Injani i-blood pressure yakho? Masifumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye.

Unjani? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko esibalulekileyo kubantu abaninzi, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha esingaqondwa ngokupheleleyo. Oko kukuthi 'uxinzelelo lwegazi' okanye 'uxinzelelo' njengoko silubiza njalo. Kufana noxinzelelo esiluvayo xa igazi lihamba ngemithambo yethu, eyimithambo yegazi emikhulu emzimbeni wethu. Umzuzwana ngamnye intliziyo yakho ibetha, ipompa igazi kwimithambo ethwala igazi emzimbeni wonke. Oku kwenzeka phakathi kwamaxesha angama-60 ukuya kwali-100 ngomzuzu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku. Le mithambo yeyo ethwala ioksijini kunye nezondlo emzimbeni wakho wonke kwaye inceda umzimba wakho usebenze kakuhle.

Ingaba 'uxinzelelo lwegazi' kunye 'nesantya sentliziyo' zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo?

Ngoku abanye abantu bacinga ukuba 'uxinzelelo lwegazi' kunye 'nesantya sentliziyo' okanye isantya intliziyo ebetha ngaso ziyafana. Kodwa akunjalo. Nangona zombini zinxulumene nentliziyo, ezi zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Cinga ngayo, 'uxinzelelo lwegazi' yindlela igazi lakho elihamba ngayo ngokukhawuleza nangamandla angakanani na egazini lakho. 'Uxinzelelo lwentliziyo' yindlela intliziyo yakho ebetha ngayo kangaphi ngomzuzu.

Ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo akuthethi ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luphezulu rhoqo. Ukuze wazi uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo, kufuneka usebenzise i-blood pressure cuff kunye ne-gauge.

Kutheni uxinzelelo lwegazi lungasoloko lufana?

Uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi alusoloko lufana. Luyatshintsha kuxhomekeke kwinto oyenzayo. Xa uzilolonga okanye uxinezelekile, uxinzelelo lwakho luyanyuka. Xa ulele kwaye uphumle, uxinzelelo lwakho luyehla.

Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa ezi zinto zinokubangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lutshintshe:

• Ubudala: Uxinzelelo lwegazi lunokutshintsha njengoko ukhula.
• Amayeza owasebenzisayo: Amanye amayeza achaphazela uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Utshintsho kwindlela omi ngayo: Kunokubakho utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela omi ngayo, njengaxa uhleli phantsi ngequbuliso xa umi.

Kutheni kufuneka sicinge kangaka ngoxinzelelo lwegazi? Ingaba 'ngumbulali othuleyo'?

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, olwaziwa ngokuba luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba "ngumbulali othuleyo" kuba alusoloko lubangela zimpawu. Nokuba awuziva nto, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lungonakalisa intliziyo yakho, izintso, kunye nengqondo.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luyinto ephambili ebangela ukuba umntu abe nesifo sentliziyo. Ukuba alunyangwa, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezifana nezi:

• Uhlaselo lwe-ischemic olukhawulezileyo (TIA)
• Istroke
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Intliziyo ekhulisiweyo
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Isifo semithambo yegazi ejikeleze imilenze - Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi emilenzeni kuyancipha kwaye kuvela iintlungu.
• Ukubuthathaka nokudumba kweendonga zemithambo yegazi (`Aneurysms`)
• Isifo sezintso
• Imithambo yegazi emincinci emehlweni yagqabhuka.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba zininzi izinto ezinokwenzeka emzimbeni ngaphandle kweempawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unyamekele uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi!

Ngubani onokuba noxinzelelo ngakumbi?

Usengozini enkulu yokuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ukuba unesinye sezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho onesifo segazi esiphezulu, isifo sentliziyo, okanye isifo seswekile (`iDiabetes Mellitus`).
• Ukuba umnyama (oku kubangelwa yimfuza).
• Ukuba uneminyaka engama-60 ubudala nangaphezulu.
• Ukuba inqanaba le-cholesterol egazini liphezulu.
• Ukuba usebenzisa iipilisi zokulawula ukukhulelwa (`izithinteli zokukhulelwa ezithethwa ngomlomo`).
• Ukuba utyebile kakhulu.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile (`iDiabetes Mellitus`).
• Ukuba usebenzisa iimveliso zecuba (ezifana neecuba, ii-beedis).
• Ukuba awuzilolongi kakuhle.
• Ukuba udla ngokutya ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi.

Uyijonga njani kwaye nini i-blood pressure yakho?

Ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luqhelekile, ugqirha wakho kufuneka aluhlole ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwakho konyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukufundwa koxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kuphezulu xa undwendwela ugqirha wakho, angakuxelela ukuba uhlole uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ekhaya. Oku kusenokuba kaninzi ngemini, okanye kube kanye ngeveki.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukujonga uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ngexesha elifanayo yonke imihla . Ungayijonga kabini okanye kathathu ngokulandelelana, kodwa linda malunga nomzuzu phakathi kokufunda ngakunye. Xa ugqibile, thatha umyinge wokufunda kabini okanye kathathu okwenzileyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokukucela ukuba unxibe isixhobo sokujonga uxinzelelo lwegazi esisebenza iiyure ezingama-24, esiza kulinganisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ngokuzenzekelayo rhoqo emva kwemizuzu eli-15 okanye engama-30 ngelixa usenza imisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu?

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luyinto ebangela umngcipheko omkhulu wesifo sentliziyo. Ukuba alunyangwa, lunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana ne-TIA, iStroke, kunye nohlaselo lwentliziyo esithethe ngazo ngaphambili. Ngoko ke, unyango kukwenza utshintsho njengoko ugqirha wakho esitsho.

Utshintsho kwindlela yokutya kunye nendlela yokuphila

• Fikelela kwisisindo esifanela umzimba wakho kwaye usilondoloze.
• Zilolonge rhoqo.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo, okunesondlo sentliziyo okunetyuwa encinci, amafutha, kunye ne-cholesterol, kunye neziqhamo kunye nemifuno emitsha eninzi. Ukutya kakuhle yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi. Isicwangciso sokutya se-DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) kunye nokunciphisa i-sodium (ityuwa) kunokunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi. Cela ugqirha wakho ukuba akuthumelele kwingcali yokutya ukuze akuncede wenze isicwangciso sokutya esifanelekileyo kuwe.
• Nciphisa utywala obuselayo. Uninzi lwamadoda lucetyiswa ukuba lungadluli kwiziselo ezimbini ezinxilisayo ngosuku, kwaye abafazi kunye namadoda amancinci bacetyiswa ukuba lungadluli kwisiselo esinye esinxilisayo ngosuku. (Isiselo esinye simalunga nee-ounces ezili-12 zebhiya, ii-ounces ezili-12 zewayini epholileyo, ii-ounces ezi-5 zewayini, okanye ii-ounces ezili-1.5 zotywala obuqinileyo.)
• Lawula uxinzelelo kunye nomsindo.
• Ziphephe ngokupheleleyo zonke iimveliso zecuba kunye ne-nicotine.
• Kubalulekile nokulawula amanqanaba e-lipid egazini (i-LDL, i-Cholesterol, i-Triglycerides) kunye nezinye izifo ezifana nesifo seswekile.

Ukudibana nogqirha kunye nengcali yezonyango

• Sela onke amayeza ugqirha wakho awakuyalelayo njengoko uyalelwe. Musa ukuqala okanye ukuyeka ukuthatha nawaphi na amayeza ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho. Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi awaqhubeki nokusebenza emva kokuba uyekile ukuwasebenzisa.
• Amanye amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha, anje ngamayeza okunciphisa ukuxinana kwegazi, anokuchaphazela indlela amayeza akho oxinzelelo lwegazi asebenza ngayo.
• Ungalibali ukubona ugqirha wakho ngeentsuku ozibekileyo. Uyakwazi ukujonga uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, enze naluphi na utshintsho olufunekayo kumayeza akho, aze akuncede ulawule umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo yakho.

Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba ujonge uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ekhaya uze ulubhale phantsi. Ukuba ukuxelela, landela imiyalelo yakhe ngokuchanekileyo.

Uzilungiselela njani ngaphambi kokuba ujonge uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi?

Ukuze ulinganise ngokuchanekileyo uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, khumbula ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukuba usandul’ ukugqiba ukutshaya, ukwenza umthambo, okanye ukusela ikomityi yekofu, linda malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuba ujonge uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi.
• Yiya kwindlu yangasese uze ukhuphe isinyi sakho.
• Songa umkhono wehempe yakho. Musa ukunxiba ibhanti phezu komkhono wehempe yakho.
• Hlala phantsi uthule ungathethi imizuzu emihlanu.
• Hlala uthe nkqo, iinyawo zombini zibekwe phantsi. Musa ukunqumla imilenze yakho.
• Beka isandla sakho etafileni ekwinqanaba lentliziyo.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi lulinganiswa njani?

Ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lulinganiswa ngesandla, ugqirha okanye umongikazi uza kwenza oku ngolu hlobo:

• Ibhendi ekhethekileyo (`cuff`) - eqhagamshelwe kwimitha (`gauge` okanye `Sphygmomanometer`) - ijikelezwe kwingalo yakho engasentla (ngaphezulu kwengqiniba).
• Emva koko ibhendi iyafuthwa ide iqine ingalo yakho. Isixhobo esincinci esifana nebhola esiqhotyoshelwe kwibhendi siyacinezelwa. Oku kucinezela umthambo wakho we-brachial, kuthintele okwethutyana ukuhamba kwegazi kuwo. Ngeli xesha, imitha kufuneka ifunde malunga ne-200 mmHg.
• Okulandelayo, ngelixa umamele isandi segazi elihamba ngemithambo yegazi engalweni yakho nge-stethoscope, i-cuff iyaphuma kancinci kancinci (ngevalvu eqhotyoshelwe kwi-cuff). Inaliti ekwimitha iya kuqala ukwehla.
• Xa uqala ukuva isandi sokuhamba kwegazi (isandi sokubetha kwentliziyo), ujonga ixabiso elikwimitha. Elo lixabiso le-systolic, elixabiso liphezulu.
• Emva koko, ivalvu iyavulwa ngakumbi kwaye ibhendi ikhululwe ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko, uxinzelelo olukwimithambo yengalo luyayeka, kwaye igazi liqala ukuhamba ngokuqhelekileyo kwakhona. Xa ibhendi ikhululiwe kwaye isandi sokuhamba kwegazi siyema, ixabiso elikwimitha liyafundwa. Elo lixabiso le-diastolic, elixabiso elisezantsi.

Kukwakho nezibonisi zoxinzelelo lwegazi ezizenzekelayo onokuzisebenzisa ekhaya.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuhlolwa koxinzelelo lwegazi?

Ukuba ukhathazekile kwaye uxhalabile xa usiya kugqirha wakho, ukufundwa koxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kusenokuba phezulu kunokuba kunjalo ngokwenene. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi- "White Coat Syndrome." Kufana nokunyuka koxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi xa ubona uboya obumhlophe bukagqirha. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba ujonge uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ekhaya imini yonke. Emva koko ungabhala phantsi ukufundwa koxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi uze umbonise ugqirha wakho.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi?

Xa ulinganisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, uziva uxinene kancinci xa ufutha i-cuff ejikeleze ingalo yakho. Kodwa ihlala ixesha elifutshane kuphela. Emva koko ibuyela esiqhelweni. Akukho miphumo mibi imbi.

Zithini ixabiso loxinzelelo lwegazi esilifumanayo?

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi lweSystolic (inombolo ephezulu/yokuqala): Olu luxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwimithambo yakho xa intliziyo yakho ibetha kwaye ipompa igazi kwimithambo yakho.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphuma kwi-diastolic (inombolo esezantsi/yesibini): Olu luxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi xa intliziyo iphumle, phakathi kwentliziyo ezimbini.

Oogqirha banika ezi zilinganiso ngeemilimitha zemercury (mm Hg). Ibizwa njalo kuba ngaphambili, izixhobo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo zazinemercury.

Yintoni uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo?

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo lungaphantsi kwe-120/80 mm Hg.

Ukuba 'uxinzelelo lwegazi' luyi-120-129 (inani eliphezulu) kwaye inani eliphantsi lingaphantsi kwe-80 `mm Hg` , luthathwa 'njengoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu' (oluphezulu kancinci). Abantu abakolu didi, ukuba abenzi nto ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwabo, uxinzelelo lwabo lunokunyuka ngakumbi.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kangakanani na ngokuyingozi?

Ukuba inani lakho eliphezulu liyi-180 nangaphezulu, kwaye/okanye inani lakho elisezantsi liyi-120 nangaphezulu, funa uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo ngokukhawuleza, okanye cela umntu akuse esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Le yimeko eyingozi ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Hypertensive Crisis" .

Ngexesha 'leNgxaki ePhezulu kweNgqondo', unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ukulahlekelwa yimbono ecacileyo okanye ubunzima bokuthetha.
• Umqolo obuhlungu.
• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo okanye ukuba ndindisholo.

Uvavanyo loxinzelelo oluphantsi, kodwa oluphezulu luthetha ukuba usenokuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu 'lweSigaba 1' okanye 'lweSigaba 2'.

• Inqanaba loku-1 loxinzelelo lwegazi: Ukufundwa okuphezulu 130-139 okanye ukufundwa okuphantsi 80-89.
• Inqanaba lesi-2 loxinzelelo lwegazi: Inani eliphezulu li-140 nangaphezulu, okanye inani eliphantsi li-90 nangaphezulu.

Ukuba umlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ukwi-'Stage 1' okanye 'Stage 2', ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela ukuba wenze utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo kwaye akunike amayeza oxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kakhulu lungakanani?

Uxinzelelo oluphantsi kwe-90/60 mm Hg luthathwa njengoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi. Abanye abantu banokuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi ngamaxesha onke, nto leyo eqhelekileyo kubo. Kodwa kwabanye, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi luthetha ukuba kukho into engalunganga. Basenokungafumani igazi elaneleyo kwizitho zabo ezibalulekileyo.

Ngaba ixabiso eliphezulu okanye elosezantsi libaluleke ngakumbi?

Ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa inombolo ephezulu okanye esezantsi ukuze abone ukuba unesifo segazi esiphakamileyo na. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50, badla ngokugxila kakhulu kwinombolo ephezulu (inombolo ye-systolic) njengesizathu somngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

Njengoko ukhula, imithambo yakho iyaqina ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye njengoko amafutha kunye ne-cholesterol (i-plaque) ziqokelelana, uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luyanyuka.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo?

Ungayifumanisa ngoko nangoko i-blood pressure yakho. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukuba i-studies ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu (zithathwe kwiintsuku ezahlukeneyo) ukuze abone ukuba unesifo segazi esiphakamileyo na. Angakucela ukuba ubuye ukuze uhlolwe kwakhona ngolunye usuku.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba umlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwegazi lwasekhaya uphezulu okanye uphantsi kunesiqhelo, fowunela ugqirha wakho. Ukuba umlinganiselo wakho uphezulu kwi-180/120 mm Hg, okanye elinye lala manani liphezulu, fowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka.

Nokuba awunazo iimpawu, uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lusenokuba phezulu. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukujonga uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba lukwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo. Ukuba unesifo soxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, thatha amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele. Musa ukuqala okanye ukuyeka ukuwasela amayeza akho ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho. Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi awenzi emva kokuba uyekile ukuwasela. Bona ugqirha wakho ngexesha ukuze akwazi ukujonga uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, enze naluphi na utshintsho olufunekayo kumayeza akho, kwaye akuncede ukulawula umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke ngokwezinto esizithethileyo, ndiyathemba ukuba unoluvo oluhle malunga 'noxinzelelo lwegazi'. Ngamafutshane:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi lubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yomzimba wakho.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga uxinzelelo lwegazi rhoqo, ingakumbi ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lunokuba "ngumbulali othuleyo," ngoko ke musa ukulinda ukuba kuvele iimpawu.
• Indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, ukuyeka ukutshaya, ukulawula uxinzelelo) luncedo kakhulu ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Ukuba ugqirha ubhale amayeza, thatha kanye njengoko uyalelwe. Ungaze uyeke ukuwathatha ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
• Qaphela ukufundwa koxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, ingakumbi amanqanaba ayingozi njenge-180/120 mm Hg, kwaye funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba kwenzeka.

Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho! Ngoko ke kungcono ukuyinyamekela le nto.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi , uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo sentliziyo, impilo, umlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwegazi, uxinzelelo, uxinzelelo lwegazi