Umzimba wethu ngumatshini omangalisayo ngokwenene, akunjalo? Kukho izinto ezininzi ezenzekayo ngaphakathi kuthi esingaziqondiyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, iiseli zethu zinikwa isignali ethi, "Kulungile, ixesha lakho liphelile," kwaye zilahlwa ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo, ngaphandle kokulimaza nantoni na ejikeleze zona. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-apoptosis kwezonyango. Kufana nokuzibulala okucwangcisiweyo, kodwa kwenzeka ngenxa yokulungelwa kwethu.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-apoptosis?
Ngamafutshane, i-apoptosis yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi -'programmed cell death' esetyenziswa yimizimba yethu ukususa iiseli ezonakeleyo, ezindala, okanye ezingasafunekiyo. Igama elithi 'programmed' libalulekile apha. Lithetha ukuba imizimba yethu iyazi ukuba ezi seli kufuneka zife, kwaye umzimba ulawula le nkqubo ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni.
Endaweni yokwahlukana nokukhula njengeeseli eziphilileyo, iseli efumana i-apoptosis iyawohloka ngendlela ehlelekileyo ize ife.
Le yinkqubo esempilweni kakhulu neqhelekileyo. Kuba imizimba yethu ayidingi iiseli ezindala kakhulu kwaye zonakeleyo ukuba zisebenze kakuhle. Ukuba ziyaqhubeka nokuba semzimbeni, zinokusenzakalisa.
Khawucinge ukuba ulwazi lwemfuza olukwiseli, oko kukuthi, i-DNA, lonakele. Ukuba loo seli iyaqhubeka nokwahlukana, iiseli ezintsha ziya kuqala ukwakheka kwaye ziqokelele emzimbeni kunye ne-DNA eyonakeleyo. Le yimbangela enkulu yeemeko eziyingozi ezifana nomhlaza . Omnye wemisebenzi ephambili yenkqubo ye-apoptosis kukuthintela izinto ezinjalo ukuba zenzeke.
Xa le nkqubo isenzeka njengoko bekucwangcisiwe, siyazuza kuyo. Kodwa ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle kule nkqubo, i-apoptosis inokwenzeka kakhulu okanye inganeli. Zombini zinokusenzakalisa.
Kutheni oku kubaluleke kangaka emzimbeni wethu?
I-Apoptosis yinkqubo ekhusela impilo yethu ngokususa iiseli ezingasafunekiyo emizimbeni yethu. Le nkqubo iqala ngaphambi kokuba sizalwe.
- Uphuhliso lwe-embryonic: Khawuthelekelele, isandla somntwana esibelekweni siqala ukwakheka njenge-membrane enye. Emva koko, ngexesha elifanelekileyo, iiseli eziphakathi kweminwe ziyafa ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-apoptosis. Kulapho iminwe emihlanu yahlukana kakuhle khona.
- Ukutshintsha iiseli ezindala ngezintsha: Iiseli kunye nezicubu zomzimba wethu zihlala zizihlaziya. Le nkqubo isusa iiseli ezindala.
- Ukunceda inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Oku kunceda inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba ilwe nezifo.
- Ukususa iiseli ezonakeleyo:Iiseli ezonakeleyo kangangokuba azinakulungiswa ziyasuswa emzimbeni.
- Ukuthintela ukwahlukana kweeseli ezonakeleyo: Yiyo le nto ilawula uphuhliso lwezinto ezinje ngomhlaza.
- Ukugcina i-homeostasis emzimbeni: Oku kubalulekile ukugcina ulungelelwano olusempilweni lwezicubu zomzimba.
Le nkqubo yenzeka njani?
Iiproteni ezithile emizimbeni yethu ziqala le nkqubo ye-apoptosis. Umzekelo oyintloko woku yiproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi -p53 . Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-'tumor suppressor protein' kuba ithintela ukwahlukana kweeseli okungalawulekiyo (okunokukhokelela kwiithumba).
Ngamafutshane, i-p53 ifana 'nomlindi' ngaphakathi kwiiseli zethu. Le protein ihlala ijonga i-DNA yeeseli ukuba ayinamonakalo na. Ukuba umonakalo mncinane, inika imiyalelo yokuwulungisa. Kodwa ukuba umonakalo mkhulu kakhulu ukuba ungalungiswa, iproteni ye-p53 iyayithintela iseli ukuba ingahlukani. Endaweni yoko, inika imiqondiso kwiseli ukuba iqalise i-apoptosis.
Xa i-apoptosis iqala, kwenzeka uthotho lweenguqu zeekhemikhali eziqhekeza iseli ibe ziingceba ezincinci. Emva koko, le seli ifayo ithumela umyalezo 'kwiiseli ezicocayo' ezibizwa ngokuba zii-phagocytes (uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi) ukuba "zize zitye ezi zingceba." Le yinto ecocekileyo kakhulu onokuyenza. Kufana nokupakisha inkunkuma uze uyinike ilori yenkunkuma. Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli ezijikelezileyo azenzakali, akukho ukudumba.
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba kukho i-apoptosis eninzi kakhulu okanye encinci kakhulu?
Njengayo nayiphi na into, le nkqubo kufuneka ilinganiswe. Okuninzi kakhulu yingxaki, okuncinci kakhulu yingxaki. Makhe sibone ukuba oko kuhamba njani.
| Imeko | Umonakalo obangelwe |
|---|---|
| I-Apoptosis Eninzi Kakhulu | Neeseli eziphilileyo ezifunwa ngumzimba ziqala ukufa ngokungeyomfuneko. Oku kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kweeseli ezibalulekileyo ezifana neeseli zobuchopho kunye neeseli zemithambo-luvo. Le meko inxulunyaniswa nezifo ezifana nesifo sika-Alzheimer kunye nesifo sika-Parkinson . |
| I-Apoptosis Encinci Kakhulu | Iiseli ezonakeleyo ebekufanele ukuba zifile ziyaqhubeka nokuphila emzimbeni. Ezi seli ziqala ukwahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo. Le yeyona nto ibangela umhlaza . Ingakhokelela nakwiingxaki zokuzikhusela komzimba , ezizifo apho amajoni ethu omzimba ahlasela khona imizimba yethu. |
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Apoptosis kunye ne-Necrosis?
Nangona ezi zombini ziindlela zokufa kweeseli, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo. Abantu abaninzi bayabhidanisa ezi ndlela zimbini.
Abaphandi babecinga ukuba i-apoptosis yayikukufa okucwangcisiweyo, okucwangcisiweyo, kwaye i-necrosis yayikukufa okungalindelekanga, okungacacanga, nokungacwangciswanga. Ngandlela thile, oko kuyinyani. Kwi-necrosis, iseli iyadumba kwaye iqhume. Emva koko umxholo weseli uyaphoswa ngaphandle, okubangela ukudumba kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo. Kodwa kwi-apoptosis, oko akwenzeki. Iseli ipakishwa kakuhle kwaye ihambe ngaphandle kwengxaki.
| Ingongoma | I-Apoptosis | I-Necrosis |
|---|---|---|
| Inkqubo | Icwangcisiwe kwaye icwangcisiwe. | Idla ngokungalindelekanga kwaye ingxubakaxaka. |
| Isizathu | Inkqubo eqhelekileyo emzimbeni. | Umonakalo obangelwa kukwenzakala, usulelo, iityhefu. |
| Kwenzeka ntoni kwiseli? | Iyancitshiswa ize iqhekezwe ibe ziingceba ezincinci. | Iyadumba kwaye iyaqhuma. |
| Impembelelo kwizicwili ezijikelezileyo | Akukho ukudumba kwenzekayo. | Ukudumba kwenzeka . |
Nangona kunjalo, uphando olutsha lufumanise ukuba ezinye iintlobo ze-necrosis, njenge-apoptosis, zenzeka ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo. Amagama anjenge -necroptosis kunye ne -pyroptosis asetyenziselwa oku. Ngoko ke umahluko phakathi kwezi nkqubo zimbini awusoloko ucacile.
Indima ye-apoptosis kunyango lwezifo
Abaphandi bayazi ukuba utshintsho kwinkqubo ye-apoptosis lunokubangela ezinye izifo, ngoko ke ngoku bazama ukuphuhlisa amayeza anokulawula i-apoptosis.
- Ngomhlaza: Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo ye-apoptosis kwiiseli zomhlaza ingenzeki kakuhle, ezo seli ziyaqhubeka nokwahlukana ngaphandle kokufa. Ngoko ke, uphando ngoku luyaqhubeka malunga namayeza anokuqalisa okanye akhawulezise inkqubo ye-apoptosis kwiiseli zomhlaza.
- Kwizifo zemithambo-luvo: Kwizifo ezifana ne-Alzheimer's, iiseli zengqondo eziphilileyo zifumana i-apoptosis egqithisileyo. Kwiimeko ezinje ngezi, abaphandi bazama ukuvelisa amayeza athintela okanye acothisa inkqubo ye-apoptosis.
Olu phando lusaqhubeka. Olu lwazi luya kuba lubaluleke kakhulu kunyango lwezifo ezininzi kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba unesifo sengqondo esiphathelele oku, ungacela ugqirha wakho ukuba akunike iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe kunye nolwazi lwamva nje ngaso.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Apoptosis yinkqubo yendalo, ecwangcisiweyo yokufa kweeseli eyenzeka emzimbeni wethu.
- Oku kubalulekile ukuze kusikhusele kwizifo ezinje ngomhlaza ngokususa iiseli ezonakeleyo nezigugayo.
- Ukuba le nkqubo ininzi kakhulu kunokukhokelela kwizifo ezifana ne-Alzheimer's, kwaye ukuba kuncinci kakhulu kunokukhokelela kwizifo ezifana nomhlaza.
- Oku akufani ne-necrosis, kodwa yinkqubo ehlelekileyo engabangeli monakalo okanye ukudumba kwizicwili ezingqongileyo.
- Kubalulekile ukuba uzazi ezi nkqubo ukuze uqonde imeko yakho. Soloko uxoxa ngale nto nogqirha wakho.
💬 Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.
Add Your Comment