Funda nge-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, isifo segazi esitshabalalisa igazi emzimbeni wakho.

Ngaba nawe uziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha? Ngaba uba nesiyezi nasemva kokuhamba okwethutyana? Ngaba ulusu lwakho ngamanye amaxesha luyatshintsha umbala luze lubonakale lutyheli? Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu ze-anemia eqhelekileyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kukho ibali eliyinkimbinkimbi emva kwayo. Yimeko engaqhelekanga apho inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wakho iqala imfazwe nxamnye neeseli zakho zegazi. Yiloo nto sithetha ngayo namhlanje.

Yintoni i-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)?

Ngamafutshane, i-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) yimeko apho amajoni omzimba wethu ahlasela aze atshabalalise iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni ngempazamo.

Cinga nje, iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi ziimoto ezincinci ezithwala ioksijini emzimbeni wonke. Zenziwa kumzi-mveliso obizwa ngokuba yi-bone marrow ngaphakathi emathanjeni ethu. Ngokomyinge, iseli ebomvu yegazi iphila malunga neentsuku ezili-120.

Kodwa kumntu one-AIHA, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, efana nenkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba, ibona ezi seli zibomvu zegazi njengeeseli zotshaba. Emva koko, ezi nkqubo zokuzikhusela, oko kukuthi, ii-antibodies, zibamba kwaye zitshabalalise ezi seli zibomvu zegazi. Isantya sale ntshabalalo sikhawuleza kakhulu kunokuba umongo wethambo unokwenza iiseli ezintsha ezibomvu zegazi. Ngamanye amaxesha, iseli ekufanele ukuba iphile iintsuku ezili-120 iyatshatyalaliswa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa nje. Ngoko ke, umzimba awufumani umlinganiselo ofunekayo weoksijini kwaye iimpawu ezifana nokudinwa nobuthathaka ziqala ukubonakala.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-AIHA?

I-AIHA yahlulwe kakhulu yaba ziintlobo ezimbini, kuxhomekeke kwindlela umzimba osabela ngayo kubushushu.

• I-Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Kule meko, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela itshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kubushushu bomzimba obuqhelekileyo okanye ngaphezulu kobushushu obuqhelekileyo. Oku kubangelwa luhlobo oluthile lwe-antibody ebizwa ngokuba yi-IgG.
• I-Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (Isifo seCold Agglutinin - CAD): Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga kakhulu. Kule meko, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziyatshatyalaliswa xa umzimba uchaphazeleka yingqele. Ngokwesiqhelo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi njenge-3-4 degrees Celsius. Oku kubangelwa luhlobo lwe-antibody ebizwa ngokuba yi-IgM.

Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?

Iimpawu ezininzi ze-AIHA zifana nezo ze-anemia eqhelekileyo. Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo kwaphela iimpawu.

Yintoni ebangela i-AIHA?

Ngamanye amaxesha akukho sizathu sithile sifumanekayo. Le yi-Primary AIHA. Kodwa amaxesha amaninzi inokubangelwa yenye imeko yezonyango okanye amayeza (Secondary AIHA).

Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili:

• Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba: Abantu abanezinye izifo ezibangelwa kukuzimela komzimba, ezifana ne-lupus, basengozini yokuba ne-AIHA.
• Iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza: ingakumbi umhlaza onxulumene negazi ofana ne (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia) kunye ne (Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma) .
• Usulelo olubangelwa ziintsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya: Usulelo olufana ne -Epstein-Barr virus (intsholongwane ebangela i-mononucleosis, efana nomkhuhlane), i-Cytomegalovirus , i-HIV , kunye ne -Mycoplasma pneumoniae .
• Amayeza athile: Amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane (umz., i-penicillin) kunye namanye amayeza nawo anokubangela esi sifo. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo.

Uyazi njani ukuba une-AIHA?

Ukuba unale mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho . Uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, amayeza owasebenzisayo, aze akuhlole. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, baza kukuthumela kwi-hematologist.

Uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi lwenziwa ikakhulu ukuqinisekisa i-AIHA.

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Oku kuhlola inani leeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelet. Inani eliphantsi leeseli ezibomvu zegazi luphawu lwe-anemia.
• I-Peripheral Smear: Isampuli yegazi ihlolwa phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonwe imilo yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye nokuba zonakele na.
• Inani leeReticulocyte: Oku kulinganisa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingavuthwanga eziveliswa ngumongo wethambo. Ukuba eli nani liphezulu, kuthetha ukuba umongo wethambo usebenza nzima kakhulu ukwenza iiseli ezintsha ezithatha indawo yezo zitshatyalaliswayo.
• Uvavanyo lukaCoombs: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo lokufumanisa i-AIHA. Lunokumisela ukuba umzimba wakho uvelisa ii-antibodies ezichasene neeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• Ezinye iimvavanyo: Ukongeza, iimvavanyo ezifana neBilirubin kunye neHaptoglobin nazo zinokwenziwa.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-AIHA?

Ukuba imeko yakho ayinzima kangako, usenokungadingi unyango. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uhlale uphantsi kweliso likagqirha. Ukuba kukho iimpawu okanye ukuba i-anemia inzima kakhulu, unyango luya kuqaliswa.

• IiSteroids: IiSteroids, ezifana ne-prednisolone, zezona zonyango zokuqala. Ezi zithintela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela esebenza kakhulu kwaye ziyeke ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• Amanye amayeza alawula inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela (Immunosuppressants): Ukuba isifo asiphenduli kwii-steroids, kusetyenziswa amayeza afana neRituximab kunye neAzathioprine.
• Utyando lwe-Splenectomy: Kwimeko apho amayeza engasebenzi kakuhle, ingakumbi kwi-AIHA efudumeleyo, i-spleen, eyindawo apho uninzi lweeseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshatyalaliswa khona, isuswa ngotyando.
• Utofelo-gazi: Ukuba i-anemia imbi kakhulu kwaye isongela ubomi, kunokufuneka utofelo-gazi.
• Iivithamini kunye nezongezo zesondlo: Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa izinto ezifana ne-folic acid, efunekayo ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ungaze uthathe naziphi na iivithamini ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho.

Ingcebiso ekhethekileyo kwabo baneCold AIHA

Ukuba unohlobo oluthintela umkhuhlane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzikhusela kumkhuhlane .

• Nxiba iiglavu xa ukhupha izinto efrijini okanye efrijini.
• Xa uphuma ngeentsuku ezibandayo, nxiba kakuhle, unxibe umnqwazi, kunye ne-muffler.
• Musa ukwehlisa i-AC kakhulu ekhaya.
• Ngaphambi kokuba ungene emotweni ngemini ebandayo, yiqalise okwethutyana uze uvumele ingaphakathi lemoto lifudumale.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ukuba azinyangwa?

Ukuba i-AIHA ayilawulwa, iingxaki ezinkulu zinokwenzeka.

• Amahlwili egazi: Kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuqhekeka kwegazi, ingakumbi emilenzeni nasemiphungeni. Ukuqhekeka kwegazi emiphungeni (i-Pulmonary Embolism) kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
• Isifo sentliziyo: I-anemia yexesha elide inokuyenza buthathaka intliziyo njengoko intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima.
• Ukonakala kwezintso: Ukonakala kakhulu kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunokubangela umonakalo kwizintso.