Ingaba kunzima ukuxilonga isifo sakho? Masithethe ngoogqirha bezifo ezisulelayo!

Sifumana izifo ezahlukeneyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, akunjalo? Ezinye zazo ziyaphola kwiintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Kodwa kukho ezinye izifo ezinzima ukuzibona kwaye zinzima ukuzinyanga. Kulapho ke sidinga uncedo loogqirha abaziingcali. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeqela loogqirha abaziingcali. Abo ngoogqirha abaziingcali, okanye njengoko sitsho ngesiNgesi, `( oogqirha abaziintsholongwane )` okanye `(oogqirha abaziintsholongwane)`.

Ngubani le ngcali yezifo ezosulelayo?

Ngamafutshane, ingcali yezifo ezisulelayo ngugqirha ofumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwizifo ezisulelayo. Bafana nabaphandi abaphanda izinto ezincinci ezingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Banobuchule bokufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye le sifo kwaye banike unyango olufanelekileyo lwaso.

Ngoko ke, yintoni isifo esosulelayo?

Kulungile, masibone ukuba yintoni esi sifo sisulelayo. Isifo esisulelayo sisifo esibangelwa ziintsholongwane eziyingozi ezingena emizimbeni yethu. Ezi ntsholongwane zincinci kakhulu, zincinci kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu zezi:

• Iintsholongwane
• Iintsholongwane
• Iifungi
• Iintsholongwane

Ezi zinto ziphilayo zisijikelezile. Khawucinge nje, zinokuba selukhumbeni lwethu, emoyeni esiwuphefumlayo, emanzini esiwaselayo, ekutyeni esikutyayo. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, siphila nezinye zezi zinto ziphilayo ngaphandle kweengxaki. Azisibangeli ngxaki. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ezi zinto ziphilayo zingena emizimbeni yethu, zonakalise iiseli zomzimba wethu, kwaye zibangele izifo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zifo ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba zincinci kakhulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba yingozi kakhulu kangangokuba zingasongela ubomi.

Zisasazeka njani ezi zifo zisulelayo?

Izifo ezisulelayo zinokusasazeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

• Ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye: Izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane zisasazeka emoyeni xa umntu ethimla okanye ekhohlela. Ezinye izifo zinokusasazeka nangokuchukumisa.
• Ukusuka ekutyeni okanye emanzini angcolileyo: Ezinye iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane zinokungena emizimbeni yethu ukusuka ekutyeni okanye emanzini angcolileyo. Umzekelo, usulelo lweSalmonella.
• Ukusuka emhlabeni: Ezinye iintsholongwane zihlala emhlabeni. Ezi zinokungena emzimbeni ngenxeba.
• Kwizinambuzane nakwizilwanyana: Izifo zinokudluliselwa kwizilwanyana ezifana neengcongconi, iintakumba, kunye neenkowane. Ezinye izilwanyana zinokudlulisela izifo ngokulunywa okanye ukukrwelwa.

Ezi zifo zisulelayo zinokuchaphazela ulusu lwethu, indlela yomchamo, imiphunga, igazi, kwaye ngokwenene naliphi na ilungu lomzimba wethu. Izifo ezisulelayo zixhaphake kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Kodwa ezinye zixhaphake kakhulu kunezinye. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngomkhuhlane, imasisi, umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, umphimbo obuhlungu, kunye ne-COVID-19.

Ngaba siyamdinga lo gqirha ukhethekileyo kuzo zonke izifo ezincinci?

Hayi, oko akunyanzelekanga. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uhlale ubona ingcali yezifo ezosulelayo xa unomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane omncinci. Ugqirha wakho wosapho okanye ugqirha oqhelekileyo unokunyanga ezi zifo zincinci.

Ngoko ke ifuneka nini le ngcali? Ingcali yezifo ezosulelayo iyadingeka ukunyanga nokulawula izifo ekunzima ukuzifumanisa, ezinzima, ezinzima, okanye ezihlala ixesha elide (ezingapheliyo).

Khawucinge nje, ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha akakwazi ukuqonda ukuba siyintoni kanye kanye esi sifo. Okanye amayeza abawanikelayo awancedi. Kulapho ke aba gqirha abaziingcali beba luncedo khona. Bafana nabaphandi abazama ukufumana unobangela wesifo. Bazama ukufumana unobangela wesifo ngokujonga yonke into encinci kwimbali yakho yezonyango kunye neziphumo zelebhu.

Ngoko ke, yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa yingcali yezifo ezisulelayo?

Ingcali yezifo ezisulelayo ngugqirha ogxile ekuxilongeni, ekulawuleni, nasekunyangeni izifo ezibukhali nezingapheliyo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezincinci ezifana neebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, iifungi, iiparasites kunye neeprions.

Amaxesha amaninzi azisebenzi zodwa. Basebenzisana nabanye oogqirha kunye neengcali ukuxilonga nokuceba unyango. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa bengakwazi ukufumana unobangela wesifo, bafuna uncedo kwezi ngcali.

Kwakhona, aba gqirha bachitha iiyure bephanda, bezama ukufumanisa indlela ezi ntsholongwane ezichaphazela ngayo iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wethu, kunye nendlela ezi zidalwa ezichaphazela ngayo uluntu lwethu. Bakwafumana ulwazi ngezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Iintsholongwane ezintsha okanye ezitshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Usulelo luyasasazeka, ingakumbi ngokuhambahamba kwamanye amazwe.
• Ii-antibiotics, ii-antivirals, kunye nee-vaccinations zifundwa nzulu.

Liliphi ixesha esifanele sibone ugqirha we-ID?

Rhoqo, ugqirha wosapho lwakho okanye omnye umntu ochwephesha onyangayo uza kukuthumela kugqirha wezifo ezisulelayo (ID Doctor). Oku kungenxa yokuba bafuna uncedo olongezelelweyo lokuxilonga nokunyanga usulelo lwakho. Mhlawumbi usulelo aluqhelekanga, lunzima, lukho ixesha elide, okanye alukhange lufunyanwe.

Umzekelo, ugqirha wesikhumba angafuna uncedo kugqirha we-ID ngenxa yemeko engaqhelekanga yolusu angayaziyo. Ngokufanayo, ugqirha wezifo zamaphaphu angafuna uncedo kubo ukuze afumane unobangela we-pneumonia enzima ukunyangwa.

Ezinye iindlela oogqirha be-ID abanceda ngazo abanye oogqirha:

• Ukuchonga izifo okanye iintsholongwane ekunzima ukuzibona, ezintsonkothileyo.
• Ukuchonga intsholongwane ebangela iimpawu zomntu.
• Ukuhlalutya iingxelo zovavanyo lwelabhoratri, ezifana nomsebenzi wegazi, kunye nokwenza izigqibo.
• Ukunyanga izifo ezinganyangekiyo ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane (oko kukuthi, kwiimeko apho isifo singaphucukiyo ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane adla ngokunikezelwa).
• Ukufumana unobangela weempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophezulu ongachazwanga okanye inani eliphezulu leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi.
• Ukubonelela ngononophelo olukhethekileyo lwexesha elide kwizifo ezingapheliyo ezifana ne-HIV/AIDS okanye i-Hepatitis.
• Ukuze kuncitshiswe usulelo kwiindawo zonyango ezifana nezibhedlele, sicebisa ukuba kuphuhliswe izikhokelo zee-antibiotics kunye nee-vaccines, kugqitywe ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zee-disinfectants ekufuneka zisetyenziswe, kunye neentlobo zezixhobo zokuzikhusela (PPE) ekufuneka zisetyenziswe.

Ziziphi ezinye zezifo ezinyangwa ngoogqirha be-ID?

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo ezosulelayo ehlabathini. Nazi ezinye zezona meko zixhaphakileyo ezinyangwa yingcali yezifo ezosulelayo:

• Usulelo lweClostridium difficile (C. diff) (le yintsholongwane ebangela ukudumba kwesisu kunye norhudo)
• Usulelo lwe-E. coli (le ikwayibhaktheriya ebangela ukutyhefeka kokutya)
• Umkhuhlane wesizathu esingaziwayo
• I-Hepatitis (usulelo lwentsholongwane oluchaphazela isibindi)
• `I-HIV/AIDS`
• I-Leukocytosis (ubuninzi beeseli ezimhlophe zegazi)
• Isifo seLyme kunye nezinye izifo ezithwalwa ziikhakhayi
• I-Mascus
• Isifo se-Meningococcal (usulelo olunzima olufana ne-meningitis)
• UMpox `(Mpox)`
• Iingqukuva
• I-Rubella
• Izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (ii-STI)
• Usulelo lweStreptococcal (usulelo lomphimbo, usulelo lolusu, njl.njl.)
• Isifo sephepha (TB)
• Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo (iPertussis)

Olu luhlu aluphelelanga, kodwa ezi zezona meko bazibona rhoqo.

Yintoni omele uyilindele xa ubona ugqirha we-ID?

Xa ubona ingcali yezifo ezosulelayo, iya kuqala ikuhlole ngokwasemzimbeni. Emva koko iya kukubuza ngembali yakho epheleleyo yezonyango. Isenokukubuza imibuzo emininzi malunga neempawu zakho, amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nendawo ohlala kuyo. Imibuzo yokusingqongileyo ibandakanya izinto ezifana nezilwanyana onazo ekhaya, nokuba ukhe wahamba kwelinye ilizwe, nokuba uchitha ixesha elininzi ngaphandle, okanye ukuba usebenza neekhemikhali. Lonke olu lwazi lubalulekile kubo ukuze bafumanise isifo.

Emva koko, banokuyalela iimvavanyo ezithile, ezinje ngezi, ukunceda ekuxilongeni imeko:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Uvavanyo lomchamo
• Iisampuli zendle `(Iisampuli zendle)`
• Iiswabhu zomqala
• Ukuhlolwa kweethishu (ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesikhumba ukuze lihlolwe)
• Uvavanyo lokucinga olufana ne-X-Ray, i-MRI, kunye ne-CT scans
• Ukubhoboza umqolo/Ukubhoboza iLumbar

Kungeziphumo zezi mvavanyo apho ugqirha anokukwazi ukufumanisa unobangela ochanekileyo wesifo sakho aze aqalise unyango olungcono.

Umntu uba yingcali yezifo ezosulelayo njani?

Ukuba yingcali yezifo ezosulelayo akulula. Kufuneka babe nesidanga esisisiseko sezonyango njengabanye oogqirha. Kodwa ukongeza, bachitha iminyaka eliqela befunda nge-immunology (uphando lwenkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela) kunye ne-epidemiology (uphando lwezizathu zezifo kunye nendlela ezisasazeka ngayo).

Banolwazi olubanzi malunga nendlela iintsholongwane ezifana neentsholongwane, iiparasites, iibhaktheriya kunye neefungi ezichaphazela ngayo imizimba yethu, indlela ezibangela ngayo izifo, kunye nendlela yokuzilawula.

Amanqanaba emfundo noqeqesho abawagqibayo koku ngala:

• Isidanga esisisiseko.
• Iminyaka emine yokufunda kwisikolo sezonyango.
• Iminyaka emithathu yoqeqesho lokuhlala kwi-Internal Medicine.
• Ubudlelwane kwizifo ezisulelayo (ngesiqhelo iminyaka emibini).
• Abanye abantu baya phambili baze bafumane omnye unyaka woqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwicandelo elithile, njengosulelo lokufakelwa amalungu omzimba.
• Emva koko kufuneka ufumane isiqinisekiso sebhodi.

Ungabona ukuba oku kufuna ukuzinikela okungakanani.

Basebenza phi aba gqirha?

Iingcali zezifo ezisulelayo zisebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

• Abanye abantu bagxila kuphando kwaye basebenza kumaziko ezempilo karhulumente, afana neZiko loLawulo lweZifo kunye nokuThintela (i-CDC) eMelika.
• Abanye basebenza kwicandelo lezonyango, oko kukuthi ezibhedlele okanye kumaziko ezempilo oluntu, behlala bebona izigulana.

Ngoko ke, ukuba unesifo esosulelayo esinzima ukusixilonga kwaye kunzima ukunyanga, ugqirha wakho wosapho unokukuthumela kwingcali yezifo ezosulelayo. Baziingcali kwizifo ezibangelwa ziibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, iifungi, kunye neeparasites. Baza kusebenza nabanye oogqirha bakho ukulawula imeko yakho kwaye bakuncede uphile ngokukhawuleza.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

• Ingcali yezifo ezisulelayo ngugqirha oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekileyo onyanga izifo ezintsonkothileyo, ezinzima ukubonwa, okanye ezinzulu.
• Ayizizo zonke izifo ezincinci ezifuna lo gqirha ukhethekileyo. Ugqirha wakho wosapho, uMnu.Inokunceda amaxesha amaninzi.
• Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuthumele kwingcali ye-ID, oko kuthetha ukuba imeko yakho ifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo nolwazi olukhethekileyo. Ungakhathazeki, bakulungele ukukunceda.
• Aba gqirha baqala unyango emva kokumamela ngononophelo iimpawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango, baze benze uvavanyo olufunekayo.
• Khumbula, ukubona ingcali efanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunokukunceda ukhawulezise ukuchacha kwakho.

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku unolwazi olungcono ngeengcali zezifo ezisulelayo. Hlala usempilweni!

Izifo ezosulelayo, iingcali, usulelo, iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, unyango, impilo