Yintoni iTourette Syndrome? Makhe sithethe ngayo ngokulula.

Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba ngamanye amaxesha abantwana abancinci, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abantu abadala, baqhwanyaza amehlo abo rhoqo, okanye banikine amahlombe abo, okanye ngequbuliso benze isandi esicacileyo somqala? Kubonakala ngathi ezi zinto ziyenzeka kubo ngaphandle kolawulo lwabo, akunjalo? I-Tourette syndrome yimeko yemithambo-luvo ebangela iintshukumo okanye izandi ezingalawulekiyo. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba ziintshukumo zonyango. Musa ukoyika xa usiva oku. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi ngokupheleleyo oku.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni iTourette Syndrome?

I-Tourette syndrome sisifo semithambo-luvo esibangela ukuba umntu enze iintshukumo ezingalindelekanga okanye izandi angenakuzilawula. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-'tics'. Umzekelo, umntu unokuqhwanyaza amehlo akhe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, avule umphimbo, okanye athethe amazwi angawathethiyo.

Kwabanye abantu, unyango lunceda ekulawuleni ezi ngxaki. Kodwa kwabanye, ezi mpawu azibakhathazi kangako kangangokuba abadingi mayeza konke konke.

Le meko idla ngokuqala ebuntwaneni. Ikwaxhaphake kakhulu nakubafana kunamantombazana. Eyona nto ingcono kukuba ezi mpawu zihlala zincipha njengoko abantwana bekhula. Kwezinye iimeko, ziyanyamalala ngokupheleleyo.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Oogqirha basazama ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela iTourette syndrome, kodwa bakholelwa ukuba inxulumene notshintsho ekusebenzeni kweendawo ezininzi zobuchopho. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba utshintsho kwi-basal ganglia, enceda ukulawula iintshukumo zomzimba; ii-frontal lobes, ezilawula izihlunu; kunye ne-cortex, enceda ukunxibelelana phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho.

Ukongeza, ukungalingani kwiikhemikhali ezithwala imiyalezo eziya engqondweni, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'neurotransmitters,' nako kungaba ngunobangela. Ezona ziphambili zezi `(dopamine)`, `(serotonin)`, kunye `(norepinephrine)`.

Ukongeza kwezi, kukho ezinye izizathu ezingekaqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kucingelwa ukuba zinempembelelo:

• Iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• Ubunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa
• Ukulimala entloko
• Ityhefu ye -carbon monoxide
• I-Encephalitis

Ingaba le yinto evela kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana?

Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba i-Tourette syndrome okanye iimeko ezifanayo zokuxinana kwengqondo zinokuba zizinto ezizuzwa njengelifa ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Oku kuthetha ukuba kunokubakho unxibelelwano lwemfuza. Nangona kungacaci kakuhle ukuba oku kwenzeka njani, umntu one-Tourette syndrome unethuba elingama-50% lokuyidlulisela emntwaneni. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iintsapho, abantu abaninzi banale meko, ngelixa kwezinye, umntu omnye kuphela onokuba nayo. Kwakhona, malunga nomnye kubantwana abangama-20 abanale meko akanayo imbali yosapho yale meko.

Zithini iimpawu zeTourette syndrome (Tics)?

Uphawu oluphambili lwe-Tourette syndrome yi-'tics'. Ezinye 'tics' zincinci kangangokuba azibonakali. Kodwa ezinye zihlala zibonakala. Zinokubangelwa zizinto ezifana noxinzelelo , uvuyo, ukugula, okanye ukudinwa. 'I-tics' enzima ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela iintloni kwaye iphazamise ubomi okanye umsebenzi.

Ngaphambi kokuba kubekho i-motortic, abanye abantu banokuziva berhawuzelelwa, berhawuzelelwa, okanye bexinene emzimbeni. Ukungakhululeki kuyaphela xa i-tic, okanye intshukumo, isenzeka. Usenokukwazi ukuyeka i-tic okwethutyana, kodwa usenokungakwazi ukuyiyeka ngokupheleleyo.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-'tics'. Zi-'motor tics' kunye ne-'vocal tics'. Uhlobo ngalunye lwahlulwe lwaba ziindidi ezimbini: ezilula nezintsonkothileyo.

Inyaniso ngokusebenzisa ulwimi olungcolileyo (iCoprolalia)

Enye yezona mpawu zibhidayo zeTourette syndrome yi-'coprolalia'. Le yindlela engalawulekiyo yokuthetha amazwi amabi okanye izinto ezingafanelekanga eluntwini. Ngokufanayo, ukwenza izenzo ezingcolileyo ngokungalawulekiyo kubizwa ngokuba yi-'copropraxia'. Ngenxa yokuba abantu abanale meko baboniswa kwiTV nakwiimuvi, abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba oku kuqhelekile kakhulu. Kodwa inyaniso kukuba, uninzi lwabantu abaneTourette syndrome abanayo i-'coprolalia' okanye i-'copropraxia'.

Ezinye iimeko ezinxulumene noko

Nangona unobangela ochanekileyo ungacacanga, malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abaneTourette syndrome nabo baneempawu ze-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), nto leyo ethetha ukuba banobunzima bokunikel’ ingqalelo, ukuhlala begxile, kunye nokugqiba imisebenzi.

Ukongeza, i-Tourette syndrome inokunxulunyaniswa nezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ixhala
• Ubunzima bokufunda, umzekelo i-dyslexia
• Isifo sokungakhathali (OCD) yimeko apho iingcinga nezenzo ezingafunekiyo zingenakulawulwa, umzekelo, ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo.

Ugqirha uyazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba le yiTourette syndrome?

Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukujonga ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ukuba uphazamiseke. Umzekelo, ukuqhwanyaza amehlo rhoqo kunokubangelwa kukubona kakubi, okanye ukukrwela impumlo rhoqo kunokubangelwa kukunganyamezelani. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ungathunyelwa kwiimvavanyo ezifana novavanyo lwegazi okanye i-MRI scan yengqondo yakho. Ungacelwa ukuba wenze i-EEG (electroencephalogram), elinganisa iipatheni zamaza obuchopho.

Ugqirha wakho unokubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Yintoni ekukhuthaze ukuba uze apha namhlanje?
• Ingaba wena okanye umntwana wakho nineentshukumo zomzimba ezingalawulekiyo? Sele kudlule ixesha elingakanani oku kusenzeka?
• Ngaba ukhe uve amazwi okanye izandi ziphuma emlonyeni wakho ungacinganga? Kuqale nini oku?
• Ngaba kukho into eyenza ezi mpawu zibe ngcono? Yintoni eyenza zibe mandundu?
• Ngaba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninexhala okanye ninengxaki yokugxila?
• Ngaba kukho omnye umntu kusapho onale mpawu?

Ukongeza, ugqirha uqwalasela ezi khrayitheriya:

• Ngaba i-'tics' ikwiindidi zombini zentshukumo kunye nesandi (akufuneki zenzeke ngaxeshanye).
• Nokuba ziza kangaphi ngemini, ngaba ezi ziza kuhlala ubuncinane unyaka wonke?
• Ngaba yaqala ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kwiminyaka eli-18?
• Ngaba ezi zinto azibangelwa ngamayeza okanye ezinye izinto?
• Ngaba iintshukumo ziyahluka ngokuphindaphindiweyo, uhlobo, ubunzima, okanye ukusuka kokulula ukuya kokunzima?

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Akukho nyango lweTourette syndrome okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abaninzi, ukushukuma akukabi nzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba kufuneke unyango. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kuphazamisana nobomi bakho, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza.

Amayeza

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza anokunceda ekunciphiseni 'i-tics'. Ezinye zezi zikwanikwa nezinye iimeko. Kungenxa yokuba loo mayeza afunyenwe enciphisa 'i-tics'.

• Amayeza achaphazela i-dopamine: i-Fluphenazine, i-Haloperidol, i-Pimozide, i-Risperidone.
• Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: afana ne-`Clonidine`, `Guanfacine`.
• Amayeza okudakumba: iFluoxetine (Prozac), iSertraline (Zoloft).
• Amayeza e-ADHD: afana ne-`Methylphenidate (Ritalin LA)`.
• Amayeza okuxhuzula: anjenge-'Topiramate (Topomax)'.

Unyango

Ukongeza kumayeza, unyango lonyango lukwanceda kakhulu ekulawuleni le meko.

• Unyango lokuthetha: Ungathetha nengcali yezengqondo okanye ingcali yezonyango eqeqeshiweyo ukuze ufunde indlela yokujongana neTourette syndrome kunye neemeko ezinxulumene nayo ezifana ne-ADHD, i-OCD, okanye ixhala.
• Unyango Lokuziphatha Olusebenzisa Ingqondo (CBT): Oku kuquka ukuchonga iimvakalelo ezandulela i-tics kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokwenza enye into ukuphendula kuzo. Oku kunokuba luncedo olukhulu ekulawuleni i-tics.
• Ukukhuthazwa Kobuchopho Obunzulu (i-DBS): Olu nyango lusasetyenziswa njengovavanyo. Lucingelwa abantu abaneengxaki ezinzima kakhulu abangakhange baphendule kwezinye iindlela zonyango. Kule meko, kufakelwa isixhobo ngotyando esizisa ukuvuselelwa kombane kwiindawo zengqondo ezilawula intshukumo.

Iingcebiso kubazali abanyamekela umntwana one-Tourette syndrome

Ukunyamekela umntwana onesi sifo kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kubazali. Khumbula, ukushukuma komzimba kudla ngokuba qatha xa umntwana eselula kwaye kuye kunciphe kancinci kancinci njengoko ekhula.

Okwangoku, nazi izinto ezinokukunceda:

• Musa ukumnyanzela umntwana wakho ukuba ayeke ukungcangcazela kwakhe. Kusenokuba nzima ukumbona okanye ukumva, kodwa ukuzama ukumlawula kunokunyusa uxinezeleko lomntwana kwaye kwenze ukungcangcazela kube mandundu.
• Yazisa abantu abadala ebomini bomntwana. Yazisa ootitshala besikolo, umqhubi weveni yesikolo, utitshala weklasi, kunye nabaqeqeshi umntwana achitha ixesha elininzi nabo. Bachazele imeko kwaye ufumane inkxaso ayidingayo umntwana.
• Nceda umntwana wakho akhe ukuzithemba kwakhe. Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba alandele izinto anomdla kuzo kunye neetalente zakhe (ezifana nemidlalo, ubugcisa, umculo). Oku kuya kumnceda ukuba enze abahlobo, afunde izinto ezintsha, kwaye akhe ukuzithemba.
• Fundisa umntwana wakho indlela yokujongana namahlaya abanye abantu. Thetha nomntwana wakho kwaye umqeqeshe ngendlela yokuphendula amahlaya nemibuzo yabanye abantwana.
• Fumana inkxaso nawe. Fumanisa ukuba kukho amaqela enkxaso kubazali babantwana abanjalo na. Oko kuya kukunika amandla amaninzi.