Masifunde ngeejini 'zomlindi' womzimba wethu (iiJini zoMcinezeli weeTumor) eziye zabeka umngcipheko kumhlaza!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba kukho abalindi abancinci ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu abanceda ekuthinteleni ukwakheka komhlaza? Ewe, yinyani. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwejini olulawula iiseli zomhlaza emizimbeni yethu. Ezi zifana 'nabalindi' emizimbeni yethu.

Zithini ezi 'genes zokuthintela ithumba'?

Ngamafutshane, ezi "Genes Suppressor Genes" liqela elikhulu lee-genes ezikhusela imizimba yethu kumhlaza. Ezi genes zisebenza njengeebhuleki zemoto. Ezi genes zenza uhlobo olukhethekileyo lweproteni. Ezi proteni zithintela iiseli ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo enokubangela umhlaza, kwaye zibeke "ibhuleki" kuyo.

Khawucinge ngento eyenzekayo ukuba le gene ithintela umhlaza ifumana uhlobo oluthile lotshintsho , oko kukuthi, utshintsho. Emva koko kufana nokususa iibhuleki emotweni uze unyathele i-accelerator. Ukukhula kweeseli ngequbuliso kukhawuleza kakhulu. Kulapho ke umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza uyanda khona.

Ezi gene zisebenza njani kanye kanye emizimbeni yethu?

Ukuze siqonde indlela ezisebenza ngayo ezi "Genes Suppressor Genes", kufuneka siqale sazi kancinci malunga nolwalamano phakathi kwe "DNA", ii-genes kunye neeseli.

Zonke iiseli ezizizigidigidi emzimbeni wethu zine-"DNA". Ngaphakathi kule "DNA" kukho ii-genes. Ezi genes zixelela iiseli into ekufuneka zenze, ixesha lokuba zahlulwe, kunye nexesha lokuba ziyeke nini ukwahlulwahlulwa.

Ngoku khawucinge ukuba ukuba i-gene enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwiseli ziyatshintsha , oko kukuthi, ziyatshintsha, ezo gene ziguqukileyo ziyayeka ukwenza iiproteni, okanye ziqala ukwenza iiproteni ezingaqhelekanga. Xa oko kusenzeka, ezo protein zingaqhelekanga zinokuyeka ukunika imiyalelo kwiiseli, okanye zinokunika imiyalelo engalunganga. Kumhlaza, le miyalelo mitsha ibangela ukuba iiseli zahlukane kwaye zande ngokungalawulekiyo, ekugqibeleni zenze amathumba .

Ngoko ke, into eyenziwa zezi gene zithintela umhlaza kukulawula ngokuchanekileyo inkqubo enzima ebizwa ngokuba yi-cell cycle. Oko kukuthi:

• Ithintela iiseli ukuba zingahlukani kwaye zingaphindaphindani ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ekhokelela ekudalweni kweethumba. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Iiseli zihlala ixesha elithile zize zife. Oku sikubiza ngokuba "yi-programmed cell death / apoptosis." Oko kukuthi, kunceda iiseli ezindala, ezonakeleyo zife ngokwendalo.
• Ilungisa umonakalo kwi-DNA onokwenzeka xa iiseli zahlukana ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo.
• Inceda ekuthinteleni ukuba iithumba ezinomhlaza zingasasazeki emzimbeni wonke, oko kukuthi, ekubeni ``zisasazeke.''

Ngamafutshane, ezi gene zezona ziqinisekisa ukuba iiseli emizimbeni yethu zisebenza ngocwangco nangendlela elawulwayo. Njengepolisa lendlela.

Kutheni ezi gene zitshintshatshintsha? Zithini izizathu?

Kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili zokuba ezi jini zithintela umhlaza zitshintshe.

1. Iinguqu ezizuzwe njengelifa:

Abanye abantu bazuza olu tshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo kubazali babo. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-gene eguquliweyo yayikhona kwiqanda okanye kwiseli yesidoda eyakubangela ukuba ukhulelwe. Umzekelo, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-Li-Fraumeni syndrome ibangelwa kukufumana i-gene eguquliweyo ethintela umhlaza kumzali.

Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu ozelwe ene-gene enye eguquliweyo unokuvelisa enye i-gene eguquliweyo kamva ebomini. Ukuba ne-gene ezimbini ezinjalo eziguquliweyo kwandisa umngcipheko wokufumana iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza, njengomhlaza webele. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukuzuza ezi gene akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza .

2. Iinguqu ezifunyenweyo:

Rhoqo, njengoko sikhula, ezi jini ezilwa nomhlaza ziyatshintshatshintsha. Imizimba yethu ifana nomgca wemveliso okhawulezayo. Xa kwenziwa iijini ezintsha, iimpazamo zinokwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuba le nkqubo ayilungiswanga kakuhle, ezi mpazamo zinokuqokelelana. Ziimpazamo ezinjalo ezibangela ukuba iijini ezilwa nomhlaza ziyeke ukusebenza.

Ziziphi iintlobo zezakhi zofuzo ezithintela ithumba eziguquliweyo? Makhe sijonge eminye imizekelo.

Abaphandi bezonyango ngoku bafumanise ii-genes ezingaphezu kwe-1,000 eziguqula umhlaza ezinokubangela umhlaza. Nazi ezinye zezona mizekelo ziphambili esiziva ngazo rhoqo:

• (iph.53) Ijini: Utshintsho, okanye utshintsho, kolu jini lufunyenwe lunxulunyaniswa ne-50% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza . Oku kuthetha ukuba olu lujini olubaluleke kakhulu.
• Ijini (RB1): Lo ngumzekelo wokuqala wotshintsho kwijini ethintela umhlaza ebangela umhlaza. Uphando lubonise ukuba le jini ``(RB1)`` iyatshintsha kubantu abanomhlaza oqhelekileyo njengomhlaza webele kunye nomhlaza weprostate.
• I-gene (CDKN2a): Le gene iguquguquka kubantu abane-melanoma ezuzwe njengelifa (uhlobo lomhlaza wesikhumba) kunye ne-pancreatic carcinoma. Ikwafumaneka kwi-25% ukuya kwi-30% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza eziveliswa ngabantu ngexesha lobomi babo. Umzekelo, inokufumaneka kumhlaza webele, umhlaza wemiphunga, umhlaza wesinyi, kunye nomhlaza we-pancreatic.
• Izakhi zofuzo (BRCA1) kunye (BRCA2): Usenokuba ukhe weva ngezi zakhi zofuzo. Abantu abanomhlaza webele kunye nomhlaza wesibeleko ozuzwe njengelifa, kunye nabo baba nomhlaza wesibeleko emva kwexesha, banotshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo "BRCA1". Abantu abanomhlaza webele ozuzwe njengelifa banokuba notshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo "BRCA2". Ezi zakhi zofuzo zonyusa umngcipheko wokufumana umhlaza webele, wesibeleko, kunye neminye imidla. Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha bacebisa uvavanyo lwezakhi zofuzo ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba nomhlaza webele okanye wesibeleko.
• Ijini (i-APC):Abantu abazelwe beneemeko zofuzo ezifana neGardner syndrome okanye iTurcot syndrome banenguqulelo eguquliweyo yale gene ``(APC)``. Abaphandi badibanise le gene ``(APC)`` eguquliweyo nomhlaza we-colorectal kunye nomhlaza wesibindi.
• I-gene (PTEN): Le gene (PTEN) iguquguquka kubantu abaneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, njengomhlaza webele, umhlaza weprostate, i-squamous carcinoma yentloko nentamo, kunye nomhlaza we-follicular thyroid.

Le yimizekelo embalwa nje. Zininzi ezinye iijini ezifana nale.

Ngaba kukho uvavanyo lwemfuza ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba ezi mfuza ziguqukile na?

Ewe, kukho uvavanyo lwemfuza olunokufumanisa utshintsho oluthile lwemfuza, oko kukuthi, utshintsho oluthile kwezi mfuza zithintela umhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu omele enze olu vavanyo.

Ngubani ofanelekileyo kuvavanyo lwemfuza?

Ngokutsho kweNational Cancer Institute, kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba kutheni ungacinga ngokwenza uvavanyo lwemfuza lomhlaza:

• Ukuba ufumene umhlaza ngaphambi kokuba ufikelele kwiminyaka engama-50.
• Ukuba ukhe waba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza.
• Ukuba unomhlaza kuzo zombini izitho zakho zomzimba (umzekelo, umhlaza kwizintso zombini, okanye umhlaza kumabele omabini).
• Ukuba izalamane ezininzi zenqanaba lokuqala kusapho lwakho ziye zanohlobo olufanayo lomhlaza, izalamane zenqanaba lokuqala ngabazali bakho, abantakwenu, kunye nabantwana. Abanye abaphandi bacebisa ukuba izalamane zenqanaba lesibini nelesithathu nazo zivavanywe.
• Ukuba amalungu amaninzi osapho lwakho akhe aba nomhlaza okanye anawo ngoku.
• Ukuba unohlobo oluthile lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga kubantu abaneminyaka okanye isini sakho. Umzekelo, umhlaza wamabele wamadoda.
• Ukuba unezinguqu zomzimba ezinxulumene nezinye izifo zomhlaza ezizuzwe njengelifa. Umzekelo, i-Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ngumhlaza ozuzwe njengelifa ohamba nezinye iimpawu, ezifana nezimila ezingezizo zomhlaza ezibizwa ngokuba yi-neurofibromas.
• Ukuba ungowohlanga oluthile okanye iqela elithile lohlanga, uyazi ukuba banomngcipheko omkhulu wokufumana ezinye izifo zomhlaza ezidluliselwa ngelifa, kwaye unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto zingasentla. Umzekelo, izifundo zibonise ukuba utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olubizwa ngokuba yi-`(BRCA1/2)` luqheleke kakhulu kwi-`(Ashkenazi Jewish)` (abantu bomnombo wamaJuda aseMbindini naseMpuma Yurophu).

Ngaba singayazi yonke into ngokuchanekileyo kwezi mvavanyo?

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Nokuba ufumana uvavanyo lwemfuza lomhlaza, usenokungafumani mpendulo icacileyo.Kwakhona, ukuba notshintsho kwimfuza akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza, kodwa kuthetha ukuba usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza.

Ukuba ukhathazekile ngomngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza, kungcono ukubona ugqirha wakho uze uthethe ngempilo yakho iyonke, imikhwa yakho yokuphila, kunye nembali yezonyango yosapho lwakho. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo lokuhlolwa komhlaza olulungele wena. Olu vavanyo alusoloko luvavanyo lwemfuza.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule? (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Kulungile, nazi izinto eziphambili ekufuneka uzikhumbule malunga ne-"Tumor Suppressor Genes" esithethe ngazo:

• Ezi jini zisebenza njengekhaka eliphambili elikukhusela kumhlaza .
• Zilawula isantya iiseli zakho ezahlukana ngaso, zibulala iiseli ezindala okanye ezonakeleyo, kwaye zilungisa umonakalo we-DNA.
• Ukuba ezi gene ziyatshintshatshintsha , iiseli zinokwahlukana kwaye zande ngokungalawulekiyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekudalweni kweethumba ezinomhlaza.
• Abaphandi bezonyango bafumanise ii-genes ezingaphezu kwe-1,000 ezinjalo ezithintela umhlaza.
• Kukho uvavanyo lwemfuza ukuze kuchongwe olu tshintsho lwemfuza, kodwa alufanelekanga kuye wonke umntu.
• Ukuba ukhathazekile okanye unenkxalabo malunga nomngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso. Ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela into onokuyenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza kunye novavanyo onokulufuna.

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ulufumene luluncedo. Ndiza kubonana kwakhona nelinye icebiso elibalulekileyo lezempilo elifana neli!

Isithinteli seTumor Iijini, umhlaza, utshintsho lwemfuza, i-DNA, iiseli, uvavanyo lwemfuza, umngcipheko womhlaza