu. Ngoko ke kwixesha elizayo xa usiya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo okanye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, khumbula la macebiso kwaye ukonwabele uhambo lwakho ngokukhuselekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuguliswa kukuphakama kwenzeka xa uye kwindawo ephakamileyo ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokunika umzimba wakho ixesha lokuziqhelanisa.
- Uphawu lokuqala oluqhelekileyo yintloko ebuhlungu.
- Ukuba uziva ugula, yeka ukunyuka ngakumbi. Ukuba iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu, yehla ngoko nangoko.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla nokuba uphumle, ubunzima bokuhamba (ukungakhathali), okanye ukudideka ziimpawu eziyingozi ezifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.
- Xa uceba uhambo lwakho, vumela ixesha lokunyuka kancinci uze uphumle phakathi kweentsuku.
- Ngaphambi kokuba uye kwindawo ephakamileyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho uze ufumane icebiso.
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