Usenokuba ukhe weva ugqirha ejonga ingxelo yovavanyo lwegazi aze athi, " Iiplatelet zakho ziphantsi kancinci." Okanye usenokuba uzive usoyika xa ungakwazi ukuyeka ukopha nokuba kuthe kwasikeka kancinci. Oku kuncipha kwenani leeplatelet egazini yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yiThrombocytopenia kwezonyango. Musa ukoyika. Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula nangokucacileyo.
Kutheni iiplatelets zegazi zincipha ngolu hlobo?
Ngamafutshane, iiplatelets luhlobo lweeseli ezincinci ezinceda ukujiya kwegazi . Zenziwa kumongo wethambo ngaphakathi emathanjeni ethu. Cinga ngomongo wethu wethambo njengomzi-mveliso owenza iiplatelets. Kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili zokuba le meko inokwenzeka. Nokuba imveliso yale fektri iyancipha. Okanye, iiplatelets eziveliswayo zitshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni.
Ngoku masibone ukuba zeziphi izizathu zoku. Masijonge le theyibhile ukuze sikuqonde kakuhle oku.
| Izizathu zokwehla kwemveliso yeeplatelet | Izizathu zokutshatyalaliswa kweeplatelets zegazi eziveliswayo |
|---|---|
| Izifo zegazi ezichaphazela umongo wethambo (umz. i-Aplastic Anemia). | Izifo ezihlasela umzimba ngokwawo, ezifana ne-lupus okanye i-ITP, zihlasela iiseli zomzimba ezisempilweni. |
| Umhlaza owonakalisa umongo wethambo, njenge-leukemia okanye i-lymphoma. | Usulelo lwebhaktheriya (i-bacteremia) olungena egazini. |
| Izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana ne-chickenpox, i-mumps, i-HIV, kunye ne-Epstein-Barr. | Amanye amayeza (umz., amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane e-sulfa, i-heparin yokuthintela ukujiya kwegazi, i-phenytoin yokunyanga isifo sokuwa). |
| Ukusela utywala kakhulu ixesha elide. | Izifo ezingaqhelekanga ezibandakanya ukujiya kwegazi, ezifana ne-TTP okanye i-DIC. |
| I-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation yomhlaza. | I-Hemolytic uremic syndrome yimeko engaqhelekanga etshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwaye ichaphazela izintso. |
| Ukuchatshazelwa ziikhemikhali ezifana nezibulala-zinambuzane kunye ne-arsenic. | Iintsholongwane ezifana ne-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), i-hepatitis C, kunye ne-HIV. |
Ukongeza kwezi zizathu, ngamanye amaxesha ezi platelets zinokunamathela kwaye ziqokelele ngaphakathi kwipleyini , ilungu elisemzimbeni wethu. Kwakhona, ngexesha lokukhulelwa, le meko inokwenzeka okwethutyana kuba ezinye iiplatelets zabasetyhini zisuswa emizimbeni yabo ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo.
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
Uninzi lwexesha, ukubala iiplatelet ezisezantsi akubonisi zimpawu. Kodwa ukuba iimpawu ziyenzeka, ezona ziphambili kukopha kunye nokukrweleka. Ungabona namabala amancinci, abomvu okanye amfusa eluswini lwakho. La abizwa ngokuba yipetechiae .
Ezi zizinto eziphuma igazi emzimbeni okanye ngaphandle kwawo. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kuphuma kwegazi kunokuba nzima kwaye kube nzima ukukuyeka.
Ukongeza, ezi mpawu zinokubonwa:
- Ukopha okuphuma kwiintsini okanye empumlweni.
- Igazi kumchamo okanye kwindle.
- Ukopha kakhulu ngexesha lesexesheni kwabasetyhini.
- Intloko ebuhlungu .
- Ukudinwa rhoqo nokudinwa .
- Ukutyheli kolusu namehlo (i-jaundice).
- Ukudumba kwe-spleen.
Ezi mpawu ziqala emva kokuba inani leeplatelet zakho lehlile kakhulu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ubona into efana nale.
Uyifumana njani le nto, Gqirha?
Xa usiya kugqirha wakho, uza kukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango kunye neempawu zakho zangoku. Emva koko uza kuhlola umzimba wakho aze ajonge imivumbo, i-petechiae, kunye neempawu zosulelo, ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye nezilonda zesikhumba.
Emva koko, ngokuqinisekileyo uza kucelwa ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwegazi, oko kukuthi, inani elipheleleyo legazi. Ngokwesiqhelo, umntu osempilweni uneeplatelets eziphakathi kwe-150,000 kunye ne-450,000 kwi-microliter nganye yegazi. Ukuba eli nani liwela ngaphantsi kwe-50,000, umngcipheko wokopha uyanda.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwingcali yegazi (i-hematologist). Ukongeza, unokucelwa ukuba wenze olunye uvavanyo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-blood smear: Kulapho imo kunye nempilo yeeplatelets zakho zijongwa khona nge-microscope.
- Uvavanyo lwe-bone marrow: Oku kukuvumela ukuba ujonge nzulu iintlobo zeeseli eziku-bone marrow kunye nempilo yazo.
- Uvavanyo lokujiya kwegazi: Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo olujonga ukuba inkqubo yokujiya kwegazi isebenza kakuhle na.
Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?
Yile nto ekufuneka siyilumkele ngokukodwa.
- Ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho lehla ngaphantsi kwama-50,000, nokuba yingozi encinci inokubangela ukopha kakhulu.
- Ukuba eli nani lehla ngaphantsi kwama-30,000, nokuba yinto encinci, engalindelekanga inokubangela ukopha okukhulu.
- Ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho lehla ngaphantsi kwe-10,000, ungaqala ukopha ngokuyingozi emzimbeni wakho, nokuba akukho monakalo. Kunqabile kakhulu, oku kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezisongela ubomi, ezifana nokopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufuna unyango ngenxa yesi simo.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Unyango luxhomekeke kumlinganiselo weeplatelet zakho kunye nemeko ebangela oko.
- Ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho alikho phantsi kakhulu, usenokungadingi naluphi na unyango. Ugqirha wakho uza kulijonga.
- Ngamanye amaxesha, inani leeplatelet libuyela kwisiqhelo xa unobangela umisiwe. Umzekelo, ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba kukho iyeza elibangela ingxaki, ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa elo yeza.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinzima (i-thrombocytopenia enzima), ugqirha unokumisela unyango olufana nolu:
- Amayeza e-steroid: Ukuba oku kungenxa yengxaki kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, la mayeza anikwa ukuthintela umzimba ekutshabalaliseni iiplatelets zawo.
- IVIG (Intravenous Immune Globulin): Olu nyango lunikwa ukuba awukwazi ukuthatha ii-steroids, okanye ukuba ufuna ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza inani leeplatelet zakho.
- Utofelo-gazi okanye iiplatelet:Ukunika umzimba igazi okanye iiplatelets ezivela kumntu ophilileyo.
- I-Splenectomy: Kuphela xa ezinye iindlela zonyango zingaphumeleli ukulawula imeko, i-spleen, etshabalalisa iiplatelets, isuswa ngotyando.
- Amanye amayeza: Ukuba olu nyango aluyilawuli imeko, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amanye amayeza athile, anjenge-elthrombopag (Promacta, Revolade) okanye i-romiplostim (Nplate).
Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuthintela ukopha?
Ukuba amanqanaba akho eeplatelet aphantsi, zinyamekele ezi zinto ukuze uthintele ukopha.
- Musa ukuthatha amayeza okudambisa iintlungu afana ne-aspirin kunye ne-ibuprofen, ezichaphazela ukujiya kwegazi, ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
- Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala. Utywala bunokunyusa ukopha kwegazi.
- Musa ukudlala imidlalo enokubangela ukwenzakala, efana nebhola ekhatywayo, ibhoksi, kunye neragbi, okwethutyana.
- Xa uhlamba amazinyo akho, sebenzisa ibhrashi yamazinyo ethambileyo ukuze ungonakalisi iintsini zakho.
- Nxiba ibhanti yokhuseleko rhoqo xa ukhwela imoto. Ukuba usebenza ngoomatshini, nxiba iiglavu zokhuseleko kunye neeglasi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Thrombocytopenia kukuncipha kweeplatelets egazini, ezibalulekileyo ekuqiniseni ukujiya kwegazi.
- Zininzi izizathu zoku. Ukuncipha kwemveliso yi-bone mongo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwee-platelet, amayeza, okanye ezinye iimeko zonyango konke oku kunokubangela oku.
- Ukudumba, ukopha okungapheliyo, kunye namabala abomvu eluswini (i-petechiae) zezona mpawu ziphambili. Ukuba ubona into efana nale , bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Unyango luxhomekeke kumlinganiselo weeplatelet kunye nesizathu esiyintloko. Ngamanye amaxesha akukho nyango lufunekayo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha amayeza athile okanye unyango luyafuneka.
- Ukuba unale meko, qiniseka ukuba uyaziphepha izinto ezinokubangela ukwenzakala kunye namayeza angavunywanga ngugqirha wakho.
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