Masifunde ngakumbi malunga nokuhlolwa komhlaza. Musa ukoyika, masithethe!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba kukho iindlela zokufumanisa isifo esinzulu njengomhlaza ngaphambi kokuba sivele emizimbeni yethu, oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele naziphi na iimpawu? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba kukuhlolwa komhlaza . Ngamafutshane, kufana nokubamba isela ngaphambi kokuba lingene endlwini yakho. Ukuba ulifumanisa kwangethuba, kulula ukulinyanga, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha unokulinyanga ngokupheleleyo okanye ulithintele ukuba lingaphumi.

Ngoko ke, olu vavanyo lomhlaza luza kwenziwa nini? Lulungiselelwe bani?

Oku kudla ngokuxhomekeka kwiminyaka yakho nokuba unayo nayiphi na into ebangela umhlaza. Uninzi lwabantu luqala ukucinga ngokufumana uvavanyo lomhlaza emva kweminyaka engama-40. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unembali yosapho yomhlaza okanye ezinye izinto ezinokubangela umhlaza, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uhlolwe kwangethuba.

Kumazwe afana neMelika, kukho iikomiti zeengcali ezifana ne-"US Preventive Services Task Force" ezilungiselela izikhokelo zezi mvavanyo zomhlaza. Zifunda ngononophelo ukuba ezi mvavanyo zisebenza kwaye zikhuselekile kangakanani, kwaye nokuba ziyabusindisa na ubomi babantu. Zicebisa uvavanyo kuphela ukuba kungqinwe ukuba iingenelo zovavanyo zingaphezulu kakhulu kunengozi enokubakho .

Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengxaki zezi mvavanyo?

Khawucinge nje, eyona nzuzo inkulu yezi mvavanyo kukuba ukuba kukho umhlaza, unokubonwa kwasekuqaleni kakhulu . Emva koko, unyango lunokuqaliswa ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza ukhule kwaye usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Oku kwandisa kakhulu amandla okunyanga umhlaza, kwaye kunokwandisa ubomi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi mvavanyo zinokubona notshintsho olungaphambi komhlaza olunokuthi lube ngumhlaza. Emva koko, kukho ithuba lokuthintela umhlaza ngaphambi kokuba ukhule.

Kwelinye icala, nangona kunqabile kakhulu, kukho iingozi ezithile. Umzekelo, iziphumo zovavanyo zinokuba zezingachanekanga (`iziphumo zovavanyo ezingachanekanga`). Oko kukuthi, kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba umntu ongenaso esi sifo abonakaliswe ukuba unesifo (`ubuxoki`), kwaye umntu onesifo abonakaliswe ukuba akanaso esi sifo (`ubuxoki`). Kwakhona, kukho ithuba lokuba into ebizwa ngokuba yi-`overdiagnosis``. Oko kukuthi, unokufunyanwa unomhlaza okhula kancinci kakhulu ongasayi kuba nawo kwixesha elizayo, kwaye unokunyangelwa ngokungeyomfuneko. Kodwa ezi zinto azifane zenzeke. Oogqirha baqwalasela zonke ezi zinto xa begqiba ukuba zeziphi iimvavanyo ezikulungeleyo.

Khumbula: Injongo ephambili yokuhlolwa komhlaza kukufumana umhlaza kwangethuba. Oku kunokunceda kakhulu ekusindiseni ubomi.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo zomhlaza ezicetyiswayo ngokubanzi?

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zovavanyo lomhlaza ezicetyiswayo kubantu abasengozini eqhelekileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba abanayo imbali ethile yosapho:

• Uvavanyo lomhlaza webele
• Uvavanyo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Uvavanyo lomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu (umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu)

Uphando lubonise ukuba iingenelo zokuhlolwa kwezi ntlobo zomhlaza zingaphezulu kakhulu kuneengozi ezinokubakho. Zisindisa ubomi ngokwenene.

1. Uvavanyo loMhlaza webele

Abafazi abasemngciphekweni oqhelekileyo bafanele baqale ukuvavanywa komhlaza webele emva kweminyaka engama-40. Izikhokelo zangoku zicebisa ukuba abafazi bafumane i-mammogram rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini . I-mammogram yi-X-ray yamabele. Ingabona amaqhuma amancinci okanye olunye utshintsho ebeleni ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu. Oku kuncede ekunciphiseni ukufa komhlaza webele.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba usemngciphekweni ophezulu wokuba nomhlaza webele (umzekelo, ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho ube nawo esemncinci), ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo okanye wenze ezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana ne-MRI yebele, ukongeza kwi-mammogram.

2. Uvavanyo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Uvavanyo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko lufanele luqale xa umntu eneminyaka engama-21 ubudala. Olu vavanyo alufumani nje kuphela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kwangethuba, kodwa lukwafumanisa notshintsho kwiiseli olunokukhokelela kumhlaza, olubizwa ngokuba yi -cervical dysplasia . Lukwafumanisa usulelo olubangelwa yi-human papillomavirus (HPV), esona sizathu siphambili somhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Zimbini iintlobo zovavanyo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko:

• I-Pap smear: Oku kuquka ukuphonononga isampuli yeeseli ezivela emlonyeni wesibeleko phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza okanye iiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza.
• Uvavanyo lwe-HPV: Olu vavanyo lujonga iintlobo ze-human papillomavirus (HPV) ezinobungozi obuphezulu ezinokubangela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Izikhokelo ezicetyiswayo ngoku zezi zilandelayo:

• Iminyaka engama-21-29: I-Pap smear enye rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu.
• Ubudala obuphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-65: Uvavanyo oludibeneyo novavanyo lwePap smear kunye neHPV rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu, okanye uvavanyo lwePap smear rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu, okanye uvavanyo lweHPV rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu.

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo kuwe.

3. Uvavanyo lomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu

Kubalulekile ukuba abantu abasemngciphekweni oqhelekileyo baqale ukuhlolelwa umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu emva kweminyaka engama-45. Lo mhlaza ukwangunobangela ophambili wokufa. Kodwa ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba, unokunyangeka. Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa nokususa amaqhuma amancinci (ii-polyps) anokukhula abe ngumhlaza, kwaye lunokusetyenziswa ukususa amaqhuma angengomhlaza. Ngamanye amazwi, olu vavanyo lunokuthintela nokukhula komhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu!

Rhoqo ngenxa yokuKucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe i-"Colonoscopy" rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-10. I-"Colonoscopy" luvavanyo olupheleleyo lwamathumbu amakhulu kusetyenziswa ityhubhu enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo.

Kukho ezinye iindlela:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi oluvela kwindle (umz. uvavanyo lwe-FIT, i-gFOBT okanye uvavanyo lwe-DNA yendle) - Olu vavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka omnye ukuya kwemithathu, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lovavanyo.
• I-colonoscopy ebonakalayo - rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu.
• I-sigmoidoscopy eguquguqukayo - rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu.
• I-sigmoidoscopy eguquguqukayo rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-10 kunye novavanyo lwe-FIT lonyaka.

Zeziphi ezinye iimvavanyo zomhlaza ezixoxwa ngazo?

Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezininzi zovavanyo lomhlaza onokuthetha ngazo nogqirha wakho. Ezinye iimvavanyo zinokuba luncedo kwabanye abantu, kodwa zisenokungalungelanga wonke umntu. Okanye, kusenokungabikho bungqina baneleyo okwangoku bokubonisa ukuba iingenelo zovavanyo zingaphezulu kweengozi.

• Ukuhlolwa komhlaza wemiphunga: Le yinkqubo yokuthatha imifanekiso, efana neskeni. Ugqirha wakho angakucebisa oku ukuba uneminyaka ephakathi kwama-50 nama-80 ubudala kwaye unembali yokutshaya (okwangoku utshaya okanye usandula ukuyeka).
• Ukuhlolwa komhlaza womlomo: Ugqirha wamazinyo uza kujonga umlomo wakho ukuba kukho iimpawu zomhlaza. Nangona kungekho zikhokelo zithile zoku, ugqirha wamazinyo wakho angakwenza oku xa usiya kuhlolwa amazinyo.
• Ukuhlolwa komhlaza weprostate: Amadoda anikwa uvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwegazi lwePSA ukuze kukhangelwe iimpawu zomhlaza weprostate. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthetha nawe ngale nto ukuba uphakathi kweminyaka engama-55 nengama-69 ubudala.
• Ukuhlolwa komhlaza wolusu: Ugqirha wesikhumba uhlola ulusu lwakho ukuze akhangele iimpawu zomhlaza. Nangona kungekho bungqina buqinileyo bokuba olu vavanyo lunciphisa ukufa komhlaza wolusu, abantu abaninzi bafumana uvavanyo lolusu olupheleleyo minyaka le.

Zenziwa njani ezi mvavanyo zomhlaza?

Ngaphambi kokuba uye kuvavanyo, ugqirha wakho okanye umboneleli wezempilo uza kukuxelela okuza kwenzeka ngexesha lovavanyo, indlela omawulungiselele ngayo, kunye noko iziphumo zovavanyo zinokukuxelela kona nempilo yakho.

Ukuhlolwa komhlaza kungabandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba: Ugqirha uza kujonga umzimba wakho ukuba akukho naluphi na utshintsho, olufana namaqhuma angaqhelekanga. Baza kukubuza imibuzo malunga nemikhwa yakho yempilo kunye nembali yempilo yosapho.
• Uvavanyo lokufota: Olu luthatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi yomzimba. Iimammogram kunye ne-colonoscopy ziivavanyo zokufota ezisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya umhlaza.
• Uvavanyo lwelabhoratri: Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi kunye novavanyo lwezicubu zomhlaza. I-Pap smear luvavanyo lwelabhoratri oluthatha isampuli yezicubu kwaye lukhangele iimpawu zomhlaza.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Olu vavanyo lujonga i-DNA yakho ukuze kubonwe ukuba unayo na inguqu yemfuza eyonyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa kuphela kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo.

Masifunde nangovavanyo olutsha: Uvavanyo lweMultiple Cancer Detection (MCD)

Uvavanyo olutsha lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lweGalleri luyavela. Kuthiwa luyakwazi ukubona iintlobo zomhlaza ezingaphezu kwama-50 ngaxeshanye. Nangona kunjalo, alukavunywa ukuba lusetyenziswe ngokubanzi ziiarhente ezifana ne-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Ukuba unomdla kolu hlobo lovavanyo, ungathetha nogqirha ukuze ufunde okungakumbi.

Ithetha ukuthini isiphumo sovavanyo lomhlaza?

Uvavanyo lomhlaza lukhangela utshintsho emzimbeni wakho olunokuba ziimpawu zomhlaza. Iziphumo zovavanyo azikokuxilonga umhlaza, kwaye azisisiqinisekiso sokuba awunawo umhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha, uvavanyo lomhlaza lunokunika iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo. Njengovavanyo lokuqala, ukuba novavanyo olongezelelweyo akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza.

Ndiza kuzazi nini iziphumo zovavanyo?

Ezinye iimvavanyo zingathatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ukufumana iziphumo. Ezinye zingathatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiveki ukuba ugqirha afumane iziphumo aze akuxelele. Ungabuza indawo oye wazifumana kuyo ezi ziphumo okanye ugqirha wakho malunga nexesha elithathayo ukufumana iziphumo.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uvavanyo lwam lubonisa iimpawu zomhlaza?

Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba uvavanyo lokuhlola aluyonto yokuxilonga. Ukuba iziphumo zakho zibonisa iimpawu zomhlaza, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu ukuze afumane okungakumbi malunga nokuba kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene. Kwakhona, ukuba uvavanyo alubonisi zimpawu zomhlaza akuthethi ukuba usempilweni ngokupheleleyo. Umhlaza uqala kancinci, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha unokukhula kancinci. Ngoko ke, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufuneka wenze nini uvavanyo lwakho olulandelayo.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba loluphi uvavanyo ekufuneka ulwenze, thetha nogqirha wakho. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu womhlaza okanye ukhe watyandwa ngaphambili (njengotyando lwe-hysterectomy) olunokuchaphazela isicwangciso sakho sokuthintela umhlaza.

Eminye imibuzo onokuyibuza:

• "Ugqirha undicebisa ukuba ndenze uvavanyo lomhlaza olunjani?"
• "Kutheni ugqirha ecebisa ezo zilingo?"
• "Ngaba kufuneka wenze ezi mvavanyo ngokukhawuleza?"
• "Ngaba ugqirha angenza ezi mvavanyo ngokwakhe, okanye ndifanele ndidibane nengcali?"
• "Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimvavanyo ezinokwenziwa ekhaya?"
• "Ndifanele ndizivavanye kangaphi ezi mvavanyo?"

Ukuhlolwa komhlaza kunokufumanisa iimpawu zomhlaza kwangethuba. Nangona ukufunyanwa nonyango lomhlaza kwangethuba kwandisa amathuba okunyangwa, yonke le nkqubo inokuba yoyikisa kwaye ibangele ixhala. Ngoko ke, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho malunga novavanyo lomhlaza olunokuba luncedo kuwe. Baya kukuvuyela ukukuchazela ukuba uvavanyo ngalunye lujonge ntoni, indlela oluqhutywa ngayo uvavanyo, kunye nendlela iziphumo eziza kwaziswa ngayo kuwe.

Ukwazi kwangaphambili into onokuyilindela kunokuzisa uxolo lwengqondo njengoko ujongene namava akho okuqala okuhlolwa umhlaza.

Okokugqibela, umyalezo oya ekhaya

Kulungile, nantsi isishwankathelo sokukunceda ukhumbule ezinye zezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo koko sithethe ngako:

• Uvavanyo lomhlaza luvavanyo olufumanisa umhlaza ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu. Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekufumaneni umhlaza kwangethuba.
• Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kwandisa amathuba onyango oluphumelelayo, kwaye kunokuthintela nomhlaza ukuba ungakhuli.
• Ubudala bakho kunye nezinto ezikubangela umngcipheko zichonga ukuba zeziphi iimvavanyo ekufuneka uzenze kwaye nini.
• Ukuhlolwa komhlaza webele, wesibeleko, kunye nomhlaza wamathumbu yikona okucetyiswayo.
• Iziphumo zovavanyo aziloxilongo lokugqibela. Ukuba kufunyenwe iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga, uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lunokufuneka.
• Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga novavanyo olufanelekileyo kuwe kunye nendlela omele ulwenze ngayo. Musa ukoyika okanye uzive uneentloni.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Ukuqonda okunjalo kubaluleke kakhulu kubomi obusempilweni!

Uvavanyo lomhlaza , uhlolo lomhlaza, ukufunyanwa kwangethuba, ubomi obusempilweni, umhlaza wamabele, umhlaza wesibeleko, umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, uthintelo