Ngubani lo gqirha wotyando lwe-colorectal? Masifumanise ngokuchanekileyo!

Usenokumangaliswa kancinci xa usiva igama elithi 'Colorectal Surgeon', uzibuza, "Ngubani lo? Benza ntoni?" Ungakhathazeki, ayinzima kangako. Ngamafutshane, lo ngugqirha ochwephesha ekunyangeni izifo nokwenza utyando kumathumbu akho amakhulu, i-rectum , kunye ne-anus . Ngoko masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, njengokuba uthetha nomhlobo, kulungile?

Ngubani lo gqirha wotyando lwe-colorectal? Ngaba ngaphambili wayebizwa ngokuba yi-proctologist?

Ewe, mhlawumbi ukhe weva igama elithi 'proctologist'. Enyanisweni, ngaphambili, oogqirha ababenyanga ezi zifo babebizwa ngokuba zii-proctologists. Igama elithi 'Colorectal surgeon' ligama elihlaziyiweyo nelisetyenziswa kakhulu kwelo candelo lezonyango.

Kukho umahluko omncinci kwintsingiselo phakathi kwala magama mabini. Xa sisithi 'i-proctologist', ikakhulu ibhekisa kwi-rectum nakwi-anus. Kodwa xa sisithi 'i-colorectal', ibandakanya zombini i-colon kunye ne-rectum. Uyazi, la mabini zezona ndawo zinkulu zamathumbu amakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni, nokuba abizwa ngaliphi kula magama mabini, la magcisa anyanga zonke ezi ndawo . Ngoko ke akukho nto yokucinga ngayo kakhulu.

Kutheni kufuneka sibone ugqirha we-colorectal?

Khawuthelekelele ukuba unentlungu okanye uphawu oluthile esiswini sakho esisezantsi, oko kukuthi, indlela yakho esezantsi yesisu (GI). Emva koko ungaya kuqala kugqirha okanye kwingcali yezifo zamathumbu.

Ukuba, emva kokukuhlola, ugqirha ucinga ukuba imeko yakho ifuna utyando , uya kukuthumela kugqirha otyanda i-colorectal.

Ezinye iimeko ze-colorectal ezinokufuna utyando ziquka:

• Umhlaza kunye ne -polyposis : Oku kubhekisa kwiimeko zomhlaza kumathumbu amakhulu okanye kwizityalo ezincinci (ii-polyps) ezinokuba ngumhlaza.
• Isifo samathumbu esidumbileyo (IBD): Esi sisifo sokudumba okuhlala ixesha elide kolwelo lwamathumbu. Imizekelo ibandakanya iimeko ezifana nesifo sikaCrohn kunye ne -ulcerative colitis .
• I-Ischemia: Oku kwenzeka xa inxalenye yamathumbuUkuncipha okanye ukulahleka kwegazi . Xa oko kusenzeka, loo nxalenye ingade ife.
• Iziphene zolwakhiwo: Umzekelo, i-fistula - unxibelelwano olungaqhelekanga phakathi kwamathumbu nesinye isitho, i-hernias - ukuphuma kwenxalenye yamathumbu kwindawo ebuthathaka, kunye nokuphuma - ukuphuma okanye ukuphuma kwenxalenye yomzimba, njenge-rectum.

Ngaba oogqirha botyando lwe-colorectal banyanga i-colon kuphela?

Hayi, oko akuyonyani. Nangona oogqirha botyando lwe-colorectal begxile kakhulu kumathumbu amakhulu , baqeqeshwe njengoogqirha botyando oluqhelekileyo .

Ngaphandle koko, ingxaki kwelinye ilungu lomzimba wethu inokuchaphazela amanye amalungu, akunjalo? Ke ngoko, ezi ngcali kufuneka zinyange amanye amalungu anxulumene ngqo nekholoni okanye achaphazeleka sisifo esifanayo. La malungu ngala:

• Ndibonise uthando
• Izihlunu zomgangatho we-pelvic (ezi zinceda ekulawuleni amathumbu kunye nolawulo lwesinyi)
• Inkqubo yomchamo
• Inkqubo Yokuzala Yabasetyhini

Zeziphi iimfaneleko ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngugqirha we-colorectal?

Eli linqaku elibaluleke kakhulu. Ugqirha we-colorectal ngumntu onoqeqesho oluphezulu kakhulu nolwazi . Umzekelo, kwilizwe elifana ne-United States, ukuze ube ngugqirha we-colorectal, umntu kufuneka aqeqeshwe njengogqirha we-general ubuncinci iminyaka emihlanu. Emva koko, umntu kufuneka afumane omnye unyaka okanye ngaphezulu woqeqesho lokuhlala kwiimeko ze-colorectal.

Emva kolu qeqesho, bayaphumelela kwiimviwo ezibhaliweyo nezomlomo baze babe ziingcali eziqinisekisiweyo zebhodi ezivela kwiibhodi zonyango ezifanelekileyo (umz., iBhodi yaseMelika yotyando lweColorectal). Ngoko ke njengoko ubona, olu ayilulo uhambo olulula, yiyo loo nto sinokuluthemba ulwazi lwabo kunye nobuchule babo.

Yintoni ngokukodwa efundwa ngugqirha we-colorectal ngaphezu kogqirha oqhelekileyo?

Ezi ngcali zifunda ngokunzulu i-physiology yamathumbu kunye ne-anorectal , oko kukuthi, indlela ezi zitho ezisebenza ngayo kunye nendlela ezisebenzisana ngayo.

Ngenxa yolu lwazi lunzulu, iingxaki ezivela emathunjini nakwi-rectum ziyavela.Banesakhono esikhethekileyo sokuhlalutya iingxaki zomzimba ezintsonkothileyo kwaye banike unyango oluyimfuneko olunobuthathaka . Enyanisweni, bangoochwephesha kweli candelo.

Yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa ngugqirha we-colorectal?

Oogqirha be-colorectal basebenzisa zonke iindlela zotyando lwe-endoscopic kunye nolwe-operation ukunyanga inkqubo yakho yokugaya ukutya. Oku kuthetha ukuba banazo zonke izixhobo abazidingayo ukunyanga iimeko ezinzima.

Banokukunyanga ngaphandle kotyando (umz., nge-endoscopy), ngotyando olungenalo utyando , okanye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ngotyando oluvulekileyo .

Ezinye iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha be-colorectal ziquka:

• I-Colonoscopy: Oku kuquka ukufaka ityhubhu encinci neguquguqukayo (i-endoscope) enekhamera kunye nokukhanya nge-anus ukuze kuhlolwe amathumbu amakhulu onke . Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukususa ii-polyps ezincinci kunye nokuthatha iisampuli zezicubu (ii-biopsy).
• I-Enteroscopy: Le yindlela yokuhlola amathumbu amancinci kusetyenziswa i-endoscope.
• I-Sigmoidoscopy: Le ihlola inxalenye yokugqibela yamathumbu amakhulu (i-sigmoid colon), i-rectum, kunye ne-anus.
• I-Laparoscopy: Kwenziwa umngxuma omncinci kakhulu esiswini, apho kufakwa khona ikhamera ekhethekileyo (i-laparoscope) ukuze kuhlolwe amalungu angaphakathi esiswini.
• Utyando lweLaparoscopic: Olu tyando lukwabizwa ngokuba yi "keyhole surgery," olu lutyando olubandakanya ukwenza imingxunya emininzi emincinci esiswini kunye nokusebenzisa i-laparoscope kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Oku kuvumela ukuba utyando lwenziwe ngaphandle kokwenza umngxunya omkhulu, nto leyo enciphisa ixesha lokuphola.
• Utyando lweRobhothi: Olu luhlobo lotyando lwe-laparoscopic. Nangona kunjalo, apha ugqirha ulawula ingalo yerobhothi ngekhonsoli yekhompyutha. Oku kuvumela utyando olubuthathaka kakhulu nolunzima .

Ezinye zeenkqubo zotyando ezenziwa ngoogqirha be-colorectal ziquka:

• I-Polypectomy: Ukususwa kwee-polyps (izihluma ezincinci) kumathumbu amakhulu nge-endoscopy.
• Ukususwa kwe-mucosal endoscopic (EMR) / ukususwa kwe-submucosal endoscopic (ESD): Iindlela eziphambili zokususa iithumba ezikwi-endoscopic kwiingqimba zangaphakathi zamathumbu ezinzima ukuzisusa.
• Utyando lwe-Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: Utyando apho kufakwa isixhobo esikhethekileyo (i-proctoscope) nge-anus ukususa iithumba ezinkulu okanye izithintelo kwi-rectum.
• Utyando lokususa amathumbu: Ukususwa kwenxalenye okanye lonke ithumbu elikhulu, kuxhomekeke kwimeko.
• Utyando lwe-Ostomy: Oku kuquka ukutshintsha indlela indle ephuma ngayo emzimbeni kunye nokudala i-stoma ngokudibanisa isiphelo esinye samathumbu nomphezulu wesikhumba sesisu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-colostomy okanye i-ileostomy.
• Utyando lwe-Anastomosis: Ukudibanisa kwakhona iindawo ezimbini zamathumbu ngokususa i-ostomy eyenziwe ngaphambili.
• I-Appendectomy: Ukususwa kwe-appendix xa ivuvukile (i-appendicitis).
• I-Anoplasty: Ukulungisa okanye ukutshintsha ukuma kwe-anus.
• I-Rectopexy: Ukubuyisela i-rectal prolapse ngotyando.
• I-Sacrocolpopexy: Ukulungiswa kokuwa kwamalungu esinqe.
• Ukulungiswa kweHernia: Ukulungiswa kwehernia emathunjini (umz. i-inguinal hernia, i-incisional hernia) kusetyenziswa iindlela ze-laparoscopic okanye zerobhothi.
• Utyando lwe-Cecostomy / antegrade colonic enema (ACE): Ityhubhu ifakwa kwikholoni ukuze kunikelwe isisombululo se-enema njengonyango lweemeko ezithile, ezinje ngokuqhinwa.

Benza nezinto ezinje ukujonga umsebenzi wendlela yakho yokuphuma kwegazi emithanjeni kunye nemithambo yomqolo:

• Uvavanyo lwedijithali lwerectal: Uvavanyo apho ugqirha efaka umnwe ogqunywe iglavu kwirectum.
• I-Anoscopy / I-Proctoscopy: Ukufakwa kwesixhobo esincinci ukuze kujongwe i-anus kunye ne-rectum esezantsi.
• I-Defecography: Uvavanyo lokuhamba kwamathumbu kusetyenziswa i-X-ray okanye i-MRI.
• I-ultrasound ye-Endorectal: Ukuhlolwa kwe-rectum kunye nezicubu ezingqongileyo ngokufaka i-ultrasound probe kwi-rectum.
• I-anorectal manometry: Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo kunye nomsebenzi wemisipha kwi-rectum nakwi-anus.

Ziziphi iintlobo zezifo ezinyangwa ngoogqirha be-colorectal?

Kukho iimeko ezininzi ezifuna ukutyelela ugqirha wotyando lwe-colorectal. Makhe sijonge ezinye zazo ngokwamaqela:

Umhlaza we-Coloral, imizekelo:

• Umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu
• Umhlaza wamathumbu
• Umhlaza wempundu
• Umhlaza wesihlomelo
• I-Peritoneal carcinomatosis - ukusasazeka komhlaza kwisisu
• Iithumba zesisu (GIST)
• Iithumba ze-neuroendocrine
• Ezinye izifo zomhlaza ezizuzwe njengelifa, ezifana nomhlaza we-colorectal ongenayo i-polyposis (HNPCC) okanye i-Lynch syndrome.

Iipolyps zeColorectal kunye nee-polyposis syndromes ezizuzwe njengelifa, imizekelo:

• I-Familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome (FAP) - Oku kunokubangela amakhulu okanye amawaka ee-polyps kumathumbu amakhulu.
• I-Lynch syndrome - (ikwakhankanywa phantsi komhlaza)
• I-polyposis enxulumene ne-MUTYH (MAP)
• I-Serrated polyposis syndrome
• Iithumba zeDesmoid
• isifo sikaPeutz-Jeghers
• Isifo se-Juvenile polyposis
• I-PTEN hamartoma syndrome

I-colitis enzima (ukudumba kwamathumbu amakhulu), imizekelo:

• I-Diverticulitis - Usulelo okanye ukudumba kweengxowa ezincinci (i-diverticula) eludongeni lwamathumbu.
• I-ulcerative colitis
• Isifo sikaCrohn
• I-Microscopic colitis
• I-Pseudomembranous colitis - Imeko edla ngokuvela emva kokusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics ezithile.
• I-Appendicitis - Ukudumba kwe-appendix.
• I-necrotizing enterocolitis - Imeko embi kakhulu echaphazela iintsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa.
• I-Ischemic colitis - Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa kukuncipha kokunikezelwa kwegazi kumathumbu amakhulu.

Izifo zamathumbu ezisebenzayo, imizekelo:

• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle komgangatho we-pelvic - imeko ebangela ubunzima bokukhupha indle.
• Ukungakwazi ukulawula indle (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba)
• Ukuthulula okuvalekileyo
• I-Anismus - Ukungakwazi ukukhulula izihlunu ze-rectum ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokuya esibhedlele.

Iziphene zesakhiwo, imizekelo:

• Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu amakhulu
• I-Anal fistula - Ukwakheka kwendlela engaqhelekanga phakathi kolusu kunye namathumbu kufutshane ne-anus.
• I-fistula ye-rectovaginal - unxibelelwano olungaqhelekanga phakathi kwe-rectum kunye ne-vaginal.
• I-hernia ye-perineal
• Ithumba le-Perianal
• Ukuhla kwe-rectal
• Ukuwa kwamalungu esinqe

Ezinye iimeko ezingalunganga zekholoni, imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Ukopha kwamathumbu/ ukopha emqolo
• Iimfantu zempundu
• Iintsumpa zempundu
• IiHemorrhoids
• Izilonda ezisemathunjini
• Ukuqhinwa kunye nokuphazamiseka kwendle

Isikhumbuzo esincinci malunga nekholoni yakho kunye nenkqubo yokugaya esezantsi

Amathumbu akho amakhulu yinxalenye enkulu yendlela yakho esezantsi yesisu . Ukutya esikutyayo kuhamba kwinkqubo yakho yokugaya ukutya, kwaye kulapho ke ekugqibeleni imveliso engcolileyo isuswa emzimbeni wakho. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nentlungu yesisu esisezantsi okanye utshintsho kwindlela oqhuba ngayo amathumbu akho (umz., ukopha, urhudo, ukuqhina), kusenokwenzeka ukuba yingxaki kwindlela yakho esezantsi yesisu.

Kulapho ke ingcebiso nonyango logqirha we-colorectal luba lubalulekile khona. Ayizizo zonke iimeko ezifuna utyando . Nangona kunjalo, xa kufuneka utyando, ukubona ingcali efana nale kunokukunceda ufumane unyango olusebenzayo. Ugqirha wakho okanye ingcali ye-gastroenterologist uza kukuthumela kugqirha we-colorectal ukuba bacinga ukuba le ngcali inokuyilawula kakuhle imeko yakho.

Okokugqibela, kufuneka ndikuxelele... (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku unombono olungileyo wokuba ngubani ugqirha wotyando lwe-colorectal, benza ntoni, kwaye zeziphi iintlobo zezifo abazinyangayo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ezi ngcali zikho ukuze zikuncede . Zinolwazi noqeqesho olufunekayo kwimeko yakho.

• Ukuba uneempawu ezingaqhelekanga ezinxulumene nekholoni yakho, i-rectum, okanye i-anus (umz., iintlungu zesisu ezingapheliyo, igazi kwi-tube yakho, utshintsho kwindlela ohamba ngayo, ukwehla kobunzima ngendlela engachazekiyo), musa ukuyityeshela loo nto . Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
• Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuthumele kugqirha we-colorectal, ungoyiki . Oko kuthetha ukuba unokufuna unyango olukhethekileyo .
• Khumbula, ngesayensi yezonyango yanamhlanje ephucukileyo, iimeko ezininzi ezinxulumene nale nkalo zinokulawulwa kwaye zinyangwe ngempumelelo .

Ngoko ke, kufuneka uhlale usempilweni! Ukuba uneengxaki, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumana ingcebiso efanelekileyo kwindawo efanelekileyo.

Ugqirha wotyando lwe - colouropathy, izifo ze-rectal, ugqirha wotyando lwe-colouropathy, umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, i-colonoscopy, inkqubo yokugaya ukutya, utyando