Xa ugqirha ekuxelela wena okanye umntwana wakho ukuba "unomngxuma entliziyweni," usenokuziva usoyika kakhulu. Kuqhelekile ukuba imibuzo efana nale ithi "Ndenze ntoni ngoku? Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndityandwe kakhulu?" ifike engqondweni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje, isayensi yezonyango ihambele phambili kakhulu. Endaweni yokuba kufuneke uvule isifuba njengangaphambili, kunokwenzeka ukuvala loo mngxuma ngendlela elula kakhulu. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo esisetyenziselwa oku, isixhobo sokuvalela intliziyo.
Yintoni le "mngxuma entliziyweni"? (ASD kunye nePFO)
Ngamafutshane, intliziyo yethu ineegumbi ezine eziphambili. Amagumbi amabini aphezulu abizwa ngokuba yi-atria. Kukho inxalenye efana nodonga phakathi kwezi atria zimbini zasekunene nezasekhohlo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-intertrial septum. Kungenxa yomngxuma kolu donga esidla ngokuwubiza ngokuba "ngumngxuma entliziyweni."
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezi meko:
1. I-Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): Esi sisixhobo "esingaphakathi kwentliziyo." Kukho umngxuma kolu donga xa umntwana ezalwa. Igazi lihamba lisiya phambili nangasemva phakathi kwamagumbi amabini entliziyo ngalo mngxuma.
2. I-Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO): Lo asingomngxuma wokwenene njenge-ASD. Cinga ngako, xa sisesibelekweni sikamama, kukho umngxuma omncinci eludongeni phakathi kwezi atria. Kubalulekile ngelo xesha. Emva kokuba sizelwe, lo mngxuma uzivalela ngokwawo. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, awuvali kakuhle. Uhlala ufana neflephu encinci. Yiloo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-PFO.
Le mingxuma ngamanye amaxesha iyazivala yodwa, okanye inokuba ncinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba ihlale ngaphandle kweengxaki. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokufuna ukuba le mingxuma ivalwe ukuba bafumana iimpawu ezinje ngobunzima bokuphefumla, ukudinwa rhoqo, okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga .
Kutheni kufuneka uvale lo mngxuma?
Ukuze uqonde oku, kufuneka wazi kancinci ngendlela intliziyo esebenza ngayo. Icala lasekhohlo lentliziyo yethu liphethe igazi "elilungileyo" eligcwele ioksijini kwaye kufuneka lithunyelwe emzimbeni. Icala lasekunene liphethe igazi "elibi" elinomoya ophantsi kwaye kufuneka licocwe emzimbeni.
Khawucinge nje ukuba bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba bekukho umngxuma phakathi kwala macala mabini? Ewe, igazi elithile elineoksijini kunye negazi elithile elingenaoksijini ziya kudibana. Emva koko iiseli emzimbeni wethu aziyi kufumana umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo weoksijini. Yiyo loo nto sidinwa kwaye sinengxaki yokuphefumla.
Ingakumbi kubantu abanesimo se-PFO, ngamanye amaxesha amahlwili egazi amancinci ayenzeka emzimbeni anokudlula kulo mngxuma aze abhajwe emthanjeni wegazi engqondweni, nto leyo ebangela imeko eyingozi efana nestroke. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwuvala lo mngxuma ukuze uthintelwe.
Uyifaka njani le sixhobo entliziyweni?
Ngaphambili, oku kwakunokwenziwa kuphela ngotyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo, olubandakanya ukuvula isifuba. Kodwa akusekho njalo. Namhlanje, ngaphezulu kwama-80% e-ASD avaliwe kusetyenziswa inkqubo elula ebizwa ngokuba yi-cardiac catheterization.
Indlela okwenziwa ngayo oku iyamangalisa kakhulu.
- Okokuqala, kufakwa umbhobho omncinci (i-catheter) kumthambo omkhulu wegazi emlenzeni wakho, kufutshane ne-groin yakho.
- Emva koko, esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-X-reyi, ugqirha ukhokela ngononophelo ityhubhu ekufutshane nomngxuma osentliziyweni.
- Isixhobo sokuvala sithwalwa ngaphakathi kweli tyhubhu. Esi sixhobo sifana neeambrela ezimbini ezincinci ezidityaniswe kunye.
- Xa usondela emngxunyeni, kwangoko nje ukuba uwukhuphe kwityhubhu, elinye icala lesi sixhobo liyavuleka kwelinye icala lomngxunya, kwaye elinye icala kwelinye icala, liwuvala ngokupheleleyo umngxunya njengeqhosha.
Ezi zixhobo ziza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiimilimitha ezi-4 ukuya kwezingama-40. Ugqirha wakho uza kukhetha isixhobo esifanelana kakuhle nobukhulu bomngxuma osentliziyweni yakho.
Iingenelo kunye nemiphumo emibi enokubakho yale ndlela
Njengakwezinye iindlela zonyango, kukho iingenelo kunye neengozi ezincinci kakhulu.
| Iingenelo | Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho |
|---|---|
| Izinga lempumelelo liphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwama-93%). | Amahlwili egazi. |
| Iintlungu nokungonwabi okuncinci kunotyando oluvulekileyo. | Izingqisho zentliziyo ezingaqhelekanga. |
| Ixesha lokuhlala esibhedlele lifutshane (ngesiqhelo ubusuku obunye). | Ukususa isixhobo kwindawo yaso. |
| Ungachacha ngokukhawuleza. | Ukonakala kodonga lwentliziyo (Ukubola kwesixhobo) - Oku kunqabile kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-0.3%). |
| Isebenza ngcono kuneyeza ekuthinteleni isifo sohlangothi kwimeko ye-PFO. | Ukopha kancinci kwisixhobo (kudla ngokuyeka kunyaka wokuqala). |
Wenza ntoni ukuthintela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?
Oogqirha benza izinto ezahlukeneyo ukunciphisa ezi ngozi.
- Thintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi: Uza kunikwa amayeza okuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi kwiinyanga ezi-6 zokuqala emva kokuba isixhobo sifakiwe.
- Ukuthintela isixhobo ukuba singaphazamisani nezinye iindlela zonyango: Ezi zixhobo zintsha zenzelwe ukuba ukuba kufuneka olunye unyango lwentliziyo kwixesha elizayo, i-catheter inokudluliselwa kweso sixhobo.
- Ukukhetha ubungakanani obufanelekileyo: Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukubola kodonga lwentliziyo kukukhetha ubungakanani obufanelekileyo besixhobo kumguli ngamnye.
Izinto onokuzenza ukuze ukhuseleke
Ukuze uzikhusele kwi-endocarditis, usulelo olunokwenzeka, ingakumbi ngexesha lonyango lwamazinyo, kufuneka uzinyamekele ezi zinto kwiinyanga ezi-6 zokuqala.
- Xelela ugqirha ngamnye kunye nogqirha wamazinyo ombonayo ukuba unaso esi sixhobo. Kungcono ukuphatha ikhadi elinolwazi.
- Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zosulelo ezifana nomkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, okanye umphimbo obuhlungu, tsalela umnxeba ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Lumka kakuhle amazinyo akho kunye nempilo yeentsini. Hlamba amazinyo akho yonke imihla kwaye ubone ugqirha wamazinyo rhoqo.
- Ngaphambi kokuba wenze nantoni na enokubangela ukopha, njengokukhupha izinyo okanye ukucoca izinyo, cela ugqirha wakho akuqinisekise ukuba kufuneka uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphilisa nezinye iinyaniso
Ngale ndlela yokufaka i-catheter, kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ubusuku obunye kuphela emva kokuba isixhobo sifakiwe. Emva koko, kuya kufuneka uphephe imisebenzi enzima kangangeeveki ezimbini. Kodwa ungabuyela kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo ngosuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Ixesha lokuchacha lifutshane kakhulu kunelo lotyando oluvulekileyo.
Esi sixhobo senziwe ngokuncamathisela ilaphu le-polyester kwisakhelo sentambo esenziwe nge-nickel-titanium alloy (Nitinol). Ekuhambeni kwexesha, izicwili zomzimba wethu ziyakhula zijikeleze esi sixhobo, zibe yinxalenye yentliziyo ngokwayo.
Abanye abantu basenokungakwazi ukwenza le ndlela ye-catheter. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka utyando. Kodwa ngoku kukho ubuchwepheshe bokwenza olo tyando ngomsikelo omncinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka (ongena ngaphakathi).
Kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba ungayifumana na i-MRI scan emva kokufakwa kwesi sixhobo. Ezinye izixhobo zikhuselekile kwi-MRI, kodwa kunokubakho imida ethile.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- "Umngxuma entliziyweni" akukho nto yokoyika. Ngobuchwepheshe banamhlanje, kukho unyango olusebenzayo nolukhuselekileyo loku.
- Ukuvalwa nge-catheter yindlela elula kakhulu, engebuhlungu kangako, kwaye ephilisa ngokukhawuleza kunotyando oluvulekileyo.
- Emva kokufaka isixhobo, sebenzisa iyeza lokunciphisa igazi elichazwe ngugqirha wakho kanye ngexesha elimiselweyo.
- Lumka kakhulu impilo yamazinyo akho. Thetha nogqirha wakho wentliziyo ngaphambi kokuba ufumane unyango lwamazinyo.
- Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemibuzo, iinkxalabo, okanye amathandabuzo onokuba nawo malunga noku. Kubalulekile ukuvavanywa ngokuchanekileyo nokulandela imiyalelo.
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