Njengoko ufunda eli nqaku, amehlo akho ahamba ukusuka kwelinye igama ukuya kwelinye, umgca ukuya komnye, akunjalo? Khawuthelekelele, xa umntu ethetha nawe, ujonga kwicala elo. Ujonga umntu okude. Amehlo ethu ancedwa yinkqubo encinci kodwa enamandla kakhulu yezihlunu ezijikeleze amehlo. Ezi zihlunu zisebenza imimangaliso yokuhamba nokuhamba kwamehlo ethu ngaphandle kokuba siqaphele. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezi zihlunu zamehlo zimangalisayo.
Zithini izihlunu zamehlo?
Ngamafutshane, kukho izihlunu ezintandathu (6) ezihambisa iliso lakho phambili nangasemva, phezulu nasezantsi, nangaphandle. Ezi zihlunu zinamathele ngaphandle kwebhola yeliso. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha bezibiza ngokuba "ziihlunu zangaphandle okanye zangaphandle."
Nangona umsebenzi ophambili wale mihlunu kukuqondisa amehlo kuyo nayiphi na indlela, ikwachaphazela ngqo umbono wethu. Khawuthelekelele, xa ujonga into ethile, omabini amehlo akho kufuneka ajoliswe kuyo ngaxeshanye, kwicala elinye. Ngaphandle koko, silahlekelwa "kukuqonda okunzulu" kwethu, oko kukuthi, amandla okubona izinto kwi-"3D"`.
Ezi zihlunu ezisesweni zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
| Uhlobo lwemisipha | Inkcazo kunye nendawo |
|---|---|
| Izihlunu zeRectus - Izihlunu ezine ezithe tye | |
| I-Rectus Ephakamileyo | Ikwindawo ephezulu yeliso. Inceda ekujongeni iliso phezulu. |
| I-Rectus engaphantsi | Ifumaneka ezantsi kwebhola yeliso, inceda ekujongeni iliso ezantsi. |
| I-Medial Rectus | Ifumaneka ngaphakathi ukusuka empumlweni. Inceda ekujikeni iliso liye empumlweni (ngaphakathi). |
| I-Lateral Rectus | Ifumaneka ngasendlebeni (ngaphandle). Inceda ukujika iliso liye ngasendlebeni (ngaphandle). |
| Imisipha Engacacanga - Imisipha emibini ekwicala | |
| I-Oblique Ephakamileyo | Oku kuyinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Kusebenza njengepulley. Kunceda ekujikeleziseni iliso liye ezantsi nangaphandle. |
| I-Oblique engaphantsi | Esi sihlunu sinceda ekujikeni iliso phezulu nangaphandle. |
Zisebenza njani ezi zihlunu?
Ezi zihlunu zintandathu ezisesweni azisebenzi zodwa. Zisebenza ngababini . Xa isihlunu esinye sitsala iliso siye kwelinye icala, isihlunu esikwelinye icala siyasolula ngaxeshanye. Yiyo loo nto sikwazi ukuhambisa amehlo ethu kakuhle nangokulawula okunjalo.
Kwaye kukho enye into ebalulekileyo. Amehlo ethu kufuneka ajike kunye, kwicala elinye. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "kukubopha." Njengokuba iinkomo ezimbini zibotshelelwe kunye, amehlo ethu alawulwa yingqondo ukuba ajike kwicala elinye. Yingakho iintshukumo zethu zamehlo zihambelana.
Imithambo-luvo elawula izihlunu
Ezi zihlunu azikwazi ukusebenza zodwa. Zifuna imiqondiso evela engqondweni. Ezi miqondiso zivela kwimithambo-luvo emithathu ephambili (i-Cranial Neves) evela kukhakhayi lwethu.
| I-nerve (isibizo) | Ukulawula izihlunu |
|---|---|
| I-Cranial nerve III (i-Oculomotor nerve) | Ilawula zonke izihlunu ezine: i-Superior rectus, i-Inferior rectus, i-Medial rectus, kunye ne-Inferior oblique. |
| Umthambo wentloko IV (umthambo weTrochlear) | Ilawula kuphela izihlunu ezinqamlekileyo eziphezulu. |
| I-cranial nerve VI / Abducens nerve | Ilawula kuphela izihlunu ze-lateral rectus. |
Izifo ezichaphazela izihlunu zamehlo
Iingxaki ezichaphazela izihlunu zamehlo zinokuvela ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili.
1. Izifo ezichaphazela ngqo izihlunu ngokwazo.
2. Izifo ezichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo elawula izihlunu.
Ukongeza, ukwenzakala kweliso, ebusweni, okanye entlokweni nako kunokubangela umonakalo kwizihlunu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukwaphuka kwentloko kunokubangela ukuba izihlunu zibambeke kuloo qhekeko. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"entrapment." Le yingxamiseko yezonyango kuba ukuba izihlunu azikhululwa ngokukhawuleza nangotyando, umonakalo ongunaphakade unokwenzeka.
Izifo ezinxulumene nezihlunu
Ezinye zezi zizifo ezibangelwa lufuzo, okanye zinokuvela ngexesha lobomi.
- Izifo ezibuthathaka izihlunu ezifana ne-'Myotonic dystrophy'
- Isifo samehlo se-thyroid okanye isifo se-Graves
- I-Strabismus okanye i-Amblyopia
- Iimeko zokudumba kwimisipha (i-Myositis)
- Umhlaza ongaqhelekanga kakhulu
Izifo ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo
Izihlunu zamehlo zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kunxibelelwano lwemithambo-luvo nengqondo, ngoko ke nantoni na eyonakalisa ingqondo okanye le mithambo-luvo inokuchaphazela intshukumo yamehlo.
- `I-Myasthenia gravis`
- 'Isifo se-Multiple sclerosis'
- Ukuhlaselwa yistroke kunye ne-transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
- Iithumba okanye umhlaza wengqondo okanye wemithambo-luvo
- Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo okubangelwa zizifo ezifana nesifo seLyme
- Iintloko ezibuhlungu
- Isifo sikaParkinson
Zithini iimpawu zezi ngxaki?
Ukuba kukho ingxaki kwimisipha yamehlo, iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zinokuvela. Ezinye zinxulumene ngqo nokunyakaza kwamehlo. Ezinye zibangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamehlo kunye.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Umbono ophindwe kabini (iDiplopia) | Ukubona into enye njengezinto ezimbini. Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo. |
| I-Ptosis (ijwabu eligobileyo) | Ukugoba kwejwabu eliphezulu kwiliso elinye okanye omabini. |
| Intshukumo yamehlo engalawulekiyo (i-Nystagmus) | Iintshukumo zamehlo ezikhawulezayo, ngokungathi zisuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye okanye zijikeleza. |
| Ukungakwazi ukugcina amehlo egxile | Iimeko ezifana nobhubhane. |
| Intlungu yamehlo | Intlungu, ingakumbi xa ushukumisa amehlo. |
| Umbono ofipheleyo | Ayibonakali ngokucacileyo. |
| Isiyezi kunye nokucaphuka | Ukudinwa, iintloko ezibuhlungu, kunye nokucaphuka zinokwenzeka kuba imiqondiso evela emehlweni ukuya engqondweni ayihambelani. |
Iimeko apho kufuneka kufunwe ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza
Iingxaki zemisipha yamehlo ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba luphawu lwemeko embi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, bonana nogqirha okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko ukuba ufumana nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:
Kwimeko efana nale, musa ukulibazisa. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokuthintela umonakalo omkhulu.
- Ukuba iintshukumo zamehlo akho zitshintsha ngequbuliso: ukuba ubona kabini ngequbuliso, ukuba awukwazi ukujika iliso elinye liye kwelinye icala.
- Emva kwengozi entloko okanye ebusweni: Ukuba ufumana ubunzima bokushukumisa amehlo akho okanye ukubona kabini emva kokuwa okanye ukungqubana.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezilandelayo zestroke:Umzekelo, ukuba umlomo wakho ujika ngequbuliso uye kwicala elinye, ilungu okanye unyawo luba ndindisholo, okanye unengxaki yokuthetha kunye notshintsho ekuboneni kwakho.
Ndingazigcina njani izihlunu zamehlo am ziphilile?
Kukho izinto ezilula esinokuzenza ukukhusela amehlo ethu kunye nezihlunu zamehlo.
- Fumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo: Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo ngugqirha wamehlo ofanelekileyo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka kunokunceda ekuchongeni ezinye iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu.
- Khusela amehlo akho: Nxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko ezifanelekileyo xa usenza umsebenzi onobungozi, umzekelo, ukuwelda, ukugaya, ukusarha iinkuni, kunye nokudlala imidlalo efana nekhilikithi. Kwanengozi encinci inokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade kwimisipha yamehlo.
Xa ugqiba ukufunda eli nqaku, izihlunu zakho zamehlo mhlawumbi sele zishukume izihlandlo ezingamawaka. Yiyo loo nto ezo zihlunu zibaluleke kangaka ebomini bethu. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kangaka ukuzinyamekela.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Unezihlunu ezintandathu ezilawula iliso ngalinye. Ezi zisebenza ngababini ukuqinisekisa intshukumo egudileyo yeliso.
- Iingxaki zemisipha yamehlo zinokubangelwa sisifo semisipha ngokwayo, isifo senkqubo yemithambo-luvo, okanye ingozi.
- Ukuba ngequbuliso ubona amehlo akho ephindwe kabini, awukwazi ukuhambisa amehlo akho, okanye ubona utshintsho emva kokwenzakala entloko, yingxamiseko leyo. Yiya kugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo kwaye ukhusele amehlo akho kwiimeko eziyingozi.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nokubona kwakho okanye intshukumo yamehlo, ungaze woyike ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
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