Ngaba uziva unesizungu? Ngaba ulahlekelwa yibhalansi yakho? Masithethe ngenkqubo emangalisayo elawula ibhalansi yomzimba wethu (iVestibular System)

Ngaba ngequbuliso uziva unesizungu? Okanye uziva ngathi izinto ezikujikelezileyo ziyakujikeleza? Ngaba ukhe uzive ngathi ngequbuliso uya ecaleni okanye ulahlekelwa yibhalansi yakho xa uhamba? Sonke siye sakubona oku ubuncinane kanye ebomini bethu. Kwabanye, oku kwenzeka ngamaxesha athile, kodwa kwabanye, kunokuba yingxaki eqhubekayo, yobomi bonke. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesizathu esiphambili sezi zinto, inkqubo emangalisayo neyinkimbinkimbi elawula ibhalansi yomzimba wethu.

Yintoni iVestibular System?

Ngamafutshane, inkqubo ye-vestibular sisitho esiphambili seemvakalelo esilawula ukulingana komzimba wethu, okanye ibhalansi. Ifana 'nenqanaba lomoya' elizenzekelayo elakhelwe emzimbeni wethu. Ixela engqondweni lonke ulwazi esinalo malunga nokuba simile, sithe nkqo, siyashukuma, kwaye sikuphi isikhundla.

Le nkqubo inokwahlulwa ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili:

• Inkqubo ye-vestibular ejikeleze indlebe: Le yinxalenye ephambili yenkqubo. Ikwindlebe yethu yangaphakathi . Sidla ngokuyibiza le nxalenye ngokuthi "yinkqubo ye-vestibular." Kulapho siva khona ulwazi olunxulumene nokulinganisela kwethu.
• Inkqubo ye-vestibular esembindini: Le yinxalenye yenkqubo yethu ye-nervous central, eyingqondo kunye nomqolo. Ifumana imiqondiso evela ezindlebeni, izihlalutye, kwaye iyalele amanye amalungu ukuba agcine ibhalansi.

Isebenza njani kanye kanye le nkqubo?

Ukulinganisela komzimba wethu asinto enokulawulwa yinto enye kuphela. Kufana nomdlalo weqela. Kukho abadlali abathathu abaphambili koku.

1. Inkqubo yeVestibular (inxalenye yendlebe): Inika ulwazi malunga nendawo, isantya, kunye necala lokuhamba kwentloko.

2. Amehlo (umbono): Sinike ulwazi malunga nendawo esikuyo, apho sikhoyo, kunye nendawo apho izinto zihambelana nathi.

3. Imisipha kunye namalungu (Proprioception): Inika umbono wokuba amalungu ethu aphi, indlela esima ngayo emhlabeni, kunye nendlela amalungu ethu agobe ngayo.

Khawuthelekelele uhamba kwigumbi elimnyama kancinci. Ekubeni amehlo akho engaboni kakuhle, inkqubo ye-vestibular endlebeni yakho kunye nokuziva iinyawo zakho zibetha phantsi zezona zinto ziphambili ezikunceda ugcine ibhalansi yakho. Zonke ezi ziqwenga zintathu zolwazi ziya engqondweni yakho, kwaye ingqondo izidibanisa zonke ukuze igqibe ngendlela yokugcina umzimba wakho ulungelelene.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokusabela ezinceda le nkqubo ukuba yenzeke ngokuzenzekelayo.

Unxibelelwano phakathi kwamehlo kunye nokulinganisela (i-Vestibulo-ocular reflex - VOR)

Le yinto enomdla kakhulu. Khawuthelekelele uzama ukufunda inombolo ebhasini endleleni. Nokuba uhamba ngenyawo kwaye intloko yakho ishukuma ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye, amehlo akho asenokugxila kuloo nombolo. Oko ukubonayo akubonakali, akubonakali. Yiloo nto le `VOR` reflex inceda ngayo. Xa intloko yakho ishukuma kwicala elinye, amehlo akho ashukuma ngokuzenzekelayo kwelinye icala, egcina oko sikujongileyo kuzinzile. Ngaphandle koku, xa sihamba, ihlabathi esilibonayo libonakala lishukuma, njengekhamera erekhoda ividiyo eshukumayo.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwezihlunu kunye nokulinganisela (iVestibulospinal reflex - VS)

Oku kungenxa yokuba izihlunu zethu ziyaziqhelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze zilungelelane. Khawuthelekelele uhamba kwindlela enamatye. Ngenyathelo ngalinye, umzimba wakho uyashukuma uye phambili nangasemva. Kodwa awuwi lula. Kungenxa yokuba, kwangoko nje ukuba intloko yakho ityeke kancinci, le nkqubo endlebeni yakho iyayibona kwaye ngoko nangoko ithumela umyalezo kwimisipha yakho, isithi, "Umzimba wakho uthambekele ngasekunene, ngoko ungawuvumeli ukuba uwe kwaye ubeke ubunzima bakho emlenzeni wakho wasekhohlo ukuze uzilinganisele." Oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba asinalo nexesha lokucinga ngako.

Iindawo zale nkqubo kunye nemisebenzi yazo

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, amalungu aphambili eemvakalelo zenkqubo ye-vestibular akwindlebe yangaphakathi. I-cochlea, esinceda ukuba sive, ikwakwindlebe yangaphakathi. Kufuphi nayo, kwinxalenye eyahlukileyo, kukho amalungu ama-5 anxulumene nokulinganisela. La abizwa ngokuba yi-vestibular labyrinth.

Ngaphakathi kwezi zitho kukho ulwelo olubizwa ngokuba yi-'endolymph' kunye neeseli zeemvakalelo ezintle kakhulu ezifana neenwele ('iiseli zeenwele'). Xa sishukumisa iintloko zethu, olu lwelo luyashukuma. Emva koko iiseli zeenwele ziyagoba zize zithumele imiqondiso engqondweni ngazo. Ezi miqondiso zithwalwa ziye engqondweni nge-'vestibular nerve'.

Masiziqonde kakuhle ezi ndawo kwitheyibhile engezantsi.

Kukho enye into ekhethekileyo malunga nezitho ze-otolith. Ziikristale ezincinci ze-calcium carbonate ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'otoconia.' Ezi ziikristale ezincinci, ezifana ne-limestone. Zifakwe kwi-substance efana ne-jelly ehleli phezu kweeseli zeenwele. Xa sihamba, ezi kristale zihamba zibuyela umva phantsi kwempembelelo yomxhuzulane. Iiseli zeenwele emva koko ziyagoba zize zithumele imiqondiso engqondweni. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi kristale zincinci zinokuphuma zize zihambe ziye kwimijelo ye-semicircular, nto leyo enokubangela isiyezi esikhulu kwabanye abantu.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokuvela kule nkqubo?

Kukho iimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo ezinokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwale nkqubo intsonkothileyo. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo.

• I-Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo ebangela i-vertigo. Iyenzeka xa i-otoconia, esiyikhankanyileyo ngaphambili, iphuma ize iye kwindawo engafanelekanga. Ivakala njengesiyezi esinzima esihlala imizuzwana embalwa, ingakumbi xa uqengqeleka ebhedini okanye xa ushukumisa intloko yakho phezulu nasezantsi.
• I-Vestibular Neuritis kunye neLabyrinthitis:Ezi zihlala zibangelwa lusulelo lwentsholongwane olubangela ukudumba kwemithambo-luvo ye-vestibular okanye indlebe yangaphakathi. Iimpawu zinokuqala ngequbuliso kwaye ziquka isiyezi esinzima, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlanza okunokuhlala iintsuku ezininzi. Kwi-'Labyrinthitis', ukulahlekelwa kukuva kunokubakho ukongeza kwisiyezi.
• Isifo sikaMénière: Oku kubangelwa kukunyuka koxinzelelo lolwelo (i-endolymph) endlebeni engaphakathi. Oku kubangela iimpawu ezifana nesiyezi esiqatha, ukurhawuzelela ezindlebeni (i-tinnitus), ukuziva ugcwele endlebeni, kunye nokulahlekelwa kukuva.
• I-Vestibular Migraines: Kwabanye abantu, isiyezi sinokuba luphawu olubonakalayo ngakumbi kunentloko ebuhlungu xa befumana i-migraine.
• I-Mal de débarquement syndrome (MdDS): Le yimeko engaqhelekanga. Yimvakalelo yokuba usadada elwandle emva kokuba ukhwele isikhephe okanye inqanawa waza wafika elunxwemeni.
• Ukudinwa Okungapheliyo Kwesimo Sokubona (PPPD): Kule meko, kukho ukuziva unesizunguzelo esingapheliyo kunye nokulahlekelwa yibhalansi ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.

Wazi njani ukuba kukho ingxaki? Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu eziphambili zeengxaki zenkqubo ye-vestibular kukuba nesiyezi kunye ne-vertigo. Nangona sisebenzisa la magama mabini ngokutshintshana, kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kwala magama mabini.

Ukongeza kwezi mpawu zimbini, kunokubakho nezinye izinto.

• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi kunye nobunzima bokuhamba
• Umbono ofipheleyo
• Ukukhala ezindlebeni (i-tinnitus)
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva

Ugqirha uyivavanya njani le nkqubo?

Ukuba unale mpawu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubonane nogqirha. Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze akuhlole. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, banokukuthumela kwezi mvavanyo.

• Uvavanyo lweVestibular: Olu ludibaniso lweemvavanyo ezininzi. Ezi ikakhulu zijonga indlela amehlo akho kunye nenkqubo yokulinganisela, ebizwa ngokuba yi-'VOR', ezisebenzisana ngayo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga izinto ezifana nosulelo.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Usenokucelwa ukuba wenze i-CT okanye i-MRI scan ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki zesakhiwo engqondweni okanye endlebeni.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Unyango luxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Rhoqo, kusetyenziswa indibaniselwano yonyango.

• Unyango Lokuvuselela Ingqondo (VRT): Olu lunyango olubaluleke kakhulu. Lubandakanya "ukuqeqesha" ingqondo yakho. Lubandakanya umthambo okhethekileyo ofundisa ingqondo ukuba iziqhelanise kwaye ingawunaki imiqondiso engalunganga evela kwinkqubo yokulinganisela. Kwiimeko ezifana ne-'BPPV', ingcali ye-physiotherapist inokukunceda wenze 'i-repositioning maneuvers' ukuze ubuyisele iibhola ezisusiweyo endaweni yazo.
• Amayeza: Ukuba kukho usulelo, ugqirha angakunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kunye namayeza okulawula isicaphucaphu kunye nesiyezi.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila: Ungacetyiswa ukuba uziphephe izinto ezithile ezibangela isiyezi (umz., ityuwa eninzi, i-caffeine, uxinzelelo).
• Utyando: Utyando alufuneki kwiimeko ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu apho kungekho nyango lusebenzayo, utyando lunokufuneka ukuze kulungiswe izakhiwo zendlebe yangaphakathi.

Singenza ntoni ukugcina le nkqubo isempilweni?

Inyaniso kukuba, kunzima kuthi ukuthintela iingxaki ezininzi ezivela kwinkqubo ye-vestibular. Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo nebaluleke kakhulu esinokuyenza kukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza nje xa sibona naziphi na iimpawu size sifune ingcebiso.

Musa ukuyithatha njengento elula into yokuba nesiyezi. Ngamanye amaxesha inokuba luphawu lwemeko enzima, efana nestroke. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufumana isiyezi kunye neempawu ezifana nobunzima bokuthetha, ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso bakho, okanye ukungaziva mnandi engalweni okanye emlenzeni, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.