Sonke sihlala sisiva izinto ezinje 'nge-cholesterol ephezulu' kunye 'nemithambo yegazi evalekileyo'. Kodwa ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba oku kwenzeka njani ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu? Imithambo yegazi yethu ifana neendlela emizimbeni yethu zokujikeleza kwegazi. Ezi ndlela zithwala igazi elicocekileyo nelicebileyo ngeoksijini elivela entliziyweni yethu ukuya kwizitho zomzimba zethu. Khawucinge nje, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ezi ndlela zixinene kancinci kancinci ngamafutha kunye nenkunkuma? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis kunyango.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-atherosclerosis?
I-atherosclerosis kukwanda kancinci kancinci kwamafutha, i-cholesterol, i-calcium, nezinye izinto ngaphakathi kweendonga zemithambo yethu yegazi (ingakumbi imithambo yegazi) ukuze zenze i-'plaque' . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'atheroma' ngokwezonyango. Njengoko le plaque ikhula kancinci kancinci, udonga lwemithambo yegazi luyaqina kwaye luqine. Oku sikubiza ngokuba "kukuqina kwemithambo yegazi" okanye "ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi".
Into eyoyikisayo ngale nto kukuba le nkqubo yenzeka ngokuthula, ngaphandle kweempawu kwizigaba zokuqala. Usenokungaluboni utshintsho kangangeminyaka. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, le plaque ikhula kwaye inciphise i-lumen (indawo apho igazi lihamba khona) ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.
Khawucinge nje ngendlela eneendlela ezine encitshiswa ibe yindlela enye ngenxa yokuxinana kweemoto. Ukuhamba kwegazi kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba amalungu ethu aphelelwa yioksijini kunye nezondlo azidingayo. Okuyingozi ngakumbi kukuba le mthambo wegazi inokuqhuma ngequbuliso ngenxa yokuhamba kwegazi okuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Xa oko kusenzeka, imizimba yethu yenza ihlwili legazi ukuze iphilise inxeba.
Ukuba umthambo wegazi oxineneyo ufana nendlela evalekileyo, ihlwili legazi lifana nomqobo phakathi kwendlela. Linokumisa ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwegazi.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa ukuhamba kwegazi kuvaliwe ngale ndlela? Kuxhomekeke ekubeni ihlwili legazi lenzeka phi. Umzekelo, ukuba livela kumthambo wentliziyo ohambisa igazi entliziyweni, intliziyo ayizukufumana ioksijini eyaneleyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo .
Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?
I-atherosclerosis yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu. Iingxaki ezibangelwa kukuqokelelana kwamafutha kwimithambo yegazi, njengokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo, zezona zibangela ukufa kwihlabathi liphela. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu abaninzi abakwiminyaka ephakathi banale meko, kodwa malunga nesiqingatha sabo abazi nokuba bayazazi.
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, akukho zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala. Iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala xa umthambo wegazi uvalekile ngaphezu kwama-70%. Uninzi lwabantu lufumanisa ukuba lunesi sifo emva kwemeko engxamisekileyo, efana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi.
Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umthambo wegazi uvalekile phi, iimpawu zinokubonakala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
| Inxalenye yomzimba echaphazelekayo | Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka |
|---|---|
| Intliziyo (Isifo semithambo yegazi yeCoronary) |
|
| Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya (Ischemia yeMesenteric) |
|
| Imilenze neenyawo (Isifo semithambo yegazi ejikeleze imithambo) |
|
| Izintso (I-Renal Artery Stenosis) |
|
| Ingqondo (Isifo seCarotid Artery) |
|
Kutheni imithambo yegazi ivaleka ngolu hlobo? Zithini izizathu?
Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili ze-atherosclerosis.
- Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol embi (LDL) kunye ne-triglycerides.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zecuba (ukutshaya).
- Igazi elonyukayo.
- Isifo seswekile.
Ezi zinto zingonakalisa ulwelo oluthambileyo (i-endothelium) lwemithambo yethu yegazi. Lo monakalo yiwo oqala inkqubo ye-atherosclerosis. Lo monakalo awenzeki ngobusuku obunye, kodwa uqhubeka ixesha elide kakhulu.
Makhe sijonge amanyathelo ale nkqubo ngokweenkcukacha.
Le yinkqubo ebisoloko iqhubeka kangangeminyaka. La ngamanyathelo aphambili.
1. Umonakalo kwi-endothelial: Izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol ephezulu, iityhefu ezikwicuba, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu zingonakalisa ulwelo lwangaphakathi lwemithambo yegazi. Xa lo monakalo usenzeka, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ziyatsaleleka kuloo ndawo. Ezi seli ziyaqokelelana zize zibangele ukudumba ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.
2. Ukwakheka kwemigca yamafutha: Olu luphawu lokuqala olubonakalayo lwe-atherosclerosis. Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezifike kwindawo eyonakeleyo zizama ukususa amasuntswana e-cholesterol ngokuwagquma. Ezi seli zizaliswe yi-cholesterol zibizwa ngokuba 'ziiseli ze-foam'. Xa zisifa, zishiya umgca otyheli okanye ibala eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi.
3. Ukwandiswa kweplaque:Njengoko iiseli ezifileyo kunye nezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo ziqhubeka nokuqokelelana, iqhekeza elincinci lamafutha liyakhula kancinci kancinci libe yiplaque enkulu. Emva koko, isiciko esineeseli zemisipha egudileyo siyakheka sijikeleze le plaque. Oku kuthintela iziqwenga zeplaque ukuba zingaqhekeki kwaye zihlangane egazini. Njengoko le plaque ikhula ibe nkulu, indawo yokuhamba kwegazi iba ncinci.
4. Ukuqhekeka kweplaque: Le yeyona meko iyingozi kakhulu. Iplaque ejikeleze iplaque inokuqhuma ngequbuliso. Xa oku kusenzeka, kuvela ihlwili legazi kuloo ndawo. Eli hlwili legazi liyivala ngokupheleleyo imithambo yegazi, limise ukuhamba kwegazi. Yile nto ibangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye istroke.
Zithini izinto ezibangela oku?
Zininzi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko ezinegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-atherosclerosis. Ezinye zezi zinto sinokuzitshintsha, kodwa ezinye, njengobudala, asinakukwazi.
| Into enobungozi | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ubudala kunye nesini | Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala kunye nabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala basengozini enkulu. |
| Imbali yosapho | Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba nesifo sentliziyo (ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-45 kwindoda, ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-55 kwibhinqa), nawe usengozini enkulu. |
| Isifo seswekile | Amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini ayonakalisa imithambo yegazi. |
| Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) | Xa uxinzelelo lusanda, umngcipheko wokonakala kwemithambo yegazi kunye namafutha agciniweyo uyanda. |
| I-cholesterol ephezulu (i-Hyperlipidemia) | Isizathu esiphambili ingakumbi kukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-cholesterol embi (LDL). |
| Ukutshaya | Iikhemikhali ezikwicuba zonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo imithambo yegazi. |
| Andizilolongi | Ukungazilolongi kakuhle komzimba kukhokelela ekutyebeni kakhulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. |
| Ukutya okungenampilo | Ukutya ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi agcweleyo, amafutha e-trans, ityuwa, kunye neswekile. |
Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-atherosclerosis?
Ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi kunokubangela iingxaki ezininzi ezinzulu. Ezona ziphambili zezi:
- Isifo semithambo yentliziyo
- Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
- Izingqisho zentliziyo ezingaqhelekanga (i-Arrhythmia)
- Ukumelwa yintliziyo
- Istroke
- Uhlaselo lwe-ischemic olukhawulezileyo (TIA)
- Isifo semithambo yegazi ejikeleze umzimba
- Isifo sezintso esingapheliyo (CKD)
- Ukubuthathaka kwemithambo yegazi, okubangela ukuba idumbe (ii-aneurysms) ize iqhume.
Ukuxilongwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango lwale meko kunokuthintela okanye kulibazise ezi ngxaki ziyingozi.
Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?
Ugqirha wakho uza kulandela amanyathelo aliqela ukuze afumanise esi sifo okanye abale umngcipheko waso.
1. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba: Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa i-stethoscope ukumamela intliziyo yakho kunye nesandi segazi elihamba ngemithambo yegazi yakho. Umzekelo, ukuba uva isandi esithi "whooshing" ("bruit") xa umamele imithambo yegazi ye-carotid entanyeni yakho, oko kungaba luphawu lokuqhekeka kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi.
2. Ukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango kunye nembali yosapho: Olu lwazi lunokukunceda uhlole umngcipheko wakho.
3. Ukubuza ngendlela ophila ngayo: Ukubuza ngezinto ezinje ngokuba uyatshaya na kunye nendlela otya ngayo.
4. Uku-odola uvavanyo lwegazi: Oku kunokukuxelela okuninzi malunga namanqanaba e-cholesterol yakho, amanqanaba eswekile, kunye nokusebenza kwentliziyo.
Uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa imeko
Ngamanye amaxesha, kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kunye nokucwangcisa unyango.
- I-Angiography: Uvavanyo olusebenzisa ii-X-reyi ezikhethekileyo kunye nedayi ukuze kubonwe ukuba iphi na kwaye ingakanani na imithambo yegazi evalekileyo.
- I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Ilinganisa umsebenzi wombane, isantya, kunye nesingqisho sentliziyo.
- I-Echocardiogram: Ithatha imifanekiso yeevalvu zentliziyo kunye namagumbi ayo ukuze ibone ukuba intliziyo ihambisa igazi kangakanani na.
- Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lokuzivocavoca: Isantya sentliziyo yakho silinganiswa ngelixa usenza umthambo (uhamba kwi-treadmill).
- I-Ultrasound Scan: Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukujonga ubukhulu bemithambo yegazi entanyeni (i-Carotid ultrasound) okanye esiswini (i-Abdominal ultrasound) kunye nokuba ingaba inamafutha na.
- I-CT scan: Le scan ithatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi yomzimba kwaye inokuchonga ukuqina kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemithambo yegazi emikhulu.
Iphathwa njani?
Unyango lwe-atherosclerosis lubandakanya utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, amayeza, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, utyando okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango. Ugqirha wakho uza kuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango esikulungeleyo.
1. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
Ezi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Olu tshintsho lunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko weengxaki.
- Ziphephe zonke iimveliso zecuba. Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ngoko nangoko.
- Yamkela ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo. Kungcono ukutya ukutya kwaseMeditera okuquka imifuno emininzi, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, iintlanzi, kunye namafutha anempilo afana neoyile yomnquma, kunye nenyama ebomvu encinci kunye nokutya okucutshungulwayo.
- Zilolonge yonke imihla. Qala ngokuhambahamba kancinci uze usebenzele ukuzilolonga ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, uninzi lweentsuku zeveki.
2. Amayeza (iintlobo zamayeza)
Amayeza anokunceda ukulawula izinto ezinokubangela ukuqokelelana kwamafutha emzimbeni. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa oku kulandelayo:
- Amayeza okunciphisa i-cholesterol (umz., ii-statins).
- Amayeza okwehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Amayeza alawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini.
- Amayeza athintela ukujiya kwegazi (umz., i-aspirin) anokunikwa.
3. Iindlela zonyango kunye notyando
Ukuba imithambo yegazi ivalekile kakhulu okanye umngcipheko weengxaki uphezulu kakhulu, kunokufuneka usebenzise olu hlobo lonyango.
- I-Angioplasty kunye nokubekwa kweStent: Inkqubo apho kufakwa ibhaluni encinci kumthambo wegazi ovalekileyo, ivuthelwe ukuze inwebe umthambo, kwaye kufakwa ityhubhu encinci efana ne-mesh (stent) ukuze ingavaleki kwakhona.
- I-Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): Inkqubo yokudlula umthambo wegazi ovalekileyo kunye nokudala umthambo omtsha wegazi kusetyenziswa iqhekeza legazi elithathwe kwenye indawo yomzimba.
Ufanele wenze ntoni?
Musa ukoyika ukuba ufumanisa ukuba unale meko. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nogqirha wakho.
- Yiya kwiikliniki ngexesha elicwangcisiweyo njengoko ekuxelela.
- Hlola uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, i-cholesterol, kunye namanqanaba eswekile rhoqo uze uwagcine elawulwa.
- Ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha ezibonakala okanye iimpawu ezikhoyo ziyatshintsha, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Nyamekela impilo yakho yengqondo. Kuqhelekile ukuba nexhala kwaye woyike xa uphila kwimeko efana nale. Thetha nosapho lwakho, abahlobo, okanye umcebisi ngayo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU)?
Ukuba wena okanye umntu okufutshane nawe ufumana iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo (iintlungu eziqatha esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu eziphuma engalweni yasekhohlo) okanye isifo sohlangothi (ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso, ubunzima bokuthetha, ukulahlekelwa zingqondo kwelinye icala lomzimba) , fowunela u-1990 ngokukhawuleza ukuze ucele i-ambulensi okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane. Ezi ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-atherosclerosis yimeko ethule, kodwa eyingozi kakhulu ekhula ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.
- I-cholesterol ephezulu, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, kunye nokutshaya zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela umngcipheko.
- Le ngozi ingancitshiswa kakhulu ngokutya ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga rhoqo , nokuphepha ukutshaya.
- Ukuba usemngciphekweni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokuhlolwa ngugqirha, nokuba awunazo naziphi na iimpawu.
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi. Yimeko engxamisekileyo. Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.
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