Ngamanye amaxesha asinikeli ngqalelo ingako kutshintsho oluthile emizimbeni yethu, umzekelo, ukunyuka kobunzima ngesiquphe, ukwanda kweenwele emzimbeni, okanye ukudinwa kakhulu, akunjalo? Kodwa ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zengxaki ngeendlala ezimbini ezincinci ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, iindlala ze-adrenal. Nangona oku kuyinto enzulu kancinci, musani ukoyika. Ukwazi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko yomhlaza enxulumene nezi ndlala ze-adrenal.
Yintoni umhlaza we-adrenal?
Ngamafutshane, oku kukwiqela lee-cancer ezinokukhula kwii-glands ezivelisa ii-hormones emzimbeni wethu. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Umhlaza we-adrenal ukhula kwii-adrenal glands zethu. Cinga ngale ndlela, kukho ii-glands ezimbini ezincinci phezu kwezintso zethu, njengezigqoko ezimbini. Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba zii-adrenal glands. Umhlaza ungakhula kwenye okanye zombini ezi glands.
Ezi gland zivelisa iihomoni , okanye iikhemikhali, ezilawula izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo lwethu lwegazi, ukukhula kweenwele, umdla wokwabelana ngesondo, kwanendlela esijongana ngayo noxinzelelo ixhomekeke kwezi homoni. Ezinye iithumba ze-adrenal gland ziqala ukuvelisa iihomoni zazo.
Le thumba inokuqala kumaleko wangaphandle wendlala, oogqirha abayibiza ngokuba yi-"cortex". Okanye, inokuqala kumbindi wendlala, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"medulla".
Kwiimeko ezininzi, iqhuma lisenokuba likhulu kakhulu xa uqalisa ukuba neempawu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango ezikhoyo zokulwa nalo mhlaza. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngayo nogqirha wakho kwaye uthethe nosapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo ngayo kwaye ufumane inkxaso yabo. Baza kuba ngumthombo omkhulu wamandla kuhambo lwakho lwempilo.
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Xa ithumba lincinci, usenokungaziboni naziphi na iimpawu. Kodwa njengoko likhula, ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokuvela ngenxa yotshintsho kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo eehomoni. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi.
| Unobangela weempawu | Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu ezibangelwa yiqhuma ngokwalo | - Ukuziva intlungu okanye iqhubu esiswini - Ukuziva ugcwele nangona emva kokutya kancinci |
| Ukwanda kwee-hormone ze-androgen (Iihomoni zamadoda) | - Ukukhula kweenwele ezingafunekiyo ebusweni okanye emzimbeni - Ukwanda kwepenisi kubafana abancinci okanye i-clitoris kumantombazana amancinci |
| Ukwanda kwe-hormone ye-estrogen (Iihomoni zabasetyhini) | - Ukuya exesheni kwangethuba okanye ukukhula kwamabele kumantombazana - Ukuya exesheni okungaqhelekanga okanye ukuvakala okunzulu kwabasetyhini - Ukopha kwegazi kwisini kwabasetyhini emva kokuya exesheni - Uphuhliso lwamabele kumadoda, ukungabi namandla okanye ukuncipha komnqweno wesondo |
| Ukwanda kwe-cortisol hormone | - Ukunyuka kobunzima bomzimba - Ubuso bubonakala bukhukhumele - Ukukhula kweenwele ezincinci ebusweni, emzimbeni ongasentla, okanye ezingalweni - Amabala okuzolula eluswini - Ubuthathaka bamathambo nemisipha - Ukugruzuka kwesikhumba nokuba kukwenzakala okuncinci - Ukutshintshatshintsha kweemvakalelo rhoqo, ukudakumba - Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye namanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini |
| Ukwanda kwe-hormone ye-Aldosterone | - Ubuthathaka bomzimba, ukuqaqamba kwemisipha - Igazi elonyukayo - Amanqanaba e-potassium egazini anciphile - Unxano olugqithisileyo - Ukuchama rhoqo |
Zithini izizathu kunye nezinto ezibangela umhlaza we-adrenal?
Akukho sizathu sicacileyo sokuba kutheni abanye abantu bevelisa la maqhuma. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unenye yezi meko zilandelayo zemfuza, umngcipheko wakho wokuba nalo mhlaza uphezulu kancinci.
- Isifo seLi-Fraumeni
- isifo sikaBeckwith-Wiedemann
- Indawo kaCarney
- I-neoplasia ye-endocrine emininzi
- Iipolyposis ze-adenomatous zosapho
- Isifo seLynch
Ezi ziimeko ezingaqhelekanga zemfuza. Ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ukuba unenye yezi, ungakhathazeki ngokungeyomfuneko ngayo.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo zomhlaza we-adrenal?
Ewe, ii-adrenal gland tumors zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: ezinobungozi nezingenabungozi. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zisekelwe apho ziqala khona.
Iithumba ezinobungozi
- I-Adrenocortical carcinoma: Oku kuqala kumaleko angaphandle (i-cortex) ye-gland. Olu hlobo lwe-tumor luvelisa inani elikhulu lee-hormone.
- I-pheochromocytoma ye-adrenal enobungozi: Lo ngumhlaza ongaqhelekanga kakhulu oqala embindini we-gland (medulla).
- I-Neuroblastoma: Oku kuqala nakwi-midbrain kwaye kubonakala kakhulu ebantwaneni.
- I-paraganglioma enobungozi: Oku kunokuvela ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwe-adrenal gland.
Amaqhuma angengomhlaza (angengobungozi)
- I-Adenoma: Ezi ngamanye amaxesha zinokuvelisa i-cortisol egqithisileyo, imeko esiyibiza ngokuba yi-"Cushing's syndrome".
- I-pheochromocytoma engeyiyo
- I-paraganglioma engeyiyo
Ungasixilonga njani esi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)
Ukuba uneempawu okanye ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela umhlaza, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho iqhuma. Ezi mvavanyo zinokumisela inqanaba lomhlaza kunye nokuba sele usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
- Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali yezonyango: Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngemikhwa yakho yempilo kunye neemeko zakho zempilo zangaphambili.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo: Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba umzimba wakho uvelisa iihomoni zesini ezininzi okanye ii-steroids. Umzekelo, lujonga ukuba amanqanaba e-potassium aphantsi okanye amanqanaba aphezulu e-cortisol okanye e-estrogen.
- Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Iiskeni zisetyenziselwa ukukhangela amaqhuma okanye iiseli zomhlaza. Ezi zingabandakanya ii-X-ray, i-ultrasound, ii-CT scans, ii-MRI scans, kunye nee-PET scans.
- I-Laparoscopy: Kule nto, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci kakhulu enekhamera encinci emzimbeni ukuze kubonwe apho umhlaza ukhula khona.
- I-Biopsy: Kuthathwa isampulu encinci yezicubu kusetyenziswa inaliti ize ihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba zikhona na iiseli zomhlaza.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Xa ucinga ngemeko yakho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke, ugqirha wakho uya kukucebisa isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe.
- Utyando:Olu lunyango kuphela olunokubonelela ngonyango olupheleleyo. Ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni asuse idlala lakho le-adrenal okanye zombini. Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile, ii-lymph nodes ezikufutshane nazo zinokufuneka zisuswe.
- Unyango ngemitha: Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukunqanda ukukhula kwethumba. Ngamanye amaxesha lunikwa emva kotyando.
- Amayeza: Amayeza aqhelekileyo anikwayo sisiyobisi esibizwa ngokuba yi-`mitotane (Lysodren).` Sithintela ukuveliswa kweehomoni ngamadlala e-adrenal kwaye sitshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Oku kuquka ukunika amayeza ahamba emzimbeni wonke aze abulale iiseli zomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zingonakalisa neeseli ezisempilweni.
- Unyango olujoliswe kulo: La mayeza ajolise kwaye atshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza kuphela, ngaphandle kokulimaza iiseli eziphilileyo.
- Ukususwa kwethumba: Le yindlela yokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kusetyenziswa ubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye ukubanda kakhulu kwabo bagula kakhulu ukuba bangatyandwa okanye xa umhlaza usasazeke.
Nokuba loluphi unyango olukhethayo, khathalela umzimba wakho kunye nengqondo yakho. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga namaqela enkxaso apho unokuthetha nabanye abajongene nengxaki efanayo neyakho.
Iyintoni imbonakalo yesifo?
Impilo yakho yexesha elizayo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubudala bakho, ubungakanani bethumba xa lifunyaniswa ukuba linesifo, kunye nokuba ingaba ithumba livelisa iihomoni okanye akunjalo.
Ngokwezibalo, malunga nabantu abangama-73 kwabayi-100 abanyangwa ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwamadlala e-adrenal baya kuphila iminyaka emi-5 nangaphezulu. Ukuba usasazeke kwizicubu okanye amalungu omzimba akufutshane, elo nani lehla liye kuma-53% kwabayi-100. Ukuba usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba, elo nani lehla liye kuma-38% kwabayi-100.
Khumbula, ezi ziinkcukacha-manani nje. Isigulana ngasinye sahlukile. Ngoko ke musa ukudimazeka ngala manani. Kubalulekile ukujongana nonyango ngendlela eyakhayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Lumka naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga emzimbeni wakho, ingakumbi ukunyuka kobunzima ngequbuliso, ukukhula kweenwele ngokugqithisileyo, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
- Umhlaza we-adrenal yimeko engaqhelekanga kodwa imbi kakhulu, ngoko ke musa ukuyityeshela le mpawu.
- Ukufunyanwa kwangoko linyathelo elikhulu elikhokelela kunyango oluphumelelayo. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, bonana nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
- Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, kwaye ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba unyango olulungele wena.
- Awuwedwa kolu hambo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna inkxaso yeemvakalelo kusapho, kubahlobo, nakumaqela enkxaso.
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