Siyazi ukuba kunzima kangakanani ukulwa nomhlaza. Unyango olufumanayo, olufana ne-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation, ngamanye amaxesha lunokubangela ezinye iingxaki zempilo. Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba unyango lomhlaza lunokuba nefuthe entliziyweni yakho? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-Cardiotoxicity ngokwezonyango. Musa ukoyika xa usiva eli gama. Oku akwenzeki kuwo wonke umntu. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Cardiotoxicity?
Ubuthi bentliziyo ngumonakalo obangelwa ziintliziyo zethu ngamayeza athile omhlaza. Cinga ngamayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza njengejoni elinamandla kakhulu. Xa eli joni lilwa neeseli zomhlaza, ngamanye amaxesha iiseli eziphilileyo ezikwintliziyo yethu ezikufutshane nazo zinokonakala kancinci. Yiyo loo nto ubuthi bentliziyo buyiyo.
Eyona nto iphambili enokwenzeka kukuba intliziyo inengxaki yokupompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Izihlunu zentliziyo zinokuba buthathaka. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, oku kunokukhokelela kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yiCardiomyopathy . Oku kuthetha ukuba amandla ezihlunu zentliziyo okupompa igazi ancipha kakhulu.
Into eyahlukileyo ngale meko kukuba ngamanye amaxesha inokwenzeka emva kweminyaka unyango lomhlaza luphelile. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kubantu abadala abaye bafumana unyango lomhlaza besebancinci.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Nangona nabani na okhe wanyangwa umhlaza unethuba lokufumana esi sifo, ayinguye wonke umntu osifumanayo. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancinci.
- Abantu abasebenzisa amayeza athile: Amanye amayeza e-chemotherapy kunye nolunye unyango lunokuchaphazela intliziyo. Siza kuthetha ngaloo nto kancinci.
- Abantu abafumene unyango lwemitha kwindawo yesifuba: Xa unyango lwemitha lunikwa umhlaza wesifuba, umzekelo, umhlaza webele, imitha inokuchaphazela intliziyo ngandlela ithile.
- Abo bafumana unyango lomhlaza besebancinci: Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kancinci kubantu abadala abafumene unyango besebancinci.
Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kwi -20% yabantu abadala abafumana unyango lomhlaza banokufumana uhlobo oluthile lwesifo sentliziyo, kwaye phakathi kwe -7% kunye ne -10% yaba banokufumana isifo sentliziyo okanye ukusilela kwentliziyo.
Zeziphi iziphumo ezinokubangela ubuthi bentliziyo entliziyweni?
Le meko inokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zentliziyo. Ayizizo zonke ezi zinto ezenzeka kuye wonke umntu, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi izizathu ezinokubakho. Jonga itheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Ingxaki yentliziyo enokwenzeka | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Cardiomyopathy | Imisipha yentliziyo iba buthathaka kwaye ingakwazi ukupompa igazi ngokufanelekileyo. |
| Uhlaselo lwentliziyo / Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo | Ukuvaleka komthambo ohambisa igazi entliziyweni. |
| Ukumelwa yintliziyo | Intliziyo ibuthathaka kwaye ayikwazi ukupompa igazi ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zomzimba. |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (i-Arrhythmia) | Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo ngokungaqhelekanga, okuhlabayo, okanye okungahambelaniyo. |
| Isifo seValve yeNtliziyo | Iivalvu ezisebenza njengeengcango ngaphakathi entliziyweni azisebenzi kakuhle. |
| Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu/oluphantsi | Uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphezulu okanye luphantsi ngendlela engaqhelekanga. |
| Ukwakheka kolwelo olujikeleze intliziyo | Ukuqokelelana kolwelo kwi-membrane encinci egquma intliziyo, nto leyo ebangela uxinzelelo entliziyweni. |
Ziziphi iimpawu onokuzifumana?
Iimpawu zentliziyo ezinxulumene nokutshaya kwentliziyo zinokuvela ngequbuliso okanye zikhule kancinci kancinci. Ukuba uthatha okanye usandul' ukugqiba unyango lomhlaza, kubalulekile ukuba uzazi ezi mpawu.
Khumbula, ezi mpawu zinokubangelwa zezinye izinto, kodwa ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi, qiniseka ukuba unxibelelana nogqirha wakho.
| Uphawu | Usenokuvakalelwa ngolu hlobo. |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea) | Ndiziva ndiphelelwa ngumphefumlo kwaye ndiphefumla kancinci xa ndihamba kancinci, ndinyuka izinyuko, okanye ndime nje ndingashukumi. |
| Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungakhululeki | Kuvakala ngathi isifuba sakho siyaqina, siyancipha, okanye sibuhlungu nje. |
| Ukudumba kwemilenze (i-Edema) | Iindawo ezifana nemilenze, amaqatha, neenyawo ziyadumba kwaye zibethe xa zicinezelwa ngomnwe. |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo | Kuvakala ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngamandla kwaye ibetha ngokukhawuleza, okanye ngathi itsiba isingqi. |
| Ukudinwa kunye nokuquleka | Ukujikelezisa nokujikelezisa . Ukujikelezisa nokujikelezisa . |
| Ukudumba kwesisu | Indawo yesisu ibonakala idumbile kwaye ikhulisiwe ngenxa yokuqokelelana kolwelo emzimbeni. |
Zithini izizathu eziphambili zokuchaphazeleka yintliziyo?
Nangona kukho amawaka eentlobo zonyango lomhlaza, iintlobo ezimbalwa eziphambili zinegalelo elikhulu kule meko.
1. Amanye amayeza e-chemotherapy
Ii-anthracyclines luhlobo lwamayeza e-chemotherapy aziwa kakhulu ngale nto. Umzekelo yiDoxorubicin (Adriamycin®) . Ezi zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza ofana ne-leukemia, i-lymphoma, umhlaza webele, kunye ne-multiple myeloma.
2. Amayeza Onyango Ajoliswe Kuwo
I-Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) ngumzekelo weyeza elinjalo. Lisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza webele kunye nomhlaza wesisu. Kukho umngcipheko ophezulu we-cardiomyopathy, ingakumbi xa eli yeza linikwa kunye ne-anthracycline.
3. Unyango lwemitha kwindawo yesifuba
Xa imitha inikwa esifubeni ngenxa yomhlaza, njengomhlaza webele okanye iHodgkin's Lymphoma, imitha ingadlula entliziyweni. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kungonakalisa imithambo yegazi kunye nemisipha yentliziyo.
Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le meko?
Ukuba uneempawu ezichazwe apha ngasentla, okanye ukuba ukwiqela elinomngcipheko ophezulu, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela uvavanyo lokusebenza kwentliziyo. Uvavanyo oluphambili kukujonga amandla okumpompa kwentliziyo. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa umlinganiselo obizwa ngokuba yiLeft Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) . Ngamafutshane, le yipesenti yegazi intliziyo eyimpompayo iye emzimbeni ngalo lonke ixesha ibetha.
Ngezantsi kukho ezinye iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ezi zinto.
| Uvavanyo | Wenza ntoni ngale nto? |
|---|---|
| I-Echocardiogram (I-Echo) | Le yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu. Amaza e-ultrasound (njengee-scan esizifumanayo xa sibona abantwana) asetyenziselwa ukujonga ukubetha kwentliziyo, ubungakanani bayo, imilo yayo, kunye nendlela epompa ngayo igazi. |
| I-MRI yentliziyo | Ukusebenzisa iimagnethi kunye namaza erediyoIthatha imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha zentliziyo. Le yindlela engcono yokufumanisa ubuthi bentliziyo. |
| Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwentliziyo | Balinganisa indlela intliziyo yakho esabela ngayo xa uzilolonga ngokukuvumela ukuba uhambe kwi-treadmill okanye ukhwele ibhayisekile. |
| Iskena se-Multigated Acquisition (MUGA) | Ixabiso le-LVEF lilinganiswa ngokufaka isixa esincinci sento enemisebe engenabungozi emzimbeni kwaye kusetyenziswa ikhamera ukuyibukela ihamba entliziyweni kunye negazi. |
| Iskeni se-CT sentliziyo | Umfanekiso wentliziyo we-3D wenziwa kusetyenziswa ii-X-reyi ezininzi. Oku kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kubantu abaye bafumana unyango lwemitha. |
Inyangwa njani le meko?
Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kubungakanani bomonakalo entliziyweni yakho kunye nesizathu sawo.
- Ukutshintsha amayeza: Ukuba kuqinisekiswa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olusebenzisayo ngoku luchaphazela intliziyo yakho, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni ayeke amayeza, anciphise umthamo, okanye akutshintshele kwelinye iyeza.
- Amayeza entliziyo: Ugqirha wakho angakunika amayeza amatsha okunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kwentliziyo nokulawula iimpawu. Umzekelo:
- Ii-ACE Inhibitors: Ezi zandisa imithambo yegazi kwaye ziphucula ukuhamba kwegazi.
- Ii-Beta-blockers: Ezi zilawula izinga lentliziyo kwaye zinciphisa uxinzelelo entliziyweni.
- I-Diuretics: Zinceda ekususeni ulwelo olugqithisileyo emzimbeni ngomchamo, nto leyo enciphisa ukudumba.
- I-Digoxin: Ilawula izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo kwaye yenza ukuba igazi liphampe intliziyo ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngaba le meko inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo. Impendulo ithi, "Ngamanye amaxesha unako, ngamanye amaxesha awukwazi."
- Ubuthi bentliziyo obubangelwa ziziyobisi ezifana neTrastuzumab (Herceptin®) budla ngokubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo . Oku kuthetha ukuba ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo xa unyango luyekisiwe okanye kuqaliswe elinye iyeza.
- I-Anthracyclines okanye Unyango lweMisebeUmonakalo obangelwe yimeko udla ngokungabi nakuguqulwa . Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kunokufuneka uthathe amayeza axhasa intliziyo kwaye wenze utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo ubomi bakho bonke.
Yintoni enokwenziwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko?
Inyaniso kukuba, akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo ubuthi bentliziyo. Kuba olo nyango lubalulekile ekunyangeni umhlaza. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza kukubona le meko ngokukhawuleza.
- Thetha nogqirha wakho: Ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango lomhlaza, thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga neenzuzo zonyango, kunye nemiphumo enokubakho, efana nemiphumo entliziyweni.
- Ukuhlolwa rhoqo: Ngexesha nasemva konyango lomhlaza, jonga intliziyo yakho rhoqo (umz., i-echo scan) njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele. Oku kuya kunceda ekufumaneni naziphi na iingxaki kwangethuba kwaye kuqalwe unyango.
Ixesha lokufumana ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza!
Ukuba ufumana okanye ufumene unyango lomhlaza, kwaye ufumana naziphi na iimpawu eziqatha ezilandelayo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.
- Isantya sentliziyo esiqhubekayo okanye esinyukayo.
- Ukuba nesiyezi, ukubona izinto ezingacacanga, okanye ukuquleka.
- Ukungaphefumli kakuhle okanye iintlungu esifubeni ziya zisiba mandundu ngequbuliso.
- Ukudumba kwemilebe okanye umqala.
- Ukudumba okungaqhelekanga kwemilenze okanye iinyawo.
- Ukunyuka kobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-1.5 kg (iikhilogram ezi-3) ngeveki.
Ezi mpawu zinokuba luphawu lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kakhulu, ngoko ke musa ukulibazisa.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ubuthi bentliziyo bukonakalisa intliziyo ngenxa yonyango lomhlaza. Oku akwenzeki kuwo wonke umntu, kodwa kukho umngcipheko.
- Hlala uqaphela iimpawu ezinje ngobunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu zesifuba, kunye nokudumba kwemilenze.
- Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise unyango lomhlaza, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga kunye nemiphumo enokubakho entliziyweni yakho.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwentliziyo rhoqo (njengokuphindaphindwa kwelizwi) njengoko kucetyisiwe ngugqirha wakho, ngexesha nasemva konyango.
- Okukhona ingxaki ibonwa kwangoko, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba inyangwe ngempumelelo. Musa ukoyika, yaziswe, kwaye usebenzisane ngokusondeleyo nogqirha wakho.
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