Ngaba uyayazi into yovavanyo lwe-mammogram? Makhe sithethe ngayo ngokweenkcukacha!

Mhlawumbi ukhe waliva igama elithi "mammogram." Mhlawumbi umhlobo okanye isihlobo sakho sikhe sayivavanya. Okanye mhlawumbi ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ukuba uyiva. Abantu abaninzi bayoyika kancinci baze baxhalabe xa besiva igama. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye i-mammogram? Ijonge ntoni? Ngaba yinto yokoyika? Makhe sithethe ngayo yonke le nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula, namhlanje.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-mammogram?

Ngamafutshane, i-mammogram luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-X-ray oluhlola izicwili ezisemabeleni akho. Lusebenzisa amanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu emitha. Kufana nokufumana i-X-ray xa waphula ithambo engalweni okanye emlenzeni, kodwa kwenziwa ngomatshini owenzelwe ngokukodwa amabele.

Oogqirha basebenzisa olu vavanyo lwe-mammogram ngezizathu ezibini eziphambili:

1. Uvavanyo lweMammogram: Oku kwenzelwa ukujonga iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza webele ngaphambi kokuba kuvele naziphi na iimpawu. Njengokuba sithatha amanyathelo okhuseleko ngaphambi kokuba sifumane isifo.

2. I-Diagnostic Mammogram: Ukuba uneempawu ezifana neqhuma elitsha ebeleni lakho, iintlungu, ukuphuma kwamanzi kwingono, okanye utshintsho eluswini lwebele lakho, olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela.

Cinga ngako oku, ngaphandle komhlaza wolusu, umhlaza webele lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza kubasetyhini. Ngokweminye imibiko, i-15% yomhlaza osandula ukufunyaniswa ngumhlaza webele. Ukufunyanwa kwesi sifo kwangethuba kunokusindisa ubomi bakho. Ukuba umhlaza webele ufunyaniswa kwangethuba, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu liphezulu njenge-99%! Ngoko ke, le mammogram ifana nomgangatho wegolide wokubamba utshintsho kwizicubu zebele ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-mammograms?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-mammograms:

• I-digital mammography kwi-2D: Oku kuquka ukuthatha imifanekiso yelinye lamabele akho ukusuka kumacala omabini (ngesiqhelo ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kunye necala ukuya kwelinye).
• I-digital mammography kwi-3D (i-digital breast tomosynthesis): Le yiteknoloji yamva nje. Kule nto, ibele lakho licinezelwa kube kanye, kwaye umatshini uhamba nge-arc, uthatha imifanekiso eliqela ye-X-ray. Le mifanekiso emva koko idibaniswa yikhompyutha kwaye yenziwe "iziqwenga". Oku kuvumela oogqirha ukuba babone izicubu zebele lakho kwiimilinganiselo ezintathu (3D). Oku kwandisa ukuchaneka kovavanyo.

Ngaba i-mammogram ingawubona ngokuqinisekileyo umhlaza?

Nantsi into ekufuneka uyiqonde: I-mammogram inokunceda ekufumaneni umhlaza, kodwa ayinakutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ngumhlaza.

Nokuba i-mammogram ibonisa izicubu zebele ezingaqhelekanga, ayiqinisekisi ukuba ngumhlaza na. Endaweni yoko, i-mammogram sisixhobo esibalulekileyo esinceda oogqirha bagqibe ukuba ngaba ufuna uvavanyo olongezelelweyo, olufana ne-biopsy yebele. I-biopsy yebele yeyona ndlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba izicubu zinomhlaza okanye akunjalo.

Uneminyaka emingaphi ubudala ofanele uyenze i-mammogram?

Ngokubanzi, i-US Preventive Services Task Force icebisa ukuba bonke abafazi abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-75 ubudala benze i-mammogram rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini . Nangona kunjalo, eminye imibutho yezonyango inokuba neengcebiso ezahlukeneyo kancinci. Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba yintoni ekulungeleyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza webele, kunokufuneka wenze ii-mammograms ngaphambi kokuba ufikelele kwiminyaka engama-40 ubudala, okanye rhoqo. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa novavanyo olongezelelweyo, olufana ne-ultrasound yebele lonke okanye i-MRI yebele (magnetic resonance imaging).

Ugqirha wakho angenza uvavanyo lomngcipheko womhlaza webele ukuze afumanise ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu na. Ukuba unezinye zezinto ezibangela umngcipheko ezingezantsi, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba ungaqala nini ukufumana ii-mammograms zonyaka:

• Ukuba ukhe waba nomhlaza webele ngaphambili.
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho (umama, udadewenu, intombi yakho) okhe waba nomhlaza webele okanye umhlaza wesibeleko.
• Iinguqu zemfuza ezizuzwe njengelifa, umzekelo, ii-genes ze-`(BRCA1)` kunye ne-`(BRCA2)`.
• Ukuba uneengxaki ezithile zebele ezingezizo ezomhlaza (ezingenobungozi), umzekelo, i-atypical ductal hyperplasia.
• Ukuba amabele akho aqinile.

Ngamanye amaxesha, amadoda anokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu ngenxa yembali yosapho. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kucetyiswa ukuba bathathe ii-mammogram. Nangona kunjalo, ngokomyinge, malunga nomhlaza webele omnye kuphela kwi-100 okhula kumadoda.

Ndifanele ndiyenze kangaphi i-mammogram?

Oku kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomngcipheko wakho. Ukuba usemngciphekweni oqhelekileyo wokuba nomhlaza webele, kufuneka wenze i-mammogram rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini ukususela kwiminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Ukuba umngcipheko wakho uphezulu, kunokufuneka uqale kwangethuba okanye uyenze rhoqo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neshedyuli ye-mammogram efanelekileyo kuwe, ngokusekelwe kwimbali yakho yezonyango kunye nezinye izinto.

Isebenza njani i-mammogram?

I-mammogram isebenzisa umatshini we-X-ray owenzelwe ngokukodwa izicwili zebele. Ii-X-ray ezikhutshwa yile matshini zinemitha ephantsi kunee-X-ray ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlola ithambo.

Ngexesha le-mammogram, ibele lakho libekwa kwipleyiti yokuxhasa eqhotyoshelwe kumatshini we-X-ray. Emva koko, ingcali icinezela ibele lakho kancinci ngesinye isikhonkwane. Ii-X-ray ezivela kumatshini zidlula esifubeni sakho zize zibethe i-detector kwelinye icala. Le detector ithumela imiqondiso ye-elektroniki kwikhompyutha ukuze yenze umfanekiso wedijithali. Le mifanekiso ibizwa ngokuba yi-mammograms.

Usenokuzibuza ukuba kutheni amabele ecinezelwe ngolu hlobo. Zininzi izizathu zoku:

* Gcina amabele akho engashukumi. Ukuba ayashukuma, imifanekiso isenokuba ayicacanga.

* Yenza imo yebele ibe tyaba, uvumele ii-X-rays zihambe umgama omfutshane ukuya kwisixhobo sokufumanisa. Oku kuvumela idosi yemitha ephantsi kunye nomgangatho ophucukileyo womfanekiso.

Ngubani owenza i-mammogram?

I-mammogram yenziwa yingcali ye-radiology okanye yi-mammographer. Banoqeqesho olukhethekileyo lokwenza oku ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuchanekileyo. Emva koko, ingcali ye-radiology, ugqirha oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa, ijonga kwaye ihlalutye imifanekiso ye-mammogram. Uthumela iziphumo kugqirha wakho, aze akuxelele ngazo.

Ulungiselela njani i-mammogram?

Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule xa ubhukisha i-mammogram nangosuku lwayo:

• Xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba uyancancisa, ukhulelwe, okanye ucinga ukuba ukhulelwe . Uza kukuxelela ixesha elifanelekileyo lokwenza i-mammogram, okanye uqale nge-ultrasound.
• Ukuba usesexesheni , musa ukwenza i-mammogram kwiveki engaphambi okanye ngexesha lokuya exesheni. Amabele akho asenokuba novakalelo ngakumbi ngeli xesha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuvavanya.
• Ukuba une -implants zamabele okanye usandul’ ukufumana isitofu sokugonya, nceda ukhankanye oku xa ubhukisha i-mammogram yakho.

Landela la manyathelo ngosuku lwakho lwe-mammogram:

• Landela indlela yakho eqhelekileyo yokwenza izinto - yitya, usele, kwaye usele amayeza akho aqhelekileyo.
• Musa ukusebenzisa i-deodorant, i-perfume, i-lotion, okanye i-body powder. Ezi mveliso zinokuphazamisana nokuchaneka kwemifanekiso ye-X-ray.
• Kuvavanyo, kuya kufuneka ukhulule impahla yakho ngaphezu kwesinqe. Endaweni yoko, uza kunikwa ilokhwe okanye ilaphu lokunxiba.

Yintoni omele uyilindele xa usenza i-mammogram?

Nazi iindlela ezenzeka ngexesha le-mammogram:

1. Kuya kufuneka ukhulule zonke iimpahla kunye nezacholo ezingaphezulu kwesinqe. Uza kunikwa into efana nengubo yesibhedlele evulekileyo ngaphambili.

2. Uza kuma phambi komatshini wokwenza i-mammography. Ingcali iza kukucela ukuba ukhuphe ibele elinye kwi-gown.

3. Beka ibele lakho kwipleyiti yokuxhasa ibele.

4. Ingcali iza kucinezela ibele lakho kancinci kwipleyiti yokuxhasa nge-paddle yeplastiki. Ungaziva ungakhululekanga okanye ucinezelekile ngexesha lokucinezela. Ukuba awukwazi ukunyamezela uxinzelelo, xelela ingcali. Baya kwenza uhlengahlengiso ngokufanelekileyo.

5. Umatshini uthatha imifanekiso ngelixa ubambe ibele lakho.

6. Ukuba unamabele amabini, yenza okufanayo nakwelinye ibele.

7. Nje ukuba umatshini ugqibile ukuthatha imifanekiso, uvavanyo luphelile. Ungabuyela ezingubeni zakho uhambe.

Uninzi lwabantu lunokwenza imisebenzi yalo yesiqhelo emva kokwenza i-mammogram.

Ngaba i-mammogram ibuhlungu?

Abanye abantu baziva bengakhululekanga ngexesha le-mammogram kuba izicubu zebele zixinene. Abanye banokuziva iintlungu. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba i-mammogram luvavanyo oluthatha imizuzu embalwa nje, kwaye ukungonwabi akuhlali ixesha elide. Ukuba uziva iintlungu eziqatha, xelela ingcali ngoko nangoko.

Ubungakanani bokungonwabi ozivayo buxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Ubungakanani kunye nobunzima bamabele akho.
• Indlela ofuna amabele akho aqine ngayo.
• Nokuba sele uza kuba sexesheni, okanye usexesheni ngeentsuku zakho.
• Izakhono zobuchwephesha be-radiological.
• Ukukwazi kwakho ukuhlala ukhululekile kwaye ugcine ukuma kwakho ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha imifanekiso emihle.

Ithatha ixesha elingakanani i-mammogram?

I-mammogram yokuhlola idla ngokuthatha malunga nemizuzu eli-15-20 . I-mammogram yokuxilonga ingathatha ixesha elide kuba ugqirha unokufuna ukuthatha eminye imifanekiso.

Ngaba ii-mammogram zikhuselekile?

Iimammograms ziveza amabele akho kwimitha encinci yelanga. Nangona kunjalo, iingenelo zemammogram zingaphezulu kakhulu kunengozi enokubakho ngenxa yokuvezwa kwimitha yelanga.

Ukuba ukhulelwe, xelela ugqirha wakho kunye nochwephesha. Nangona ii-mammogram zikhuselekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa, oogqirha banokucebisa ukuba uhlehlise ukuhlolwa kwee-mammogram ukuba awukho semngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza wamabele kwaye ukhulelwe.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo ze-mammogram?

Ngokwesiqhelo uza kufumana iziphumo zakho ze-mammogram kwiintsuku ezimbalwa . Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokwahluka ngokweendawo. Rhoqo, iingcali ze-radiology ziza kuthelekisa i-mammogram yakho yamva nje kunye ne-mammograms zangaphambili. Nje ukuba bagqibe ukujonga i-mammogram yakho, baza kuthumela iziphumo kuwe nakugqirha wakho.

Ukuba awufumani ziphumo zakho kwisithuba senyanga, nxibelelana nogqirha wakho okanye nendawo apho wenze khona i-mammogram.

Zithini iziphumo zokuhlolwa kwe-mammogram?

Uza kufumana ileta elula, elula ukuyiqonda eneenkcukacha ezisisiseko malunga neziphumo zakho. Ingakuxelela ukuba iziphumo zakho ziqhelekile na okanye ukuba kufuneka ubuye ukuze ufumane eminye imifanekiso. Ingxelo yakho ye-mammogram iza kuquka nolwazi malunga nobunzima bebele lakho. Oku kuxhomekeke ekubeni ingakanani izicubu ezine-fibrous kunye ne-glandular emabeleni akho xa kuthelekiswa nezicubu ezinamafutha. Olu lwazi ngoku lufuneka ngokomthetho ukuba lufakwe kwingxelo yakho. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga neziphumo zakho, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho.

Ingxelo yeMifanekiso yamabele kunye neNkqubo yeDatha (BI-RADS)

Iingcali ze-radiology kunye noogqirha basebenzisa inkqubo eqhelekileyo ukuchaza iziphumo zovavanyo kunye ne-diagnostic mammograms. Ibizwa ngokuba yi -BI-RADS . Le nkqubo yahlula iziphumo zibe ngamaqela ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-6. Le nkqubo ikunika udidi lwakho, iziphumo, kunye nengcaciso (kubandakanya umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza).

Yintoni i-mammogram eqhelekileyo?

I-mammogram eqhelekileyo ithetha ukuba ingcali ye-radiologist ayifumananga ngxaki okanye iingxaki emabeleni akho kwimifanekiso. Ukuba i-mammogram yakho iqhelekile, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokwenza ii-mammogram ngamaxesha athile acetyiswe ngugqirha wakho. Ukuhlola ii-mammograms kuluncedo kakhulu xa ingcali ye-radiologist inokuzithelekisa nezo zakho zangaphambili kwaye ifumane utshintsho emabeleni akho.

Yintoni i-mammogram engaqhelekanga?

Ukuba i-mammogram ibonisa indawo enye okanye ezingaphezulu ezikrokrisayo, ingcali ye-radiology idla ngokucebisa ezinye iifoto ezikhethekileyo ze-mammogram - okanye ezinye iimvavanyo zemifanekiso, ezifana ne-ultrasound yebele okanye i-biopsy yebele.

Ukuba ufumana i-mammogram engaqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho uza kuthetha nawe ngento omawuyenze ngokulandelayo. Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga azithethi ukuba unomhlaza. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika kwaye ulandele icebiso likagqirha wakho.

Ichane kangakanani i-mammography?

I-Mammography ichanekile ngama-85% ukuya kuma-90% . Ii-Mammogram ziye zakwazi ukubona iingxaki zamabele ngaphambi kokuba uzibone okanye uzive. Nangona kunjalo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba i-mammogram ingaziboni ezinye iingxaki.

Ukuba ubona nantoni na ekrokrisayo ngelixa usenza uvavanyo lwebele ekhaya, okanye ukuba ubonakalisa uphawu olutsha lwebele, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Ngaba ii-implants zamabele ziyaphazamisana ne-mammograms?

Kubantu abaye bafakelwa i-silicone okanye i-saline breast implants, kunokuba nzima kwiingcali ze-radiology ukubona zonke izicwili zamabele abo kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho kwi-mammogram eqhelekileyo ngenxa yesicwili esibangelwa yi-scar tissue.

Ukunceda ingcali ye-radiologist ibone uninzi lwezicubu zebele kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukongeza kwimifanekiso emine eqhelekileyo ethathwe ngexesha le-mammogram yokuhlolwa kwabantu abane-implants, kuthathwa imifanekiso emibini eyongezelelweyo yebele ngalinye. Le mifanekiso eyongezelelweyo ibizwa ngokuba yi -Implant Displacement (ID) views .

Ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-ID, ingcali icinezela i-implant yebele lakho kancinci eludongeni lwesifuba sakho, itsale ibele lakho phambili phezu kwalo, ize icinezele ibele lakho. Oku kuvumela imifanekiso engcono yomphambili webele ngalinye.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ingcali yakho ukuba unezifakelo zamabele xa ubhukisha i-mammogram yakho nangosuku lwe-mammogram.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Iimammograms luvavanyo olubalulekileyo ekufumaneni umhlaza webele kwangethuba. Zikwanceda ekujongeni iimeko zamabele ezingezizo umhlaza ngokuhamba kwexesha. Uvavanyo lunokuba lungathandeki kancinci, kwaye ungaziva unexhala lokulinda iziphumo. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana iimammograms zakho kwiminyaka ecetyiswayo nangexesha elicetyiswayo, kuxhomekeke kumngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza webele.

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nomngcipheko wakho womhlaza webele okanye inkqubo ye-mammogram, thetha nogqirha wakho. Bakho ukukunceda. Musa ukoyika, funda, kwaye ube sempilweni!

I- Mammogram, Umhlaza Webele, Impilo Yabasetyhini, i-X-Ray, Uvavanyo Lomhlaza, Ukuhlolwa Kwempilo , i-BI-RADS