Ukuba une-ADHD ( Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ), okanye ungumzali womntwana one-ADHD, usenokuba uzibuza, "Ngaba ndiya kuze ndibe likhoboka lotywala okanye iziyobisi?" Le yingxaki yokwenyani kunye noloyiko kubantu abaninzi. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokukhululekileyo ngale nto, izizathu zoku, iingcamango eziphosakeleyo malunga namayeza e-ADHD, kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela kule meko.
Ngaba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-ADHD kunye notywala/iziyobisi?
Ewe, kukho unxibelelwano. Uphando lubonise ukuba abantu abane-ADHD basengozini enkulu yokuba likhoboka lotywala okanye iziyobisi kunomntu oqhelekileyo.
Cinga ngoku: I-ADHD ixhaphake ngokuphindwe kahlanu ukuya kwelishumi kubantu abadala abanengxaki yotywala kunakuluntu ngokubanzi. Kukwafunyenwe ukuba umntu omnye kwabane (malunga nama-25%) abadala abafuna unyango lokuxhomekeka kutywala neziyobisi nabo bane-ADHD.
Le ngozi iqala besebancinci. Abantwana abane-ADHD banamathuba amaninzi okuqalisa ukusebenzisa utywala kwangethuba kunabanye abantwana, oko kuthetha ukuba besebancinci.
| Iziphumo ezivela kolu phando | Abantwana abane-ADHD | Abantwana abangenayo i-ADHD |
|---|---|---|
| Izinga lokukhotyokiswa butywala phakathi kwabantu abaneminyaka eli-15-17 ubudala | 14% | Okuncinci kakhulu |
| Ukuqala ukusebenzisa utywala malunga neminyaka eli-15 ubudala | 40% | 22% |
Ezi datha zibonisa ukuba ukuqala kokusetyenziswa kotywala kwangethuba kumntwana one-ADHD kukubonisa ngamandla ukuba umlutha wakhe uza kuba likhoboka kamva. Uphando lukwafumanise unxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu abane-ADHD nokusebenzisa kwabo intsangu nezinye iziyobisi.
Kutheni abantu abane-ADHD besengozini enkulu?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zoku.
1. Ukungxama nokwenza izigqibo ngokukhawuleza: Enye yezona mpawu ziphambili ze-ADHD kukuthambekela kokwenza izinto ngokungxama nokwenza izinto ngaphandle kokucinga ngemiphumo. Ngenxa yoku, kunokuba lula ukuguqukela kwiziyobisi okanye utywala, ucinge, "Kulungile, masizame."
2. Iingxaki zokuziphatha: Le ngozi ikwandiswa kukungazinzi, ukuphakuzela, kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha ezihambisana ne-ADHD.
3. Unxibelelwano lweGenetic: I-ADHD kunye notywala zombini zihamba kwiintsapho. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba kunokubakho ii-genes ezifanayo ezichaphazela zombini ezi meko. Umzekelo, umntwana one-ADHD onomzali onxilileyo unamathuba amaninzi okuba notywala kwixesha elizayo.
Ngaba izikhuthazi ze-ADHD zinomlutha?
Lo ngumbuzo obuzwa ngabazali abaninzi. Xa benika umntwana amayeza avuselelayo afana ne-'Ritalin' kunye ne- 'Adderall' , kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba nexhala, "Ngaba uza kuba likhoboka lala mayeza?"
Ngamafutshane, la mayeza asebenza ngokunyusa amanqanaba esithunywa sekhemikhali esibizwa ngokuba yi-dopamine engqondweni. I-Dopamine yikhemikhali esinceda sinikele ingqalelo kwaye sigxile. Abantu abane-ADHD abanazo ezi zakhono, ngoko ke la mayeza anokunceda.
Nangona kunjalo, i-dopamine ikwanxulunyaniswa neemvakalelo zolonwabo nolwaneliseko. Iziyobisi ezifana ne-cocaine nazo zibangela ukunyuka ngequbuliso kwamanqanaba e-dopamine. Yiyo loo nto kuphakama umbuzo othi "Ngaba amayeza e-ADHD ayakhobokisa?".
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umngcipheko wokulutha kula mayeza uphantsi kakhulu xa uthathwa ngomlinganiselo omiselwe ngugqirha, ngexesha elifanelekileyo, nangendlela emiselweyo .
Ingxaki ivela xa la mayeza esetyenziswa gwenxa. Abanye abantu bawasebenzisa ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha, bawatyumze iipilisi baze bazikrwitshe, okanye bawanyibilikise emanzini baze bawafake emzimbeni. Xa esetyenziswa ngeedosi eziphezulu kwaye ngendlela engafanelekanga, anokuba ngumlutha, njengecocaine.
Kodwa idosi enikwa ngugqirha idla ngokuba sezantsi kwaye isebenza kancinci. Umzekelo, ngelixa i-cocaine inyusa amanqanaba e-dopamine ngemizuzwana, kuthatha malunga neyure ukuba iRitalin ifikelele kwinqanaba elifanayo. Eli nyathelo licothayo linciphisa umngcipheko wokulutha.
Ngaba amayeza e-ADHD angakhokelela ekubeni umlutha kwezinye iziyobisi?
Olu lolunye uloyiko olukhulu abantu abaninzi abanalo. Bayazibuza, "Ngaba baza kuqhelana nale ziyobisi baze basebenzise ezinye iziyobisi?"
Nangona kunjalo, uphando olude ngalo mba lubonisa ukuba akukho nxibelelwano lunamandla kangako . Uphononongo olwenziwe kwiminyaka eli-10 kwiqela labafana abane-ADHD lubonise ukuba akukho mahluko mkhulu kumngcipheko wokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kamva phakathi kwabantwana abathatha amayeza avuselelayo kunye nabo bangazange bawathathe.
Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba kungcono nangakumbi. Oko kukuthi, ukunyanga i-ADHD ngokufanelekileyo kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kwixesha elizayo . Kuba xa iimpawu ze-ADHD (ukungxama, ukungazinzi) zilawulwa ngamayeza, izizathu eziphambili zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi ziyasuswa. Ke ngoko, ukuchonga i-ADHD kunye nokuqala unyango kwangethuba kunokunciphisa umngcipheko kwixesha elizayo.
Masifunde nangokuzinyanga.
Ukuzinyanga ngokwakho kukusebenzisa utywala, iziyobisi, ikofu egqithisileyo, kunye neecuba ukulawula iimpawu zomntu ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Oku kuqhelekile kubantu abane-ADHD.
Utywala
Abanye abantu babhenela etywaleni ukuze banciphise uxinzelelo, ukungakhululeki ekuhlaleni, kunye neengxaki zemfundo ezibangelwa yi-ADHD. Nangona kunokuvakala ngathi kukhululeka kancinci ngelo xesha, utywala buyenza ibe mandundu iimpawu ze-ADHD .
Iziyobisi Ezingekho Mthethweni
Nangona abanye abantu bekholelwa ukuba i-cannabis inokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu ze-ADHD, uphando lubonise ukuba okuchaseneyo noko kuyinyani. I-cannabis inokwenza iingxaki zibe mandundu ngakumbi ngokunika ingqalelo, ukugxila, kunye nokulungelelanisa . Yiyo loo nto oogqirha becebisa ukuba bangasebenzisi i-cannabis okanye naliphi na elinye iyeza njengonyango lwe-ADHD.
Ikofu (iCaffeine)
Nangona ikofu isenokubonakala ikunika amandla okucinga, ayisebenzi kangako njengamayeza e-ADHD. Kwakhona, i-caffeine eninzi inokuphazamisa inkumbulo . I-caffeine ayikhuthazwa kubantwana nakubantu abadala abancinci, kuba inokuphazamisa ubuthongo kwaye ichaphazele nophuhliso lomzimba.
Iicuba
Nangona usenokucinga ukuba ukutshaya icuba kuya kukuthomalalisa, kodwa okuchaseneyo noko kuyinyani. Ukutshaya kunokunyusa ixhala, kwenze kube nzima ukulawula iimpawu ze-ADHD . Kungenza kube nzima nokuhlala ugxile xa uzama ukuyeka ukutshaya.
Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uzinyanga ngale ndlela, oko kukuthi, uphendukela kwizinto ezifana notywala okanye icuba ukuze unciphise iimpawu ze-ADHD, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo loo nto . Kusenokufuneka utshintshe umthamo wamayeza akho okanye utshintshele kunyango olwahlukileyo.
Indlela yokunyanga i-ADHD kunye nokulutha kweziyobisi?
Ukuba umntu one-ADHD naye unengxaki yotywala okanye iziyobisi, unyango lunzima ngakumbi. Apha, zombini ezi meko kufuneka zinyangwe ngaxeshanye.
Oogqirha badla ngokunika amayeza angavuseleliyo kwezi meko. Umzekelo, amayeza anje nge-'atomoxetine (Strattera)' kunye ne-'viloxazine (Qelbree)'. Ngamanye amaxesha, amayeza okudambisa uxinzelelo anje nge-'bupropion (Wellbutrin)' nawo ayasetyenziswa.
Ukongeza, unyango lomntu ngamnye okanye lweqela kunye namaqela enkxaso yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yale nkqubo yonyango.
Ukusebenzisa amayeza gwenxa kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi, efana nokuxhuzula, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, okanye isifo sohlangothi. Ngoko ke, thatha kuphela idosi emiselweyo yamayeza njengoko imiselwe ngugqirha .
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Asinguye wonke umntu one-ADHD odla ngokuba likhoboka lotywala okanye iziyobisi, kodwa umngcipheko uphezulu kunalowo ufunyanwa luluntu ngokubanzi.
- Ukusela amayeza e-ADHD kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho emyalele kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokusebenzisa amayeza kwixesha elizayo.
- Umngcipheko wokuxhomekeka kumayeza avuselelayo e-ADHD uphantsi kakhulu xa uthathwa njengoko ugqirha emyalele.
- Ukuzinyanga ngezinto ezinje ngotywala, icuba, kunye nentsangu ukuzama ukulawula iimpawu ze-ADHD kuyenza imeko ibe mandundu ngakumbi.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninenkxalabo okanye uloyiko malunga noku, ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo yeyona nto ingcono onokuyenza.
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