Sonke sivile ngestroke, akunjalo? Siyazi ukuba iyingozi kangakanani. Kodwa ungamangaliswa kukwazi ukuba unobangela oyintloko woku usentanyeni yethu. Ewe, imithambo yegazi emibini ephambili kumacala omabini entanyeni yethu ethwala igazi liye ebuchotsheni ivaliwe, nto leyo enokubangela le meko iyingozi. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Carotid Artery Stenosis', ukuncitshiswa kwemithambo yegazi entanyeni.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni isifo semithambo ye-carotid?
Cinga ngemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu njengombhobho wamanzi acocekileyo. Igazi lihamba ngalo ngaphandle kokuvaleka. Kumacala omabini entamo yethu kukho imithambo yegazi emibini ebaluleke kakhulu ebizwa ngokuba yiCarotid Arteries . Le yileyo inika ingqondo yethu, ubuso kunye nentloko igazi elinomoya-mpilo omninzi.
Ngoku, kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Carotid Artery Stenosis', ii-fatty deposits (i-plaque) ziqala ukuqokelelana ngaphakathi kwezi vessels zegazi. Le 'plaque' yiqoqo lezinto ezinamafutha ezifana ne-cholesterol. Njengokuba umhlwa uqokelelana ngaphakathi kombhobho wamanzi, ezi -'plaque' deposits zinciphisa kancinci kancinci isithuba ngaphakathi kwevessels zegazi. Oku kuncitshiswa kwevessels zegazi yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis .
Xa umthambo wegazi uvalekile ngale ndlela, umlinganiselo wegazi oya engqondweni uyancitshiswa. Kwakhona, ngamanye amaxesha iziqwenga ezincinci zaloo maleko wamafutha zinokuqhekeka zize zivale ngokupheleleyo umthambo wegazi obuthathaka engqondweni. Kulapho ke imeko eyingozi ebizwa ngokuba yi-stroke isenzeka khona. Oku kunokwenzeka kwimithambo yegazi enye okanye zombini kwicala elinye lentamo. Ukuba ayinyangwa, le meko inokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ide ibe yingozi kubomi.
Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko ezichaphazela oku?
Le meko ayisiyonto eyenzeka ngobusuku obunye. Ibangelwa yimikhwa ethile neengxaki kwindlela esiphila ngayo nakwimpilo yethu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ezinye zezi zinto singazitshintsha. Jonga ukuba ezi zinto ziyasebenza na kuwe.
| Into Engumngcipheko | Indlela echaphazela ngayo ilula. |
|---|---|
| Ukutshaya nokusebenzisa icuba | Ezi zinto zonakalisa iindonga zangaphakathi zemithambo yegazi kwaye zikhawulezise ukubekwa kwamafutha (i-plaque). |
| Ukutyeba kakhulu | Ukutyeba kakhulu kwandisa nezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol, kunye nesifo seswekile. |
| Ukungazilolongi (Indlela Yokuphila Ehleli Phantsi) | Xa umzimba ungasebenzi, ukujikeleza kwegazi kunokuba buthathaka kwaye amanqanaba e-cholesterol anokunyuka. |
| Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) | Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi lusanda, imithambo yegazi yonakala kwaye inkqubo yokugcinwa kwamafutha ikhawuleziswa. |
| I-cholesterol ephezulu | Le cholesterol imbi yeyona nto iphambili ekwakhiweni kwee-fatty deposits (i-plaque). |
| Isifo seswekile | Xa amanqanaba eswekile egazini enyuka, imithambo yegazi yonakala kwaye i-atherosclerosis iba mandundu. |
| Ukwaluphala | Njengoko imithambo yegazi ingaguquguquki njengoko sikhula, umngcipheko wokuba nale meko uyanda ngokwemvelo. |
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Eyona ngxaki inkulu apha kukuba oku kuvinjwa kwemithambo yegazi kusenokungabangeli zimpawu de kubangele isifo sohlangothi okanye uhlaselo lwe-ischemic oludlulayo (TIA) .
I-TIA kukuphazamiseka okwethutyana kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya engqondweni, nto leyo ephinda ibuyiselwe emva kwexesha elifutshane. Oku kufanele kuthathwe njengesilumkiso esinzulu ngaphambi kokuba kubekho isifo sohlangothi esinzulu.
Ukuba une-TIA okanye i-stroke, iiseli zobuchopho ziqala ukufa, ngoko ke ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ngumahluko phakathi kobomi nokufa.
Iimpawu zestroke okanye i-TIA
Ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu,Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Ixesha libaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukugoba kobuso ngecala elinye: Icala elinye lomlomo libonakala ngathi ligoba. Xa ucelwa ukuba uncume, licala elinye kuphela elibonakala ngathi lincuma.
- Ubunzima bokuthetha: Ukungakwazi ukuthetha kakuhle, ukungakwazi ukuthetha into ofuna ukuyithetha, okanye ukuba nobunzima bokuqonda into ethethwa ngomnye umntu.
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono kwelinye iliso: Kusenokuvakala ngathi kukho ikhethini emnyama ewela phambi kwelinye iliso.
- Ukuba ndindisholo kwelinye icala lomzimba: Ukulahlekelwa yimvakalelo kwelinye icala lengalo, umlenze, okanye ubuso.
- Ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba: ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa ingalo okanye umlenze kwelinye icala, ukulahlekelwa zingqondo.
Ugqirha uyifumana njani le nto?
Le meko idla ngokufunyaniswa emva kokuba ubonakalise iimpawu zokungakwazi ukuqina komzimba. Okanye, xa ugqirha wakho ekuxilonga aze abeke i-stethoscope entanyeni yakho, banokuva isandi esingaqhelekanga "sokukhwaza" (isandi esivakala ngathi ligazi eliphuma kwimithambo yegazi evalekileyo.
Kwenziwa uvavanyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa esi sifo kunye nokufumanisa ukuba umthambo wegazi uvalekile kangakanani kwaye uvalekile phi.
- I-Ultrasound: Olu luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu olusebenzisa amaza esandi ukuthatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi lomzimba. Lunokubona ngokucacileyo indlela igazi elihamba ngayo ngemithambo yegazi kunye nokuba ziziphi na iindawo ezivalekileyo.
- I-Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA): Le yi-CT scan ekhethekileyo esebenzisa ii-X-ray. Ithatha imifanekiso ecacileyo yemithambo yegazi yakho ngokufaka idayi ekhethekileyo kuyo.
- I-Cerebral Angiography: Oku kuquka ukudlulisa umbhobho omncinci kakhulu (i-catheter) ngemithambo yegazi ukuze kujongwe ukuvaleka. Kukwafakwa idayi ukuze kuthathwe imifanekiso eneenkcukacha yomthambo wegazi.
- Iskeni se-MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography - MRA): Oku kufana neskeni se-CTA, kodwa kusebenzisa amandla emagnethi anamandla endaweni ye-X-rays ukufumana imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zemithambo yegazi.
Emva kwezi mvavanyo, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba ingakanani imithambo yegazi yakho evalekileyo. Ihlala ihlelwa njenge -encinci (ngaphantsi kwama-50%), ephakathi (phakathi kwama-50% nama-79%), kunye ne-enkulu (ngaphezulu kwama-80%) .
Iphathwa njani?
Injongo ephambili yonyango kukuthintela isifo ukuba singabi mandundu nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhubazeka.
1. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kunye namayeza
Eli linyathelo lokuqala nelona libalulekileyo.
- Ukutya okunempilo: Ukuqhela ukutya okunamafutha aphantsi, ityuwa, kunye neswekile.
- Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzibandakanya ekuzilolongeni imihla ngemihla.
- Ukuyeka ukutshaya: Le yinto omele uyenze ngokuqinisekileyo.
- Amayeza:Ugqirha wakho angakunika amayeza afana ne -aspirin okunciphisa ukujiya kwegazi, kunye namayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol kunye namayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu .
2. Utyando kunye nezinye iindlela
Ukuba isifo sibi kakhulu, okanye ukuba sele une-TIA okanye i-stroke, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando.
- Utyando lweCarotid Endarterectomy: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha wenza umngxuma omncinci entanyeni, avule umthambo wegazi, aze akrwele umaleko wamafutha ovalekileyo (iplaque).
- Ukufaka i-stenting: Kule nkqubo, kufakwa isixhobo esikhulu esifana nenaliti kwimithambo yegazi kwaye kufakwa ityhubhu encinci efana ne-mesh (i-stent) kwindawo evalekileyo ukuze kwandiswe umthambo wegazi. Oku kususa ukuvaleka kokuhamba kwegazi.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayinguye wonke umntu ofuna utyando. Nokuba uyaludinga okanye awuludingi utyando, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo lotyando olufanelekileyo, lumiselwa ngugqirha wakho, oya kuvavanya iingozi zemeko yakho neengozi zotyando.
Oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu ukuba akunyangwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isifo sifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye sinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, iziphumo zilungile kakhulu. Uninzi lwabantu luyaphola ngokukhawuleza emva kotyando, luhlala esibhedlele usuku okanye ezimbini.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Carotid Artery Stenosis yimeko embi apho umthambo wegazi oyintloko entanyeni uvalelwa ngamanqatha.
- Eyona ngozi inkulu yoku kukuba inokubangela isifo sohlangothi ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwempawu.
- Ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu zokukhubazeka, ezinje ngokuwa kobuso, ukuthetha okungacacanga, okanye ukuphelelwa zimvakalelo kwelinye icala lomzimba , yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Esi sifo sinokuthintelwa kwaye silawulwe ngokutshintsha indlela yokuphila efana nokuphepha ukutshaya, ukutya ukutya okunempilo, kunye nokuzilolonga.
- Ukuba uneemeko ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, okanye i-cholesterol, bona ugqirha wakho rhoqo kwaye ulandele unyango oluchaziweyo ngokuchanekileyo.
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