Masifunde nge-Subclavian Artery, enye yemithambo ebaluleke kakhulu ethwala igazi emagxeni akho, entanyeni nasentloko!

Molo! Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba iingalo zakho, intamo, kunye nezinye iindawo zentloko yakho zifumana njani igazi? Imizimba yethu inenkqubo emangalisayo yemithambo yegazi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomnye weyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo, kodwa mhlawumbi engakhange ithethwe kakhulu, yaloo nkqubo. Loo mthambo we-subclavian .

Yintoni umthambo we-subclavian? Yintoni oyenzayo?

Ngamafutshane, imithambo yakho ye-subclavian yimithambo yegazi emibini ephambili ethwala igazi elineoksijini ukusuka entliziyweni yakho ukuya emzimbeni wakho ongasentla, kuquka iingalo zakho, intamo, nentloko. Zicinge njengemibhobho emibini ephambili ethwala amanzi esuka kwitanki yamanzi ukuya ekhayeni lakho. Zifumaneka ngaphantsi nje kwamathambo akho ekhola (abizwa ngokuba yi-clavicle), enye kwicala ngalinye. Kukho emibini kwicala lasekunene nemibini kwicala lasekhohlo.

Ngoko ke, umsebenzi ophambili wale mithambo ye-subclavian kukuhambisa igazi elineoksijini lisuka entliziyweni liye entlokweni, entanyeni nasezingalweni zakho. Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu, akunjalo?

Singawuqonda umsebenzi wayo ngokwahlula lo mthambo wegazi ube ziinxalenye ezintathu:

• Inxalenye yokuqala ithumela igazi kwiindawo zesifuba sakho, kwi- thyroid gland, nakwi -Circle of Willis, inkqubo enkulu ehambisa igazi engqondweni.
• Inxalenye yesibini iya kwiindawo zentamo yakho ezibizwa ngokuba zii-costocervical trunks .
• Inxalenye yesithathu , eyinxalenye ekude kancinci ukusuka apho lo mthambo wegazi uqala khona, inika igazi ezingalweni zakho. Oko kuthetha ukuba igazi liya kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwi-biceps yakho, izihlunu ze-triceps, izihlunu zamagxa, izihlunu zengalo, njl.njl.

Iphi kanye kanye i-subclavian artery?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, zombini ezi mithambo yegazi ziphantsi kwe-collarbones yakho (i-`clavicles`). Nangona kunjalo, i-left subclavian artery kunye ne-right subclavian artery ziqala ngokwahlukileyo kancinci.

• Umthambo we-subclavian wasekunene kwicala lakho lasekunene uqala ngomthambo wegazi obizwa ngokuba yi-brachiocephalic artery yakho.
• Umthambo we-subclavian wasekhohlo kwicala lakho lasekhohlo uqala ngqo kwi-arch ye-aorta yakho enkulu, i-aortic arch .

Le mithambo yegazi mibini ihamba iphuma embindini womzimba wakho, ngemisipha emibini entanyeni yakho ebizwa ngokuba yi-"anterior and middle scalene muscles." Ifikelela kwimbambo yakho yokuqala, kwaye ukusuka apho iba yi- "axillary arteries," eziyimithambo yegazi ehamba ngqo engalweni yakho.

Le mithambo ye-subclavian ikhula ibe ngamasebe amancinci. Ikwabaluleke kakhulu:

• Imithambo yegazi emqolo: Le inika igazi kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho bakho nakwisiseko sobuchopho . Le mithambo yegazi idla ngokuba phakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-5 millimeters ububanzi.
• Imithambo yegazi yangaphakathi yesifuba: Le ihambisa igazi kwi -pericardium , kwisifuba, kwi-diaphragm , eludongeni lwesifuba, nakwezinye iindawo zodonga lwesisu. Le yimithambo yegazi emincinci emalunga ne-2 millimeters ububanzi. Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa imithambo yegazi yangaphakathi yesifuba yasekhohlo kwii -grafts ze-coronary artery bypass .
• Imithambo ye-Dorsal scapular: Le inika igazi kwimisipha yomqolo wakho ongasentla kwaye ixhasa iingalo namagxa akho.
• Umzimba womlomo wesibeleko: Oku kunyuka emacaleni entamo yakho kwaye kunika igazi entanyeni nasemagxeni akho.
• Umzimba we-Costocervical: Lo mzimba ukwafumaneka macala omabini entanyeni kwaye uthumela igazi ezingalweni zakho, entanyeni, nasentlokweni.

Ingakanani le mithambo ye-subclavian? Yenziwe ngantoni?

Ububanzi bomthambo wakho we-subclavian, okanye ububanzi be-cross-section yayo, buphakathi kwe-0.7 kunye ne-1.0 centimeters (ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha se-intshi). Incinci, kodwa yenza umsebenzi omninzi, akunjalo?

Njengeminye imithambo yegazi, umthambo wakho we-subclavian wenziwe ngamaleya amathathu aphambili.

1. Umaleko ongaphakathi (iTunica Intima): Lo wenziwe ngumaleko weeseli obhityileyo noguquguqukayo. Unceda igazi lihambe kakuhle.

2. Umaleko oPhakathi (iTunica Media): Lo ngumaleko onemisipha. Oku kukuvumela imithambo yegazi ukuba inciphe kwaye ivuleke. Kukwanceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.

3. Umaleko ongaphandle (iTunica Adventitia): Lo ngumbala oqinileyo owenziwe ngeeseli ezibhityileyo neziguquguqukayo. Ukhusela imithambo yegazi.

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezinokuchaphazela umthambo we-subclavian?

Okubuhlungu kukuba, kwanomthambo we-subclavian, owenza umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka, unokuphuhlisa izifo ezithile. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ziphambili:

• I-atherosclerosis: Abantu abaninzi baye beva ngale nto. Ngamafutshane, yimeko apho amafutha kunye ne-cholesterol ziqokelelana ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi (esiyibiza ngokuba yi-'plaque' ) kwaye zivale imithambo yegazi. Kufana nokugqwala okuvalela umbhobho wamanzi. Ukuba oku kwenzeka kumthambo we-subclavian, kuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi.
• Isifo seThoracic Outlet: Kule meko, umthambo we-subclavian uba mxinwa ( stenosis) ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluvela kwithambo elijikelezileyo, izihlunu, okanye ezinye izicwili.) ukutshintsha. Emva koko inani legazi eliya ezandleni lisenokuncipha.
• I-Takayasu's arteritis: Olu luhlobo lwe- vasculitis . Lubangela ukudumba, okanye ukudumba, kwe-subclavian artery, okunokunciphisa ubungakanani beoksijini efikelela entloko, entanyeni, okanye ezingalweni.
• I-Subclavian Steal Syndrome: Oku kudla ngokubangelwa yi -atherosclerosis . Okwenzekayo apha kukuba umthambo we-subclavian uyancitshiswa ( i-stenosis ), kwaye elinye igazi elifanele liye engqondweni "liyaba" lisuka engalweni. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba "yi-steal."

Zithini iimpawu zengxaki ye-subclavian artery? Uyazi njani?

Ukuba kukho ingxaki nge-subclavian artery, iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisifo esichaphazelayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonakala:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi kwingalo enye luphantsi kakhulu kunakwingalo enye.
• Utshintsho kumbala wezandla okanye iminwe (njengokuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye umbala okhanyayo).
• Ukuba ndindisholo, intlungu, ubuthathaka , okanye ukuziva nje into esandleni.
• Ukudumba kwesandla.
• Izandla azikwazi ukumelana nokubanda .
• Ndiziva ndinesizungu .
• Ngamanye amaxesha umkhuhlane unokubakho (ingakumbi kwiimeko zokudumba ezifana ne-Takayasu's arteritis).
• Ukuquleka (ingakumbi kwiimeko ezifana ne-'Subclavian Steal Syndrome').

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo yomthambo we-subclavian?

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, xa ubona ugqirha, kusenokwenzeka ukuba enze uvavanyo oluthile.

• Okokuqala, silinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kwiingalo zombini . Singabona ukuba kukho umahluko omkhulu na.
• I-Vascular ultrasound : Olu luvavanyo olulula nolungenabuhlungu olunokujonga indlela igazi elihamba ngayo emithanjeni yegazi kunye nokuba kukho na ukuvaleka.
• I -X-ray yesifuba .
• I-CT scan .
• Uvavanyo lwe-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging – MRI) .
• I-Addison maneuver : Olu luvavanyo lokujonga i -Thoracic Outlet Syndrome . Imisipha ye-scalene entanyeni yakho yoluliwe kwaye i-radial pulse engalweni yakho ijongiwe ukuba ayinciphi.
• I-AngiogramUvavanyo: Le yinkqubo engaqhelekanga. Into ekhethekileyo ifakwa kwimithambo yegazi kwaye kuthathwa i-X-ray.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lweengxaki zemithambo ye-subclavian?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ukuba umthambo we-subclavian unciphile okanye uvalekile, kukho iindlela zonyango zokuwubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvula kwakhona lo mthambo wegazi. Unyango luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko.

Isifo semithambo ye-subclavian (esibangelwa yi-'atherosclerosis')

• I-aspirin kunye namayeza okunciphisa i-cholesterol .
• I-Angioplasty : Oku kuquka ukufaka ibhaluni encinci kumthambo uze uyivuthele kwindawo evalekileyo, ususe iplaque eqokelele eludongeni lomthambo. I -stent , isakhiwo esincinci esifana ne-mesh, sinokubekwa kuloo ndawo ukuthintela ukuba uvalelo lungaphindi lubuye.
• Utyando lwe-bypass lutyando oludala indlela entsha yokuba igazi lihambe lijikeleze indawo evalekileyo.

Isifo seThoracic Outlet

• Unyango lomzimba : Oku kuthetha ukwenza izinto ezifana nokuzilolonga ukuzama ukunciphisa uxinzelelo.
• Amayeza angengowe-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) : Yehlisa iintlungu kunye nokudumba.
• Ii-Thrombolytics okanye ``iziyobisi ezisusa amahlwili``.
• Iianticoagulants : Amayeza anikwa ukuthintela ukujiya kwegazi.
• Kwenziwa utyando ukuze kususwe unobangela wokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi.

I-arteritis kaTakayasu

• IiCorticosteroids : Yehlisa ukudumba.
• Amayeza okunciphisa umzimba .
• Ukuvula umthambo wegazi ngotyando okanye nge-angioplasty .

Isifo Sokubamba iSubclavian

• Unyango lwe-antiplatelet : Ukuthintela iiplatelet zegazi ukuba zingadibani zize zenze amahlwili egazi.
• Izinto ezithintela ukugabha kwegazi : Zithintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi.
• Utyando lwe-bypass okanye i-angioplasty .

Zeziphi ezinye izinto ezilula esinokuzenza ukugcina umthambo we-subclavian uphilile?

Njengokuba unyamekela intliziyo yakho kunye nenkqubo yonke yentliziyo, kufuneka unakekele nomthambo wakho we-subclavian. Ukulandela la macebiso kuya kukunceda kakhulu:

• Lawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol . Ezi ziintshaba ezimbini eziphambili ezonakalisa imithambo yegazi.
• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba ngokupheleleyo. Ukutshaya kuyingozi kakhulu kwimithambo yegazi.
• Zilolonge rhoqo . Ukuhamba ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku nako kulungile kakhulu.
• Gcina ubunzima bomzimba busempilweni . Ukutyeba kakhulu kubeka uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo kwimithambo yegazi.

Ngoko ke, into yokugqibela ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba...

Umthambo wakho we-subclavian yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wakho ongaphezulu, ubonelela ngegazi elifunekayo ukuze uhlale uphilile. Njengokuba umthi udinga amanzi, iingalo zethu, intamo, kunye nentloko zifuna igazi elihamba kulo mthambo wegazi.

Ukutya ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo kunokunceda ukugcina kungekuphela nje umthambo wakho we-subclavian kodwa nayo yonke eminye imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho iqinile. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo ngugqirha wakho kunokukunceda ekufumaneni naziphi na iingxaki kwinkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi kwangethuba. Ukuba ngequbuliso ufumanisa ukuba omnye wemithambo yakho yegazi unciphile, ungoyiki. Amayeza aphucukileyo anonyango olufunekayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha ngaphandle kokulibazisa ukuba ufumana iimpawu.