Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko esinobuzaza, nesithusayo abazali abaninzi. Leyo yingxaki yokuzalwa ebizwa ngokuba yi-Anencephaly. Usenokuba awukaze uve ngeli gama. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nabani na olindele umntwana omtsha azi ngale nto. Ukufunda oku kunokukwenza uzive ulusizi kwaye woyike. Kodwa sithetha ngale nto ukuze sikufundise, singakoyikisi. Ngoko masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Anencephaly?
I-Anencephaly sisifo esibi kakhulu, esizalwa naso (esikhoyo ngexesha lokuzalwa) . Ngamafutshane, kule meko, umntwana uzalwa engenazo iindawo ezibalulekileyo zengqondo kunye nentloko. Esi sisifo esibuhlungu kakhulu.
Ingqondo ilawula yonke imisebenzi emizimbeni yethu. Ukususela ekuphefumleni ukuya ekucingeni nasekuziveni, ingqondo ibalulekile kuyo yonke into. Ngoko ke, ngenxa yokuba iindawo zengqondo azakhiwanga kakuhle, umntwana ozelwe ene-Anencephaly unethuba eliphantsi kakhulu lokusinda. Uninzi lwexesha, ukukhulelwa okunjalo kuphelisa ukuphuphuma kwesisu okanye ukuzalwa kwengane eswelekileyo. Nokuba bazelwe, abo bantwana baphila imizuzu embalwa, iiyure ezimbalwa, okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa kuphela.
Kwenzeka njani oku? Yintoni ityhubhu ye-neural?
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka sibuyele kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhula komntwana. Cinga ngako, kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbalwa zokukhula komntwana, ngakumbi phakathi kweveki yesithathu neyesine yokukhulelwa , inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomntwana iqala ukwakheka. Iqala njengeqhekeza lesicubu esithe tyaba. Esi sicubu siyagoba size senze imo efana netyhubhu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yityhubhu yemithambo-luvo .
Le mithambo-luvo isisiseko sayo yonke inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomntwana.
- Ingqondo kunye nekhakayi zenzeka ukusuka kwinxalenye ephezulu yombhobho .
- Intambo yomqolo ikhula ukusuka kumbindi wetyhubhu .
- Inxalenye esezantsi yombhobho yenza umqolo.
I-Anencephaly yenzeka xa umphezulu wetyhubhu ye-neural ungavali kakuhle . Oku kuthetha ukuba ingqondo kunye nentloko azivali kakuhle apho kufanele zivalwe khona. Ngenxa yoko, iindawo ezibalulekileyo zengqondo yomntwana, njenge-forebrain kunye ne-cerebrum, azikhuli. Nangona ezinye iindawo zengqondo ziyenzeka, zingaphandle, azigqunywanga yintloko okanye lusu. Sidla ngokuzibiza ezi ntlobo zeziphene ngokuba zii-Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) .
Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili ze-anencephaly?
Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-anencephaly. Zonke ezi ntlobo zintathu ziyingozi kwimveku.
- I-Meroanencephaly: Kolu hlobo, iindawo ze-brainstem kunye ne-midbrain zikhula kancinci. Ingqondo isenokungagqunywanga lusu kunye neendawo ze-skull.
- I-Holoanencephaly:Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo se-anencephaly. Kule meko, ingqondo ayiphuhli konke konke.
- I-Craniorachischisis: Olu lolona hlobo lunzima kakhulu. Kwimeko enjalo, ingqondo, ukhakhayi, kunye nomqolo azikhuli konke konke.
Ukufunda ngale meko kunokuba buhlungu kakhulu kubazali. Kodwa ukwazi izinto ezinje kunokukunceda uthathe amanyathelo okhuseleko ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko? Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokubonwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
I-Anencephaly sisifo esiqhelekileyo se-neural tube. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba senzeka malunga ne-1 kwi-1000 yokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, kuba uninzi lwale mikhuhlane luphela ngokuphuphuma kwesisu, inani lokwenyani leentsana ezizalwa nale meko liphantsi kakhulu.
Le meko inokubonwa kwangethuba ngovavanyo olwenziwe ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kukho iimpawu ezininzi ezibonisa oku.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Amanqanaba aphezulu e-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) | Le yiproteni eveliswa sisibindi somntwana. Kwiimeko ezifana ne-anencephaly, le proteni ivuza kakhulu egazini likamama nakwi-amniotic fluid ejikeleze umntwana. Oku kunokubonwa ngovavanyo lwegazi olwenziwe kwi-trimester yesibini yokukhulelwa. |
| IiPolyhydramnios | Ukuba ubungakanani be-amniotic fluid ejikeleze umntwana buphezulu kakhulu, oko kungaba luphawu lwengxaki. Ugqirha angakubona oku ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound. |
| Izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezibonwe kwiskeni | Iskeni ingabonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba iindawo zentloko yomntwana kunye nengqondo yakhe azikho okanye azibonakali ngaphandle kokuba izicubu zobuchopho zigqunywe. Intloko yomntwana nayo isenokuba ncinci kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe. |
Zithini iimpawu zale meko kusana olusandul’ ukuzalwa?
Kunzima kakhulu ukuthetha ngale nto. Ngenxa yokuba umntwana ozelwe ene-anencephaly akanazo iindawo eziphambili zobuchopho, akanalo ulwazi okanye ulwazi ngayo nantoni na.
Oko ikukuthi,
- Abakwazi ukubona .
- Abava .
- Abaziva iintlungu .
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba i-brainstem yomntwana ikhule ngokupheleleyo, umntwana unokuba nee -reflexes ezithile. Oku kuthetha ukuba banokuqhaqhazela kancinci xa ubachukumisa. Oku kunokubaqinisekisa kakhulu abazali. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka siqonde ukuba oku akuthethi ukuba umntwana uyaqonda, ukuba unokukuva, okanye ukuba angaphila ixesha elide. Yinto nje eyenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ziziphi izizathu kunye nezinto ezibangela ukungabikho kwe-anencephaly?
Kunzima ukukhomba unobangela omnye wale meko. Kukholelwa ukuba idla ngokubangelwa kukudibana kwezinto ezibangelwa yimfuza kunye nezinto ezisingqongileyo.
Ingaba le yinto evela kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana?
I-Anencephaly ayidli ngokuzalwa njengelifa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okungacwangciswanga, okungenambali yosapho.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhe waba nomntwana onesiphene se-neural tube (umz. i-spina bifida) , umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomnye umntwana onesiphene esifanayo ungaphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-20 kunomntu oqhelekileyo.
| Into Engumngcipheko | Ingcaciso |
|---|---|
| Ukunqongophala kwe-Folic Acid | Le yeyona nto iphambili neyona nto inokuthintelwa. Ukungafumani i-folic acid (i-vitamin B9) eyaneleyo ngaphambi nangexesha lokukhulelwa kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko weziphene ze-neural tube. |
| Isifo seswekile | Ukuba umama unesifo seswekile kwaye akalawuli amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakhe ngexesha lokukhulelwa, oku kunokuchaphazela umntwana ongekazalwa kwaye kwandise umngcipheko wezi ngxaki. |
| Amanye amayeza | Amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo sokuwa, i-migraines, okanye i-bipolar disorder (umz., i-phenytoin, i-carbamazepine, i-valproic acid) anokunyusa lo mngcipheko. Ukuba uceba ukukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo. Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha naliphi na iyeza ngaphandle kokubuza ugqirha wakho kuqala. |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwe-opioid | Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezifana ne-heroin okanye ezinye izithomalalisi zentlungu ezibhalwe ngugqirha (umz. i-hydrocodone) kwiinyanga ezimbini zokuqala zokukhulelwa nako kunokubangela iziphene ze-neural tube. |
Ungayixilonga njani le meko ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Ngobuchwepheshe bangoku, i-anencephaly inokuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo ngovavanyo lwangaphambi kokukhulelwa. Olu vavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-20 zokukhulelwa.
- Isikrini se-Quad Marker: Olu luvavanyo olwenziwa kwisampulu yegazi ethathwe kumama. Lujonga izinto ezi-4 egazini likamama. Olu vavanyo lujonga nenqanaba le-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) esithethe ngalo ngaphambili. Ukuba inqanaba le-AFP liphezulu kakhulu, luphawu lwesiphene setyhubhu ye-neural.
- I-Ultrasound: Le yinto abantu abaninzi abayaziyo. Isebenzisa amaza esandi ukuthatha imifanekiso yomntwana. Apha, ugqirha unokujonga ukukhula kwentloko yomntwana, ubuchopho bakhe, kunye nomqolo wakhe. I-Anencephaly inokubonwa ngokucacileyo ngolu vavanyo.
- I-MRI yosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa: Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba kufuneka uqinisekiso olongezelelweyo, ugqirha unokukuthumela kwi-MRI scan. Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha ngakumbi yengqondo kunye nomqolo.
- I-Amniocentesis: Kolu vavanyo, kufakwa inaliti encinci kakhulu esibelekweni kwaye kuthathwa isampuli encinci yolwelo lwe-amniotic olujikeleze usana. Ulwelo luvavanywa amanqanaba e-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-AFP kunye ne-acetylcholinesterase. Ukuba la manqanaba aphezulu, luphawu oluqinileyo lwesiphene setyhubhu ye-neural.
Iyintoni unyango kunye nembono?
Oku kuyabuhlungu ngokwenene. Okwangoku akukho nyango okanye unyango lwe-anencephaly, njengoko ingqondo ingenakukwazi ukuphinda ikhule xa sele ilahlekile.
Le meko iyabulala. Ithetha ukuba umntwana akanalo ithuba lokusinda. Uninzi lwexesha, umntwana ongekazalwa uyafa esibelekweni. Nokuba uzalwe, uyafa kwiiyure okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa. Le yintlungu enganyamezelekiyo kubazali. Ngexesha elinje, oogqirha bakho, abahlengikazi, kunye nabanye abasebenzi bezonyango baya kunika wena nosapho lwakho inkxaso yengqondo efunekayo kwaye bakuncede ukujongana nale ntlungu.
Singenza ntoni ukuthintela olu hlobo lwemeko?
Nangona imeko efana ne-anencephaly ingenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho izinto ezininzi esinokuzenza ukunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko .
- Ukufumana i-folic acid eyaneleyo: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Wonke umfazi oceba ukuba nomntwana kufuneka aqale ukuthatha i-400 mcg (ii-microgram) ze-folic acid imihla ngemihla ubuncinane inyanga ngaphambi kokuba akhulelwe. Iziphene ze-neural tube zenzeka kwinyanga yokuqala yokukhulelwa, ngaphambi kokuba wazi nokuba ukhulelwe. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuqala ukuthatha i-folic acid kwangethuba. Ukuba ukhe waba nomntwana one-neural tube defect ngaphambili, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa idosi ephezulu.
- Ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngamayeza owasebenzisayo: Ukuba uceba ukuba nomntwana, xelela ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo ngoku. Amanye amayeza anokuba yingozi kumntwana ongekazalwa, ngoko ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo.
- Ukulawula iimeko zakho zempilo: Ukuba unenye imeko yezempilo, efana nesifo seswekile, qiniseka ukuba ilawulwa kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
Ujongana njani nentlungu yokufelwa ngumntwana?
Ukufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-Anencephaly kunokuba yenye yezona zinto zibuhlungu kakhulu umzali anokujongana nazo. Yintlungu engaphaya kwamazwi. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive uneemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo ngeli xesha, kuquka usizi, umsindo, ukuphelelwa lithemba kunye netyala.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqonda ukuba oku akulotyala lakho. Musa ukuziva kakubi ngenxa yento oyenzileyo okanye ongayenzanga.
Musa ukuzama ukuthwala le ntlungu wedwa.
- Thetha ngeemvakalelo zakho nomyeni/umfazi wakho, usapho, kunye nabahlobo bakho obathembayo.
- Abasebenzi bezonyango baza kukunika inkxaso oyifunayo. Banokukuthumela kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo okanye kwiqela lenkxaso elinabanye abazali abaye badlula kumava afanayo.
- Kuza kuthatha ixesha ukuchacha kule ntlungu. Zivumele ujongane nale meko ngesantya sakho.
Nokuba wenza yonke into ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba uyenze ukuze ukhulelwe kakuhle, ngamanye amaxesha ezi ziphene zinkulu zokuzalwa zinokwenzeka. Yiyo loo nto inzima. I-Anencephaly sisifo esibuhlungu ngokwenene. Kodwa awuwedwa kolu hambo. Musa ukuthandabuza ukufumana inkxaso oyifunayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Anencephaly sisifo esibi kakhulu nesibulalayo esenzeka xa ingqondo yomntwana kunye nentloko yakhe zingakhuli kakuhle.
- Oku kuwela phantsi kodidi lwe-Neural Tube Defect (NTD).
- Ukusela i-folic acid ngaphambi kokukhulelwa nangexesha lokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa le ngozi.
- Ukuba unesifo esifana nesifo seswekile okanye isifo sokuwa, okanye usela amayeza aso, qiniseka ukuba uxoxa ngaso nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe umntwana.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nifumana olu xilongo, qondani ukuba asilotyala lenu. Musa ukuthandabuza ukufuna uncedo kwiqela lezonyango, kusapho, nakwiingcali zempilo yengqondo ukuze nikwazi ukumelana nale ntlungu.
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