Indlela Umzimba Osebenza NgayoJulayi 16, 2026🔄 Updated: Jul 16, 2026⏱ 7 min

Ngaba umntwana wakho une-autism? Masithethe ngayo ngokulula.

Creator: Dr. Priya Sammani
Published: 2026-07-15T22:50:50.000Z

Dr. Priya Sammani, MBBS, PG Dip. FMMedical Verification

Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci akahlalisani nabanye abantwana? Ngaba uvakalelwa kukuba uyedwa kwihlabathi lakhe? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ufumana kunzima ukuqonda indlela aziphatha ngayo? Kuqhelekile ukuba wena njengomzali uzive ukhathazekile kancinci kwaye unemibuzo emininzi ngenxa yezinto ezinje. Abazali abaninzi baxhalabile ngezinto ezinje. Ngoko ke, namhlanje sithetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-autism, enokubonisa ezi mpawu. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngokulula nangokucacileyo.

Okokuqala, masiqonde, yintoni i-autism?

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe nge-autism, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka siziqonde sonke.

I-Autism ayisosifo: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo sizama ukunyanga, "ukuphucula" "isifo". Kodwa i-autism ayisosifo esifuna ukunyangwa. Lutshintsho kwindlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yomntwana. Ngoko ke injongo yoogqirha apha asikokunyanga umntwana, kodwa kukunceda umntwana akwazi ukulawula imingeni ajongene nayo, ngelixa ebanceda ukuba basebenzise amandla abo kunye neetalente zabo .

Abantwana abane-autism 'ba-Neurodivergent': Musa ukoyika eli gama lesiNgesi. Kalula nje, lithetha ukuba ubuchopho babo busebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunokuba bekulindelwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana wakho usenokuba ngcono kakhulu kwezinye izinto kunabanye abantwana, kwaye unokufuna uncedo olungakumbi ngezinye izinto.

I-Autism yiSpectrum: Yicinge njengomnyama. Njengokuba kukho imibala eyahlukeneyo kumnyama, abantwana nabantu abadala abane-autism bahluke kakhulu omnye komnye. Ubuntu babo, iitalente zabo, kunye nemingeni yabo yahlukile. Ngoko ke akukho sisombululo "esifanayo nesinye esifanela bonke". Umntwana ngamnye udinga inkxaso eyahlukileyo kuye, eyenzelwe iimfuno zakhe.

Iingcamango ezingachanekanga malunga ne-autism: Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iingcamango ezininzi ezingachanekanga malunga ne-autism bezixhaphakile kuluntu. Ezi ngcamango zingachanekanga ziye zabangela ingozi enkulu kubantu abane-autism. Asinakukwazi ukuyicima loo nto idlulileyo, kodwa sifunde kuyo. Injongo yonyango lwanamhlanje asikokunyanzela abantwana abane-autism ukuba babe "kwisakhelo" soluntu, kodwa kukubanceda baphuhlise izakhono abazidingayo.

Nangona oogqirha besebenzisa amagama anjengelithi “iimpawu” kunye nelithi “ukuxilongwa,” kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba i-autism ingaphezulu nje kokuxilongwa; yinxalenye yobuntu bomntu.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-autism kumntwana?

Iimpawu ze-autism zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili:

1. Ubunzima kunxibelelwano lwentlalo kunye nokusebenzisana: Oku kuthetha ubunzima ekwakheni ubudlelwane kunye nokuthetha nabanye.

2.Ukuziphatha okulinganiselweyo nokuphindaphindwayo, izinto onomdla kuzo, okanye imisebenzi: Oku kuthetha ukwenza izinto ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, okanye ukuba nokukhetha kakhulu izinto ezifanayo.

Indlela ezi mpawu ezibonakala ngayo inokutshintsha ngokweminyaka yomntwana. Makhe sijonge oku ngendlela elula ukuyiqonda.

Iqela leminyaka	Iimpawu ezinokubonwa kunxibelelwano lwentlalo
Abantwana abancinci	Ukungajongi into oyijongileyo, ukungajongi into oyijongileyo ngomnwe wakho. Akaphenduli xa ebizwa ngegama. Ukungabi namdla kwimidlalo efana ne "Hangi Hora". Akazami ukukubonisa into ayifumeneyo. Ukujonga kude endaweni yokujonga ngqo emehlweni akho. Ukusebenzisa isandla sakho njengesixhobo sokufumana into ayifunayo. Ukuqhubeka nokufuna ukudlala wedwa nangona sele eneminyaka emi-2 ubudala.
Abantwana Abadala	Ukuqhubeka nokuthetha ngezihloko ezimbalwa kuphela ezilinganiselweyo. Bathetha ngecala labo kuphela, kungekho ncoko phakathi kwabo bobabini. Kubonakala ngathi abanamdla wokuqalisa incoko. Ubunzima bokuvakalisa iimvakalelo zakho nokuqonda iimvakalelo zabanye abantu. Ubunzima bokuqonda nokusebenzisa ulwimi lomzimba (umz., ukujonga kude nomntu othethayo). Ukuthetha ngelizwi elinye. Ukungakwazi ukuqonda iimpawu zentlalo ezinikwa ngabanye abantu kuluntu.
Abantwana abancinci (Abakwishumi elivisayo)	Ubunzima bokuqonda intsingiselo yoko kuthethwa ngabanye abantu (umz., ukungaqondi ukugculela). Asiyi kuqalisa ubudlelwane nabantu. Andijongi emehlweni konke konke okanye andijongi kangako. Kunzima ukufanisa intetho kunye nolwimi lomzimba. Kunzima ukufumana abahlobo noontanga. Ukusebenzisana lula nabantwana abancinci kunawe okanye nabantu abadala. Kunzima ukucinga ngokwembono yomnye umntu. Ukungayiqondi imithetho yentlalo efana nokubulisa nendawo yobuqu.

Iqela leminyaka	Iimpawu zokuziphatha ezibonakalayo
Abantwana abancinci	Ukuphindaphinda amagama okanye izivakalisi eziviweyo (Echolalia). Iintshukumo eziphindaphindwayo ezifana nokuqhwaba izandla, ukushukumisa umzimba, kunye nokujikeleza. Ukuqhubeka nokwenza into efanayo ngethoyi okanye inxalenye yayo (umz., ukuqhubeka ujikeleza amavili emoto). Nokuba utshintsho oluncinci kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla lunokubangela ixhala elikhulu. Ukubeka izinto zokudlala okanye ezinye izinto ngokulandelelana kwazo kunye nokuchasa nabani na otshintsha indlela ezicwangciswe ngayo. Ukwala ukutya iintlobo ezithile zokutya. Ezinye ilaphu zisabela ngamandla xa zikhuhla emzimbeni okanye kwezinye izinto. Ukubonisa umdla omkhulu kwinto engalindelekanga, njengecephe lomthi okanye ifeni.
Abantwana abadala nabancinci	Ukuphindaphinda amagama okanye izivakalisi eziviwa kwiincwadi, kwiimuvi, okanye kwiinkqubo zeTV. Kunzima ukutshintshela komnye umsebenzi uye komnye. Ukhetho olukhulu lwemisebenzi eqhelekileyo okanye iipateni. Ukubonisa umdla onzulu kakhulu nonomdla kwisihloko okanye ingqokelela ethile.

Iqela leminyaka

Iimpawu zokuziphatha ezibonakalayo

Abantwana abancinci

Ukuphindaphinda amagama okanye izivakalisi eziviweyo (Echolalia).
Iintshukumo eziphindaphindwayo ezifana nokuqhwaba izandla, ukushukumisa umzimba, kunye nokujikeleza.
Ukuqhubeka nokwenza into efanayo ngethoyi okanye inxalenye yayo (umz., ukuqhubeka ujikeleza amavili emoto).
Nokuba utshintsho oluncinci kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla lunokubangela ixhala elikhulu.
Ukubeka izinto zokudlala okanye ezinye izinto ngokulandelelana kwazo kunye nokuchasa nabani na otshintsha indlela ezicwangciswe ngayo.
Ukwala ukutya iintlobo ezithile zokutya.
Ezinye ilaphu zisabela ngamandla xa zikhuhla emzimbeni okanye kwezinye izinto.
Ukubonisa umdla omkhulu kwinto engalindelekanga, njengecephe lomthi okanye ifeni.

Abantwana abadala nabancinci

Ukuphindaphinda amagama okanye izivakalisi eziviwa kwiincwadi, kwiimuvi, okanye kwiinkqubo zeTV.

Kunzima ukutshintshela komnye umsebenzi uye komnye.

Ukhetho olukhulu lwemisebenzi eqhelekileyo okanye iipateni.

Ukubonisa umdla onzulu kakhulu nonomdla kwisihloko okanye ingqokelela ethile.

Kubalulekile: Ezinye zezinto ezidweliswe apha zizinto eziza kwenziwa ngumntwana ngaxa lithile. Kodwa kwimeko ye-autism, ezi ndlela zokuziphatha aziyiyo into eza "kukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha." Kwaye zinokubangela imingeni kumntwana esikolweni okanye xa esebenzisana noontanga bakhe.

Amandla akhethekileyo kunye neetalente zabantwana abane-autism

Ngaphandle kokuthetha ngemingeni, abantwana kunye nabantu abane-autism banamandla akhethekileyo. Ungacinga ngala "mandla abo angaphaya kwawemvelo."

Ukunyaniseka nokuthe ngqo: Bathanda ukuveza iingcinga zabo ngokuthe ngqo nangokunyanisekileyo.
Ukuma nxamnye nokungalunganga: Banamandla okuthethelela okulungileyo, nokuba kuchasene noluvo lwabantu abaninzi.
Amandla okuziphatha: Bakhuthazwa ukuba benze ngokwengqiqo yabo enamandla yokulungileyo nokubi, nokuba akukho mntu ubajongileyo.
Uqhagamshelwano namaqela ahlukeneyo eminyaka: Ungaqhagamshelana ngokulula nabani na, nokuba ungakanani na ubudala.
Ukugxila nzulu: Kukho amandla amangalisayo okugxila kwisihloko ixesha elide kwaye ufumane ulwazi oluyingcali ngaloo nto.
Ingcinga enamandla nengqiqo: Usenokuba ngcono ekusombululeni iingxaki ngokucinga ngeliso nangengqiqo, endaweni yokuthetha.

Yintoni ebangela i-autism?

Akukho sizathu sinye sifunyenweyo. Okwangoku kukholelwa ukuba i-autism ibangelwa kukudibana kwezakhi zofuzo kunye nezinto ezingqongileyo, ezifana nokuchaphazeleka kwizinto ezingqongileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuzala. Ezi zinto zisebenza kunye ukuchaphazela uphuhliso lwengqondo yomntwana.

Ezinye izinto ezicingelwa ukuba zinyusa amathuba okuba ne-autism ziquka:

Ubudala bomama bungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35.
Ukukhulelwa kwakhona zingekapheli iinyanga ezili-12 emva kokuba nomntwana omnye.
Isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa senzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Ukopha ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile, anjenge-valproate, ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Uthintelo Lokukhula Kwangaphakathi Kwesibeleko (IGR).
Ukuncipha kokunikezelwa kweoksijini kumntwana ongekazalwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye lokubeleka.
Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha (ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha).

Ngaba i-autism ifunyanwa njengelifa?

Ewe, inokuba njalo. Kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi "kwemfuza" kunye "nelifa."

I-Autism "yimfuza" ngengqiqo yokuba utshintsho kwiimfuza ezithile luchaphazela indlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yomntwana. Ngamanye amaxesha olu tshintsho kwimfuza lunokukhula emntwaneni ngokwakhe. Kwimeko enjalo, ayisiyonto izuzwe njengelifa.

Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho lwemfuza lunokudluliselwa kubantwana lusuka kubazali. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba i-autism inokuba yimfuza, njengoko ibonwa kubantwana bakowabo.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-autism?

Inkqubo yokuxilonga i-autism ibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela. Idla ngokuqala ngovavanyo lwezonyango lomntwana ngokubanzi. Iingcali zabantwana zicebisa ukuba umntwana ahlolwe i-autism xa eneminyaka eli-18 nengama-24 ubudala. Ugqirha uza kukubuza imibuzo embalwa malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho kunye nonxibelelwano lwakhe.

Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho une-autism, uza kukuthumela komnye ugqirha onolwazi oluphezulu kweli candelo. Loo ngcali uza kuthetha nawe, achithe ixesha nomntwana wakho, aze ajonge umntwana wakho.

Zenzelwe ukuxilongwaImigaqo esetyenzisiweyo kwisikhokelo sezonyango iDSM-5-TR zezi: Ukuze umntwana afunyaniswe ene-autism, kufuneka abe nobunzima kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

A. Kufuneka kubekho ubunzima kuzo zontathu iindawo zentlalo:

1. Ukwabelana ngeemvakalelo: Oku kubhekisa kubunzima bokutshintshiselana ngezimvo kuzo zombini iindlela, njengakwincoko.

2. Unxibelelwano olungenalo ilizwi: Ubunzima bokusebenzisa nokuqonda izinto ezifana nokunxibelelana ngamehlo kunye nolwimi lomzimba.

3. Ukwakha nokugcina ubudlelwane: Ubunzima bokuhlalisana nabanye kunye nokuziphatha ngokufanelekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

kwaye

B. Ubuncinane kufuneka kubekho iindawo ezimbini kwezine zokuziphatha okuphindaphindwayo:

1. Iintshukumo eziphindaphindayo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto, okanye intetho: ukuphinda-phinda okanye ukuthetha into enye ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

2. Ukunamathela ngokuqinileyo kwindlela okanye kwindlela efanayo: ukumelana notshintsho ngamandla.

3. Umdla onzulu kakhulu okanye ongaqhelekanga: Umdla ogqithisileyo kwinto ethile okanye kwisihloko esithile.

4. Ukusabela kakhulu okanye kancinci kwizinto ezivuselela iimvakalelo: Ukusabela kancinci okanye kancinci kunesiqhelo kwizinto ezifana nesandi, ukukhanya, ukuchukumisa, njl.njl.

Ngaba kukho uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-autism?

Akukho nto ifana novavanyo lwegazi okanye uvavanyo lomchamo. I-Autism ifunyaniswa yingcali eqeqeshiweyo ejonga umntwana kwaye ifumana ulwazi kubazali. Iindlela zovavanyo ezisemgangathweni ezifana ne-"Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)" zingasetyenziswa koku. Nangona uvavanyo lwe-genetic lunokwenziwa, aluyifumani i-autism. Ingachonga kuphela izinto ze-genetic ezinokubangela utshintsho kwingqondo yomntwana.

Ukubonelela ngonyango nenkxaso

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zokuxhasa abantwana abane-autism. Ezi ndlela zisebenza ekwakheni amandla omntwana ngelixa zimnceda ukuba alawule imingeni ajongene nayo. Ezinye iindlela zonyango zikwafundisa abazali kunye namalungu osapho indlela yokuxhasa umntwana wabo.

Khumbula, okukhona olu ncedo luqala kwangoko, ingakumbi ngaphambi kokuba lufikelele kwiminyaka emi-3 , kokukhona luya kuba luncedo ngakumbi kwikamva lomntwana.

Iimeko ezinokwenzeka ngaxeshanye ezinokubakho kwi-autism nazo zisenokufuna unyango. Umzekelo:

Iingxaki zokungakhathali (Ukunqongophala kweNgqwalasela/Ingxaki yokuNgakhathali kakhulu - i-ADHD)
Iingxaki zokuxhalaba
Iingxaki zokulala
Isifo sokuwa
Isifo Sokuxhalaba Okugqithisileyo (OCD)

Kwezi meko, oogqirha banokucebisa unyango olufana neCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), amayeza ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunye neSicwangciso seMfundo esiZimeleyo (IEP) kwiimfuno zemfundo zomntwana wakho. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo yonke le nto ngokukhululekileyo.

Ukuba ngumzali kufana nokuba ngumfundi. Uhlala ufunda, ukhula nomntwana wakho. Ukuba umntwana wakho une-autism, ukufunda kwakho kusenokuhluka kancinci kunokuba ubukulindele. Kodwa ingcamango esisiseko iyafana - umntwana wakho uyakhokela, kwaye wena uyalandela. Khumbula, awukho kolu hambo wedwa. Oogqirha bomntwana wakho kunye neqela lonyango bakunye nosapho lwakho kuyo yonke imingeni kunye nayo yonke into evuyisayo.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

I-Autism ayisosifo, lutshintsho kwindlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo. Ngoko ke endaweni yokufuna "unyango," gxila ekuxhaseni umntwana wakho nasekuqiniseni amandla akhe.

Wonke umntwana one-autism wahlukile, ngoko endaweni yokubathelekisa nabanye abantwana, qonda iimfuno zomntwana wakho ezikhethekileyo.

Ukufumanisa isifo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka nokubonelela ngenkxaso efunekayo kunye nonyango kubaluleke kakhulu kwikamva lomntwana.

Qaphela, uxabise, kwaye ukhuthaze iziphiwo kunye namandla omntwana wakho akhethekileyo, kunye nemingeni ajongene nayo.

Awuwedwa. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, imibuzo, okanye iinkxalabo, thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho wezingane (ugqirha).

I-Autism, i-Autism, i-Autism Spectrum Disorder, i-ASD, i-Autism ebantwaneni, iimpawu ze-Autism, impilo yengqondo yomntwana

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Ngaba i-autism ifunyanwa njengelifa?

Ewe, inokuba njalo. Kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi "kwemfuza" kunye "nelifa."

Ngaba kukho uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-autism?

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Indlela Umzimba Osebenza NgayoJulayi 16, 2026
Ngaba umntwana wakho une-autism? Masithethe ngayo ngokulula.
Dr. Priya SammaniMedical Verification
⏱ 7 min read
📋Table of Contents
1. Okokuqala, masiqonde, yintoni i-autism?
2. Ziziphi iimpawu ze-autism kumntwana?
3. Amandla akhethekileyo kunye neetalente zabantwana abane-autism
4. Yintoni ebangela i-autism?
5. Ngaba i-autism ifunyanwa njengelifa?
6. Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-autism?
7. Ngaba kukho uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-autism?
8. Ukubonelela ngonyango nenkxaso
9. Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci akahlalisani nabanye abantwana? Ngaba uvakalelwa kukuba uyedwa kwihlabathi lakhe? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ufumana kunzima ukuqonda indlela aziphatha ngayo? Kuqhelekile ukuba wena njengomzali uzive ukhathazekile kancinci kwaye unemibuzo emininzi ngenxa yezinto ezinje. Abazali abaninzi baxhalabile ngezinto ezinje. Ngoko ke, namhlanje sithetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-autism, enokubonisa ezi mpawu. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngokulula nangokucacileyo.
Okokuqala, masiqonde, yintoni i-autism?
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe nge-autism, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka siziqonde sonke.

I-Autism ayisosifo: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo sizama ukunyanga, "ukuphucula" "isifo". Kodwa i-autism ayisosifo esifuna ukunyangwa. Lutshintsho kwindlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yomntwana. Ngoko ke injongo yoogqirha apha asikokunyanga umntwana, kodwa kukunceda umntwana akwazi ukulawula imingeni ajongene nayo, ngelixa ebanceda ukuba basebenzise amandla abo kunye neetalente zabo .
Abantwana abane-autism 'ba-Neurodivergent': Musa ukoyika eli gama lesiNgesi. Kalula nje, lithetha ukuba ubuchopho babo busebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunokuba bekulindelwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana wakho usenokuba ngcono kakhulu kwezinye izinto kunabanye abantwana, kwaye unokufuna uncedo olungakumbi ngezinye izinto.
I-Autism yiSpectrum: Yicinge njengomnyama. Njengokuba kukho imibala eyahlukeneyo kumnyama, abantwana nabantu abadala abane-autism bahluke kakhulu omnye komnye. Ubuntu babo, iitalente zabo, kunye nemingeni yabo yahlukile. Ngoko ke akukho sisombululo "esifanayo nesinye esifanela bonke". Umntwana ngamnye udinga inkxaso eyahlukileyo kuye, eyenzelwe iimfuno zakhe.
Iingcamango ezingachanekanga malunga ne-autism: Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iingcamango ezininzi ezingachanekanga malunga ne-autism bezixhaphakile kuluntu. Ezi ngcamango zingachanekanga ziye zabangela ingozi enkulu kubantu abane-autism. Asinakukwazi ukuyicima loo nto idlulileyo, kodwa sifunde kuyo. Injongo yonyango lwanamhlanje asikokunyanzela abantwana abane-autism ukuba babe "kwisakhelo" soluntu, kodwa kukubanceda baphuhlise izakhono abazidingayo.
Nangona oogqirha besebenzisa amagama anjengelithi “iimpawu” kunye nelithi “ukuxilongwa,” kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba i-autism ingaphezulu nje kokuxilongwa; yinxalenye yobuntu bomntu.
Ziziphi iimpawu ze-autism kumntwana?
Iimpawu ze-autism zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili:
1. Ubunzima kunxibelelwano lwentlalo kunye nokusebenzisana: Oku kuthetha ubunzima ekwakheni ubudlelwane kunye nokuthetha nabanye.
2.Ukuziphatha okulinganiselweyo nokuphindaphindwayo, izinto onomdla kuzo, okanye imisebenzi: Oku kuthetha ukwenza izinto ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, okanye ukuba nokukhetha kakhulu izinto ezifanayo.
Indlela ezi mpawu ezibonakala ngayo inokutshintsha ngokweminyaka yomntwana. Makhe sijonge oku ngendlela elula ukuyiqonda.
Iqela leminyaka Iimpawu ezinokubonwa kunxibelelwano lwentlalo
Abantwana abancinci
Ukungajongi into oyijongileyo, ukungajongi into oyijongileyo ngomnwe wakho.
Akaphenduli xa ebizwa ngegama.
Ukungabi namdla kwimidlalo efana ne "Hangi Hora".
Akazami ukukubonisa into ayifumeneyo.
Ukujonga kude endaweni yokujonga ngqo emehlweni akho.
Ukusebenzisa isandla sakho njengesixhobo sokufumana into ayifunayo.
Ukuqhubeka nokufuna ukudlala wedwa nangona sele eneminyaka emi-2 ubudala.
Abantwana Abadala
Ukuqhubeka nokuthetha ngezihloko ezimbalwa kuphela ezilinganiselweyo.
Bathetha ngecala labo kuphela, kungekho ncoko phakathi kwabo bobabini.
Kubonakala ngathi abanamdla wokuqalisa incoko.
Ubunzima bokuvakalisa iimvakalelo zakho nokuqonda iimvakalelo zabanye abantu.
Ubunzima bokuqonda nokusebenzisa ulwimi lomzimba (umz., ukujonga kude nomntu othethayo).
Ukuthetha ngelizwi elinye.
Ukungakwazi ukuqonda iimpawu zentlalo ezinikwa ngabanye abantu kuluntu.
Abantwana abancinci (Abakwishumi elivisayo)
Ubunzima bokuqonda intsingiselo yoko kuthethwa ngabanye abantu (umz., ukungaqondi ukugculela).
Asiyi kuqalisa ubudlelwane nabantu.
Andijongi emehlweni konke konke okanye andijongi kangako.
Kunzima ukufanisa intetho kunye nolwimi lomzimba.
Kunzima ukufumana abahlobo noontanga.
Ukusebenzisana lula nabantwana abancinci kunawe okanye nabantu abadala.
Kunzima ukucinga ngokwembono yomnye umntu.
Ukungayiqondi imithetho yentlalo efana nokubulisa nendawo yobuqu.
Iqela leminyaka Iimpawu zokuziphatha ezibonakalayo
Abantwana abancinci
Ukuphindaphinda amagama okanye izivakalisi eziviweyo (Echolalia).
Iintshukumo eziphindaphindwayo ezifana nokuqhwaba izandla, ukushukumisa umzimba, kunye nokujikeleza.
Ukuqhubeka nokwenza into efanayo ngethoyi okanye inxalenye yayo (umz., ukuqhubeka ujikeleza amavili emoto).
Nokuba utshintsho oluncinci kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla lunokubangela ixhala elikhulu.
Ukubeka izinto zokudlala okanye ezinye izinto ngokulandelelana kwazo kunye nokuchasa nabani na otshintsha indlela ezicwangciswe ngayo.
Ukwala ukutya iintlobo ezithile zokutya.
Ezinye ilaphu zisabela ngamandla xa zikhuhla emzimbeni okanye kwezinye izinto.
Ukubonisa umdla omkhulu kwinto engalindelekanga, njengecephe lomthi okanye ifeni.
Abantwana abadala nabancinci
Ukuphindaphinda amagama okanye izivakalisi eziviwa kwiincwadi, kwiimuvi, okanye kwiinkqubo zeTV.
Kunzima ukutshintshela komnye umsebenzi uye komnye.
Ukhetho olukhulu lwemisebenzi eqhelekileyo okanye iipateni.
Ukubonisa umdla onzulu kakhulu nonomdla kwisihloko okanye ingqokelela ethile.
Kubalulekile: Ezinye zezinto ezidweliswe apha zizinto eziza kwenziwa ngumntwana ngaxa lithile. Kodwa kwimeko ye-autism, ezi ndlela zokuziphatha aziyiyo into eza "kukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha." Kwaye zinokubangela imingeni kumntwana esikolweni okanye xa esebenzisana noontanga bakhe.
Amandla akhethekileyo kunye neetalente zabantwana abane-autism
Ngaphandle kokuthetha ngemingeni, abantwana kunye nabantu abane-autism banamandla akhethekileyo. Ungacinga ngala "mandla abo angaphaya kwawemvelo."
Ukunyaniseka nokuthe ngqo: Bathanda ukuveza iingcinga zabo ngokuthe ngqo nangokunyanisekileyo.
Ukuma nxamnye nokungalunganga: Banamandla okuthethelela okulungileyo, nokuba kuchasene noluvo lwabantu abaninzi.
Amandla okuziphatha: Bakhuthazwa ukuba benze ngokwengqiqo yabo enamandla yokulungileyo nokubi, nokuba akukho mntu ubajongileyo.
Uqhagamshelwano namaqela ahlukeneyo eminyaka: Ungaqhagamshelana ngokulula nabani na, nokuba ungakanani na ubudala.
Ukugxila nzulu: Kukho amandla amangalisayo okugxila kwisihloko ixesha elide kwaye ufumane ulwazi oluyingcali ngaloo nto.
Ingcinga enamandla nengqiqo: Usenokuba ngcono ekusombululeni iingxaki ngokucinga ngeliso nangengqiqo, endaweni yokuthetha.
Yintoni ebangela i-autism?
Akukho sizathu sinye sifunyenweyo. Okwangoku kukholelwa ukuba i-autism ibangelwa kukudibana kwezakhi zofuzo kunye nezinto ezingqongileyo, ezifana nokuchaphazeleka kwizinto ezingqongileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuzala. Ezi zinto zisebenza kunye ukuchaphazela uphuhliso lwengqondo yomntwana.
Ezinye izinto ezicingelwa ukuba zinyusa amathuba okuba ne-autism ziquka:
Ubudala bomama bungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35.
Ukukhulelwa kwakhona zingekapheli iinyanga ezili-12 emva kokuba nomntwana omnye.
Isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa senzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Ukopha ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile, anjenge-valproate, ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Uthintelo Lokukhula Kwangaphakathi Kwesibeleko (IGR).
Ukuncipha kokunikezelwa kweoksijini kumntwana ongekazalwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye lokubeleka.
Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha (ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha).
Ngaba i-autism ifunyanwa njengelifa?
Ewe, inokuba njalo. Kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi "kwemfuza" kunye "nelifa."
I-Autism "yimfuza" ngengqiqo yokuba utshintsho kwiimfuza ezithile luchaphazela indlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yomntwana. Ngamanye amaxesha olu tshintsho kwimfuza lunokukhula emntwaneni ngokwakhe. Kwimeko enjalo, ayisiyonto izuzwe njengelifa.
Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho lwemfuza lunokudluliselwa kubantwana lusuka kubazali. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba i-autism inokuba yimfuza, njengoko ibonwa kubantwana bakowabo.
Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-autism?
Inkqubo yokuxilonga i-autism ibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela. Idla ngokuqala ngovavanyo lwezonyango lomntwana ngokubanzi. Iingcali zabantwana zicebisa ukuba umntwana ahlolwe i-autism xa eneminyaka eli-18 nengama-24 ubudala. Ugqirha uza kukubuza imibuzo embalwa malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho kunye nonxibelelwano lwakhe.
Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho une-autism, uza kukuthumela komnye ugqirha onolwazi oluphezulu kweli candelo. Loo ngcali uza kuthetha nawe, achithe ixesha nomntwana wakho, aze ajonge umntwana wakho.
Zenzelwe ukuxilongwaImigaqo esetyenzisiweyo kwisikhokelo sezonyango iDSM-5-TR zezi: Ukuze umntwana afunyaniswe ene-autism, kufuneka abe nobunzima kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:
A. Kufuneka kubekho ubunzima kuzo zontathu iindawo zentlalo:
1. Ukwabelana ngeemvakalelo: Oku kubhekisa kubunzima bokutshintshiselana ngezimvo kuzo zombini iindlela, njengakwincoko.
2. Unxibelelwano olungenalo ilizwi: Ubunzima bokusebenzisa nokuqonda izinto ezifana nokunxibelelana ngamehlo kunye nolwimi lomzimba.
3. Ukwakha nokugcina ubudlelwane: Ubunzima bokuhlalisana nabanye kunye nokuziphatha ngokufanelekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
kwaye
B. Ubuncinane kufuneka kubekho iindawo ezimbini kwezine zokuziphatha okuphindaphindwayo:
1. Iintshukumo eziphindaphindayo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto, okanye intetho: ukuphinda-phinda okanye ukuthetha into enye ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
2. Ukunamathela ngokuqinileyo kwindlela okanye kwindlela efanayo: ukumelana notshintsho ngamandla.
3. Umdla onzulu kakhulu okanye ongaqhelekanga: Umdla ogqithisileyo kwinto ethile okanye kwisihloko esithile.
4. Ukusabela kakhulu okanye kancinci kwizinto ezivuselela iimvakalelo: Ukusabela kancinci okanye kancinci kunesiqhelo kwizinto ezifana nesandi, ukukhanya, ukuchukumisa, njl.njl.
Ngaba kukho uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-autism?
Akukho nto ifana novavanyo lwegazi okanye uvavanyo lomchamo. I-Autism ifunyaniswa yingcali eqeqeshiweyo ejonga umntwana kwaye ifumana ulwazi kubazali. Iindlela zovavanyo ezisemgangathweni ezifana ne-"Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)" zingasetyenziswa koku. Nangona uvavanyo lwe-genetic lunokwenziwa, aluyifumani i-autism. Ingachonga kuphela izinto ze-genetic ezinokubangela utshintsho kwingqondo yomntwana.
Ukubonelela ngonyango nenkxaso
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zokuxhasa abantwana abane-autism. Ezi ndlela zisebenza ekwakheni amandla omntwana ngelixa zimnceda ukuba alawule imingeni ajongene nayo. Ezinye iindlela zonyango zikwafundisa abazali kunye namalungu osapho indlela yokuxhasa umntwana wabo.
Khumbula, okukhona olu ncedo luqala kwangoko, ingakumbi ngaphambi kokuba lufikelele kwiminyaka emi-3 , kokukhona luya kuba luncedo ngakumbi kwikamva lomntwana.
Iimeko ezinokwenzeka ngaxeshanye ezinokubakho kwi-autism nazo zisenokufuna unyango. Umzekelo:
Iingxaki zokungakhathali (Ukunqongophala kweNgqwalasela/Ingxaki yokuNgakhathali kakhulu - i-ADHD)
Iingxaki zokuxhalaba
Iingxaki zokulala
Isifo sokuwa
Isifo Sokuxhalaba Okugqithisileyo (OCD)
Kwezi meko, oogqirha banokucebisa unyango olufana neCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), amayeza ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunye neSicwangciso seMfundo esiZimeleyo (IEP) kwiimfuno zemfundo zomntwana wakho. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo yonke le nto ngokukhululekileyo.
Ukuba ngumzali kufana nokuba ngumfundi. Uhlala ufunda, ukhula nomntwana wakho. Ukuba umntwana wakho une-autism, ukufunda kwakho kusenokuhluka kancinci kunokuba ubukulindele. Kodwa ingcamango esisiseko iyafana - umntwana wakho uyakhokela, kwaye wena uyalandela. Khumbula, awukho kolu hambo wedwa. Oogqirha bomntwana wakho kunye neqela lonyango bakunye nosapho lwakho kuyo yonke imingeni kunye nayo yonke into evuyisayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
I-Autism ayisosifo, lutshintsho kwindlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo. Ngoko ke endaweni yokufuna "unyango," gxila ekuxhaseni umntwana wakho nasekuqiniseni amandla akhe.
Wonke umntwana one-autism wahlukile, ngoko endaweni yokubathelekisa nabanye abantwana, qonda iimfuno zomntwana wakho ezikhethekileyo.
Ukufumanisa isifo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka nokubonelela ngenkxaso efunekayo kunye nonyango kubaluleke kakhulu kwikamva lomntwana.
Qaphela, uxabise, kwaye ukhuthaze iziphiwo kunye namandla omntwana wakho akhethekileyo, kunye nemingeni ajongene nayo.
Awuwedwa. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, imibuzo, okanye iinkxalabo, thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho wezingane (ugqirha).
I-Autism, i-Autism, i-Autism Spectrum Disorder, i-ASD, i-Autism ebantwaneni, iimpawu ze-Autism, impilo yengqondo yomntwana
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Ngaba i-autism ifunyanwa njengelifa?
Ewe, inokuba njalo. Kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi "kwemfuza" kunye "nelifa."
Ngaba kukho uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-autism?
Akukho nto ifana novavanyo lwegazi okanye uvavanyo lomchamo. I-Autism ifunyaniswa yingcali eqeqeshiweyo ejonga umntwana kwaye ifumana ulwazi kubazali. Iindlela zovavanyo ezisemgangathweni ezifana ne-"Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)" zingasetyenziswa koku. Nangona uvavanyo lwe-genetic lunokwenziwa, aluyifumani i-autism. Ingachonga kuphela izinto ze-genetic ezinokubangela utshintsho kwingqondo yomntwana.
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.
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