Ngaba unengxaki yokuphefumla okanye imeko efana ne-asthma? Ngaba wakha wajonga igama le-inhaler oyisebenzisayo? Ugqirha wakho usenokuba ukunike iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-"beta-agonist." Kuthetha ukuthini oku ngokwenene? Igama lisenokuvakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngalo ngendlela elula kakhulu onokuyiqonda.
Kalula nje, yintoni le beta-agonist?
Ii-beta-agonists luhlobo lwamayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu ekunyangeni izifo zemiphunga. Ukuze uqonde indlela ezisebenza ngayo, kufuneka uqonde "ii-switches" ezincinci emizimbeni yethu. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba zii-beta-receptors . Zicinge njengeengcango ezincinci kwiiseli zethu. I-beta-agonist sisitshixo esivula ezi ngcango.
Xa eli yeza (isitshixo) lisiya lize libotshelelwe kuloo receptor (umnyango), loo seli ifumana "umqondiso" wokwenza into ethile. Lo mqondiso ubangela ukuba izihlunu ezikwizitho ezifana nemiphunga yethu nentliziyo ziphumle. Xa izihlunu ezikwimiphunga ziphumla, iindlela zomoya ezinciphileyo ziyanda, nto leyo eyenza kube lula kuwe ukuphefumla. Kwakhona, ezinye iintlobo ze-beta-agonists zinokunyusa izinga lentliziyo yethu kwaye zonyuse ukusebenza kakuhle kwentliziyo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-beta-agonists?
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zee-beta-receptors emzimbeni wethu: i-beta-1, i-beta-2, kunye ne-beta-3. Ngoko ke la mayeza enzelwe ukujolisa kwezo receptors.
Ii-agonists zeBeta-1
Ezi zijolise ikakhulu kwii-receptor ze-beta-1 ezintliziyweni zethu. Xa ezi ziyobisi zinikwa, intliziyo iqala ukubetha ngokukhawuleza kwaye iqalise ukupompa igazi ngamandla angakumbi. Ezi zihlala zisetyenziswa ngoogqirha kwizibhedlele kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
Ii-agonists zeBeta-2
Olu lolona hlobo lwe-beta-agonist olusetyenziswa kakhulu. I-asthma inhaler oyisebenzisayo mhlawumbi yenye yezi ntlobo zamayeza. La mayeza ajolise kwi-beta-2 receptors emiphungeni . Xa la mayeza ephefumlwa nge-inhaler, akhulula izihlunu ezijikeleze iindlela zomoya emiphungeni, azenze zibe banzi. Yiyo loo nto zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-bronchodilators .
Olu hlobo lwe-beta-2 agonist nalo lwahlulwe lwaba ngamaqela amabini:
- Ii-beta-agonists ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza (SABA): Ezi zezona unazo "kwii-inhaler zakho zokuhlangula." Khawuthelekelele ukuba uhlaselwe sisifo sesifuba ngequbuliso kwaye uphelelwa ngumphefumlo. Xa usebenzisa le inhaler, ikhawuleza ivule indlela yakho yomoya kwaye yenze kube lula ukuphefumla kwimizuzu embalwa.
- Ii-beta-agonists ezisebenza ixesha elide (i-LABA):Ezi zisetyenziswa yonke imihla ukulawula iimpawu. Oogqirha bacebisa ezi zinto kubantu abanezifo ezifana neCOPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) okanye abo bahlaselwa yi-asthma rhoqo. Iziphumo zezi zinto zihlala iiyure ezininzi.
Ii-agonists zeBeta-3
Olu hlobo lwamayeza lulutsha. Ii-beta-3 agonists ezikhoyo zisetyenziselwa ukuthomalalisa izihlunu zesinyi . Oku kunyango lwemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"overactive bladder," apho kufuneka uchame rhoqo. Zonyusa amandla esinyi kwaye zilawule umnqweno wokuchama.
Iimeko eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa i-beta-agonists
Njengoko besixoxile ngaphambili, iimeko apho kusetyenziswa khona ii-beta-agonists ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-beta-agonist.
- Izifo zokuphefumla: Ii-agonists ze-Beta-2 (ingakumbi ii-inhalers) zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukunyanga izifo ezifana ne -asthma kunye ne-COPD .
- Iingxamiseko zonyango: Ii-agonists zeBeta-1 zisetyenziswa ezibhedlele ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwentliziyo kwiimeko ezifana ne-allergies ezinzima (i-anaphylaxis) kunye ne-cardiogenic shock.
- Isifo sentliziyo: Ezi zingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye izifo zentliziyo.
- Iingxaki zesinyi: Ii-agonists zeBeta-3 zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga isinyi esisebenza kakhulu.
- Amanqanaba aphezulu e-potassium egazini (i-Hyperkalemia): Kwezinye iimeko, i-beta-2 agonist ikwasetyenziswa ukulawula amanqanaba aphezulu e-potassium egazini ayingozi.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba akufuneki usebenzise naliphi na kula mayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokumisela amayeza afanelekileyo, idosi, kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa.
| Uhlobo lwe-Beta-agonist | Imizekelo (amagama amayeza) | Isetyenziswa kakhulu |
|---|---|---|
| I-agonist ye-beta-2 esebenza ngokukhawuleza (SABA) | I-Albuterol, iSalbutamol, iLevalbuterol | Xa kukho ubunzima bokuphefumla obubangelwa yi-asthma okanye i-COPD. |
| I-agonist ye-beta-2 esebenza ixesha elide (i-LABA) | IFormoterol, iSalmeterol, iIndacaterol | Ukulawula iimpawu ze-asthma kunye ne-COPD imihla ngemihla. |
| I-agonist ye-Beta-1 | I-Dobutamine, i-Norepinephrine (i-Noradrenaline) | Ukwandisa ukusebenza kwentliziyo kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. |
| Ii-agonists zeBeta-1 kunye neBeta-2 | I-Epinephrine (iAdrenaline), i-Isoproterenol | Kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezifana ne-aleji enzima (i-anaphylaxis). |
| I-agonist ye-Beta-3 | IMirabegron | Isinyi esisebenza kakhulu. |
Eli yeza lisebenza njani emzimbeni?
Kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda le nto. Umzimba wethu unento ebizwa ngokuba yi-"autonomic nervous system." Yile nto ilawula izinto ezingaphaya kwamandla ethu (njengokuphefumla, ukubetha kwentliziyo). Inxalenye yale nto ibizwa ngokuba yi- "sympathetic nervous system." Yile nto ebangela impendulo yomzimba wethu "yokulwa okanye ukubaleka" .
Khawuthelekelele uhamba esitalatweni uze ngequbuliso usukelwe yinja. Umzimba wakho ngequbuliso utshintsha kakhulu, akunjalo?
- Intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuphefumla kuya kukhawuleza.
- Umzimba uziva unamandla amakhulu.
Yiloo nto eyenziwa yi-"sympathetic nervous system". Amayeza e-Beta-agonist avuselela ngokwenziwa iindawo ezithile zale nkqubo, ngaphandle komngcipheko wemeko eyingozi kangaka.
- Kwimiphunga: Yandisa iindlela zomoya, inceda umzimba ukuba ufumane ioksijini engakumbi.
- Kwintliziyo: Iyandisa isantya sentliziyo kwaye ithumela igazi elineoksijini ezityebileyo kwimisipha ngokukhawuleza.
- Kwisinyi:Iyaphumza isinyi, ivumele ukuba sibambe umchamo omninzi.
Udidi lwamayeza enza okwahlukileyo koku lubizwa ngokuba yi-"beta-blockers." Avimba ezo beta-receptors (amasango) esithethe ngazo. Emva koko i-beta-agonists ayinakuzivuselela.
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho zezi mithi?
Njengalo naliphi na iyeza, i-beta-agonists inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwabanye abantu. Nangona kunjalo, xa isetyenziswa njenge-inhaler, iyeza liya ngqo emiphungeni, ngoko ke umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga uhlala uphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokufumana izinto ezifana nezi:
- Ukwanda kwesantya sentliziyo (iTachycardia)
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (i-Arrhythmia)
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
- Ukungcangcazela kwamalungu omzimba
- Ukungazoli okanye ixhala
- Ukubila
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, okanye ukuba amayeza akho abonakali engasebenzi, thetha nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko . Usenokukwazi ukulungisa umthamo wakho okanye akunike elinye iyeza.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Ukuba usebenzisa i-beta-agonist, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho kwezi meko.
- Ukuba ufumana isiphumo esingalindelekanga okanye esibi kakhulu.
- Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba unyango lwakho alusasebenzi. Umzekelo, ukuba ubukwazi ukusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho enye kuphela, kodwa ngoku kufuneka usebenzise i-inhaler ezimbini okanye ezintathu.
- Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu imihla ngemihla.
Ukuba ufumana ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla, iintlungu zesifuba, okanye imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele elikufutshane (ETU) ngoko nangoko. Ezi zisenokuba ziimpawu zemeko embi kakhulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-beta-agonists luhlobo lwamayeza anyanga izifo zokuphefumla ezifana ne-asthma kunye ne-COPD.
- Ezi zisebenza ngokwandisa iindlela zomoya emiphungeni nokwenza ukuphefumla kube lula.
- Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: esebenza ixesha elifutshane (SABA) kunye nesebenza ixesha elide (LABA). I-SABA isetyenziswa kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
- Eli yeza lifanele lisetyenziswe kuphela ngokwengcebiso kagqirha, kwaye ngokwemilinganiselo emiselweyo.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nokungcangcazela kwezandla kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza zinokubakho, kwaye ukuba zinzima okanye ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba unyango alusebenzi, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
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