Ukuba ugqirha wakho uthi kwi-X-ray okanye kwi-CT scan yakho "uneqhubu/ithumba elincinci emphungeni wakho," kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva uloyiko noloyiko ngequbuliso. Xa sisiva igama elithi "ithumba," iingqondo zethu zikhawuleza ziye kwimeko eyoyikekayo yomhlaza. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba woyike ngokwenene, kufuneka uqonde oku: Ayizizo zonke iithumba ezibangela umhlaza. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngeethumba ezingezizo umhlaza, ezingezizo eziyingozi ezenzeka emiphungeni.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi zifo zemiphunga ezingezizo ezomhlaza?
"Ithumba" yingqokelela yeeseli ezakheka kwindawo enye ngenxa yokungaqheleki kwenkqubo yokwahlukana kweeseli emzimbeni wethu. Ezi thumba zinokuvela xa iiseli ezindala zingafi njengoko kufuneka ziqhele ukwenza, okanye xa iiseli zahlukana ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zinokuvela kwizicubu zemiphunga okanye kwiindlela zomoya ezithwala umoya ukuya emiphungeni.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeethumba zemiphunga:
1. Iintsholongwane Ezinobungozi: Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba yiCancer. Ezi zinokusasazeka ziye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
2. IiTumors ezingengomhlaza: Ezi azinazo iintsholongwane. Azisasabalali kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Ezi zezona zihloko sithetha ngazo namhlanje.
Ukuba ugqirha uthi kuwe, "Iqhuma elisemphungeni wakho alibonakali njengomhlaza, alinabungozi" (lingenobungozi), kuthetha ukuthini oko? Makhe sijonge umahluko ophambili phakathi kweqhuma elinomhlaza kunye neqhuma elingelona umhlaza.
| Uphawu | Iithumba ezingeyongozi | Iithumba Ezinobungozi |
|---|---|---|
| Ukukhula | Ikhula kancinci kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha ukukhula kunokuyeka okanye kunciphe. | Ikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. |
| Usasazeko | Ayisasazeki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. | Ingasasazeka iye kwamanye amalungu omzimba ngegazi okanye inkqubo ye-lymphatic. |
| Ingaba isongela ubomi? | Uninzi lwexesha, akukho bungozi ebomini. | Ukuba ayinyangwa, inokuba yingozi ebomini. |
| Ukususwa | Ngokwesiqhelo, akufuneki ukuba isuswe ngotyando. Ugqirha uya kuyijonga. | Idla ngokufuna ukususwa okanye ukulawulwa ngotyando, unyango ngemitha, okanye olunye unyango. |
Ngaba kukho iintlobo zeethumba zemiphunga ezingezizo ezomhlaza?
Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeethumba ezingezizo ezomhlaza. Ngokwesiqhelo, iithumba ezincinci kuneesentimitha ezi-3 (malunga ne-1.2 intshi) zibizwa ngokuba "zii-nodules." Ezo zikhulu kunezo zibizwa ngokuba "zii-mass." Iqhuma elinje elenzeka emiphungeni libizwa ngokuba "yi-pulmonary nodule."
Nazi ezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili:
IiHamartomas
Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwethumba lemiphunga elingengomhlaza. Zenziwe zizicubu eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-cartilage, amafutha, kunye nemisipha. Kodwa izicubu zidibene ngendlela engaqhelekanga nengaqhelekanga. Kwi-X-ray, zinokubonakala njengengqekembe engqukuva. Ngamanye amaxesha zinokubonakala njengebhola ye-popcorn. Ngokwesiqhelo azilimazi ezinye izicubu.
I-Bronchial Adenomas
Ezi zezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo. Zikhula kwimibhobho yomoya ephambili (i-bronchi) ethwala umoya ukuya emiphungeni nakwi-mucous glands.
Iipapillomas
Ezi azixhaphakanga kangako. Zibonakala ngathi zikhula zisuka eludongeni lwangaphakathi lweendlela zomoya. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zezi:
- IiSquamous Papillomas: Ezi zinokwenzeka kubantwana nakubantu abadala. Zibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Human Papillomavirus - HPV". Le ntsholongwane ikwabangela iintsumpa kunye nezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo. Ezi ntlobo zeethumba ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ngumhlaza .
- Ii-Glandular Papillomas: Ezi azixhaphakanga kangako. Zenzeka kwimibhobho emikhulu yendlela yokuphefumla. Isizathu esichanekileyo asikaziwa.
- IiPapillomas ezixutyiweyo: Lo ngumxube weentlobo ezimbini ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Ezi azinakuguquka zibe ngumhlaza.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, akufanele uzenzele zonke ezi zigqibo wedwa. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwalo kwaye nokuba luyingozi okanye akunjalo, ngokusekwe kwimilo, ubungakanani, kunye nezinye iimpawu ze-CT scan.
Kutheni iithumba zifana nolu hlobo? Zithini iimpawu?
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba abantu abangaphezu kwama-90% abanazo iimpawu . Uninzi lwazo lufunyanwa ngengozi. Oogqirha bazibona kuphela xa besenza i-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan ngesinye isizathu.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, umntu unokuba neempawu. Ukuba kunjalo, zingabandakanya:
- Ukukhwehlela okuncinci obekukho ixesha elide
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla)
- Nakuphi na ukungakhululeki okanye intlungu esifubeni
- Ukuphefumla
- Ukukhohlela igazi elincinci (i-hemoptysis)
Zithini izizathu zokuba oku kwenzeke?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezinokubangela amaqhuqhuva emiphungeni angengomhlaza.
- Izifo: Izifo ezibangelwa ziibhaktheriya ezifana nesifo sephepha (TB) okanye ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yifungus zinokubangela ukudumba emiphungeni, kwaye amaqhuma amancinci (iigranuloma) anokwakheka kwezo ndawo.
- Ukudumba: Ukudumba okubangelwa zizifo zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis, nako kunokubangela oku.
- Iimeko zokuzalwa: Ngamanye amaxesha amaqhuqhuva amancinci okanye amanxeba akhoyo emiphungeni ekuzalweni anokubonakala kamva njengamaqhuqhuva anje.
- Ezinye izizathu: Kwezinye iimeko, akukho sizathu sithile sinokufunyanwa.
Ugqirha wazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba lo asingomhlaza?
Ugqirha wakho uza kusebenzisa izinto ezininzi ukufumanisa ukuba eli qhuma linomhlaza okanye akunjalo.
1. Ubungakanani kunye nesantya sokukhula kweqhina:
- Okukhona iqhuma lincinci , kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba lingabi ngumhlaza.
- Iithumba ezingezizo umhlaza zikhula kancinci kakhulu kwaye zisenokungabi nkulu kangangeminyaka.
- Iithumba ezinomhlaza zihlala ziphindaphinda ubukhulu bazo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, ngoko ugqirha uya kwenza olunye uvavanyo lwe-CT emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa ukuze abone ukuba ithumba likhule kangakanani na.
2. Imilo kunye nomxholo weqhina:
- Iithumba ezingezizo umhlaza zihlala zinomphezulu ogudileyo kwaye zimile ngendlela ecacileyo nengqukuva .
- Iithumba ezinomhlaza zisenokuba zingaqhelekanga kwaye zibe nomphezulu orhabaxa.
- Ukuba kukho i-calcium kwithumba kwi-CT scan, iya kubonakala imhlophe. Ukuba kukho i-calcium, kusenokwenzeka ukuba yithumba elingenabungozi, elingenamhlaza elibe likho ixesha elide.
Nangona ezi mpawu zinokufunyaniswa kwi-99% yexesha, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ukuba kukho amathandabuzo, ugqirha unokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-"Biopsy".
Yintoni uvavanyo lwe-biopsy?
I-biopsy yinkqubo apho kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicubu kwiqhuma elirhanelekayo lize lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonwe ukuba liqulathe uhlobo luni lweeseli. Zininzi iindlela zokwenza oku. Enye indlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-bronchoscopy. Oku kubandakanya ukufaka ityhubhu encinci (enekhamera) ezantsi emqaleni, emaphaphu, kunye nokuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu apho iqhuma likhona. Uza kufakwa i-anesthesia ngexesha lale nkqubo, ngoko awuyi kuva ntlungu.
Inyangwa njani? Ngaba ezi thumba kufuneka zisuswe?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, iithumba zemiphunga ezingezizo ezomhlaza azidingi naluphi na unyango . Eyona nto ingcono ugqirha wakho anokuyenza kukulandela indlela "yokulinda nokulinda".
Oku kuthetha ukuba uza kucelwa ukuba wenze i-CT scan rhoqo (njengeenyanga ezi-6 okanye unyaka) ukuze kubonwe ukuba ubungakanani okanye imilo yethumba itshintshile na. Ukuba akukho tshintsho, akukho nto inokubangela ixhala ngayo.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezilandelayo, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kususwe iqhuma nge-biopsy okanye ngotyando:
- Ukuba utshaya okanye usengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla .
- Ukuba ithumba liyaqhubeka likhula ngobukhulu kwiiskeni ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Ukuba iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba kukho ithuba lokuba umhlaza unokuba ngumhlaza.
Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha wakho?
Kuqhelekile ukuba nemibuzo emininzi xa ufumanisa ngemeko efana nale. Musa ukoyika okanye ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo.
- "Ugqirha wazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ndinethumba emphungeni wam?"
- "Uqinisekile ukuba lo asingomhlaza, awuyongozi?"
- "Luhlobo luni lwethumba endinalo?"
- "Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze ezinye iimvavanyo?"
- "Ngaba ndifuna unyango? Okanye sifanele silujonge olu hlobo?"
- "Ndiza kubuya nini ukuze ndifumane uvavanyo?"
- "Ndingabonana nogqirha weemiphunga?"
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Musa ukoyika xa usiva amagama athi "lung tumor" okanye "lump." Uninzi lwala maqhuqhuva abonwa kwi-X-ray okanye kwi-CT scans awangomhlaza kwaye akanabungozi .
- Abantu abaninzi abanazo iimpawu zezi meko. Zifunyanwa ngengozi.
- Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nesantya sokukhula kwethumba ukuze abone ukuba liyingozi okanye akunjalo.
- Amaxesha amaninzi, akukho nyango lufunekayo. Okufunekayo kukuskena rhoqo kunye nokujonga .
- Ukuba uyatshaya, eli lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuyeka . Ukutshaya yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umhlaza wemiphunga.
- Ukuba ufumanisa iimpawu ezintsha ezifana nokukhwehlela, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye iintlungu zesifuba, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
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