Ngaba wakha weva ngegama elithi 'Chordoma'? Mhlawumbi akunjalo. Kuba yinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu, oko kukuthi, imeko embi engafane ibonwe. Le thumba yomhlaza ikhula kwiindawo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Enye ngumqolo wethu, kwaye enye isisiseko sentloko yethu. Kusengqiqweni ukuziva usoyika kancinci xa igama elithi umhlaza likhankanywa kwindawo enjalo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngendlela elula, ecacileyo, neqondakalayo kuwe.
Kalula nje, yintoni iChordoma?
I-Chordoma ngumhlaza okhula emathanjeni ethu. Ngokuchanekileyo, ikwiqela lee-cancer ezibizwa ngokuba yi-sarcomas. Ngumhlaza okhula kancinci. Oku kuthetha ukuba inokuhlala ingenazimpawu ixesha elide.
Lo mhlaza ungakhula naphi na emgogodleni, kodwa kukho iindawo ezintathu ezixhaphakileyo:
- Ingongoma esezantsi yomqolo (iSacrum): Malunga ne-35% yazo zonke ii-chordomas zikhula kule ndawo.
- Isiseko sentloko: Amanye ama-35% eemeko akhula apha. Ithambo ngeli xesha libizwa ngokuba yi-'clivus'. Olu hlobo lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-'clival chordomas'.
- Amanye amathambo omqolo: Ama-30% aseleyo afumaneka kwezinye iindawo zomqolo. Axhaphake kakhulu kwithambo lesibini lomqolo, kulandele ithambo le-lumbar nele-thoracic.
Eyona ngxaki inkulu ngalo mhlaza kukuba, nangona ukhula kancinci, ungena kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ejikelezileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokonakalisa iindawo ezibuthathaka kakhulu ezifana nobuchopho kunye nomqolo.
Enye into kukuba idla ngokubuyela umva, nokuba sele inyangiwe. Idla ngokubuya kwindawo efanayo naleyo yayikuyo ngaphambili. Kwakhona, malunga ne-30% - 40% yamatyala, lo mhlaza unokusasazeka (ukukhula kwe-metastasize) uye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Ukuba kunjalo, idla ngokusasazeka ukuya ku:
- Ukuya emiphungeni
- Kwii-lymph nodes ezijikelezileyo
- Kwamanye amathambo
- Kwisibindi
- Elusu
Ngaba kukho iintlobo zeChordoma?
Ewe, iWorld Health Organisation (WHO) ichonge iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zalo mhlaza. Olu hlobo lokwahlulahlula lusekelwe kwindlela ezibonakala ngayo iiseli zomhlaza phantsi kwe-microscope (histology). Masibone ukuba ziyintoni na.
| Uhlobo lweChordoma | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Chordoma yeKlasi/eQhelekileyo | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Luchaphazela i-80%-90% yezigulane. Iiseli zalo zibukeka ngathi "ziibhamuza" phantsi kwe-microscope. I-chondroid chordoma, eyakheka ezantsi kwekhakayi, luhlobo oluthile lolu hlobo. |
| I-Chordoma ehlukanisiweyo | Oku kunqabile kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-5%). Kubonakaliswa yingqokelela engaqhelekanga yeeseli. Ikhula ngokukhawuleza kunohlobo oluqhelekileyo, inoburhalarhume ngakumbi, kwaye inomngcipheko omkhulu wokusasazeka (ukusasazeka kwe-metastasizing) kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. |
| I-Chordoma Engahluke Nganto | Oku kunqabile nangakumbi. Amatyala angaphantsi kwama-60 abikwe kwiirekhodi zonyango. Olu hlobo lubonakala ngokulahleka kwejini ebizwa ngokuba yi -SMARCB1 okanye i-INI1 kwiiseli. Olu hlobo luxhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci . |
Ngubani onokuba sengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo? Sixhaphake kangakanani?
Nangona i-chondroma inokukhula nangaliphi na ixesha, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 ukuya kuma-80. Ipesenti encinci, malunga ne-5%, iyakhula ebantwaneni. Kwakhona, amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kayi-1.5 okukhula kwesi sifo kunabasetyhini.
Oku kunqabile kangangokuba ngumntu omnye kuphela kwisigidi (100,000) sabantu abafumana esi sifo minyaka le . Oku kuthetha ukuba nakwilizwe elifana nelethu, zimbalwa kakhulu iimeko ezintsha ezixelwayo minyaka le.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba iChordoma isoloko iyimeko embi. Akukho hlobo lungengomhlaza.
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Njengoko i-chordoma ikhula, ibeka uxinzelelo kwingqondo ejikelezileyo okanye kwi-spinal cord. Olu xinzelelo lubangela iimpawu. Kwakhona, iimpawu zingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yethumba.
Makhe sibone kwitheyibhile engezantsi indlela iimpawu ezahluka ngayo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo elikuyo iqhuma.
| Indawo yeTumor | Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokwenzeka | Intlungu, ubuthathaka, kunye/okanye ukuba ndindisholo emqolo, ezingalweni, okanye emilenzeni. |
| Amagama eSiseko seKhakhayi | - Ukubona kabini (i-diplopia) - Umbono ofipheleyo - Intloko ebuhlungu - Ubuso obungenamsebenzi okanye iintlungu |
| Kwindawo esezantsi yomqolo (iTailbone/Sacrum) | - Iqhuma elinokuviwa ngesikhumba - Ubunzima bokuchama okanye ukukhupha indle (ukulahlekelwa kukulawula) - Intlungu emqolo okanye emqolo ongezantsi |
Kutheni olu hlobo lomhlaza luvela? Yintoni unobangela?
Abaphandi abakakwazi ukubona unobangela ochanekileyo, kodwa bakholelwa ukuba kukho utshintsho kwi-gene ebizwa ngokuba yi-TBXT .
Cinga ngale nto, xa umntwana eqala ukukhula esibelekweni sikanina, ngaphambi kokuba umqolo wakheke, kwakheka ulusu oluncinci olubizwa ngokuba yi -notochord . Oku kuya kukhula kamva lube yi-spinal cord. Ngokwesiqhelo, olu lusu lunyamalala ngokupheleleyo xa umntwana emalunga neeveki ezi-8 ubudala.
Kodwa kunqabile kakhulu, ezinye zezi seli zihlala kwisiseko sekhakhayi okanye emathanjeni omqolo. Kukholelwa ukuba kamva, ukuba kukho utshintsho kwi-gene ye-TBXT esithethe ngayo, ezi seli ziseleyo zinokuqala ukukhula ngokungalawulekiyo zize zibe ngumhlaza we-chondroma.
Kwakhona, abantu abane-genetic disorder ebizwa ngokuba yi-tuberous sclerosis basengozini enkulu kancinci yokuba ne-chordoma.
Ungasixilonga njani esi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)
Ukuba uneempawu ezidweliswe apha ngasentla, kufuneka uqale ubonane nogqirha wakho. Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango. Emva koko, baza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kunye novavanyo lwemithambo-luvo.
Ukuba kurhanelwa ukuba kukho iqhuma elinomhlaza, ugqirha uza kukuthumela kwiimvavanyo zomfanekiso.
- I-X-reyi
- Iskeni yeComputed Tomography (CT)
- Iskeni seMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Emva kwezi mvavanyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uthunyelwe kugqirha ogxile kumhlaza wamathambo. Kusenokufuneka ezinye iimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa isifo nokubona ukuba sisasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
Eyona ndlela yokuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo ngesi sifo kukwenza i-biopsy , equka ukuthatha isampuli encinci kakhulu yezicubu eziphuma kwiqhubu usebenzisa inaliti encinci uze uyihlolisise phantsi kwe-microscope.
Iphathwa njani?
Unyango oluphambili nolungcono kakhulu lwe-chordoma lutyando. Iziphumo ezilungileyo kwisigulana zifumaneka ngokususa iqhuma elinomhlaza kangangoko kunokwenzeka (en bloc resection).
Nangona kunjalo, oku akulula njengoko kubonakala kuba, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, la mathumba akheka kufutshane namalungu omzimba abuthathaka kakhulu kunye nemithambo-luvo ebalulekileyo.
- Iithumba ezisezantsi kwentloko yokakayi: Kunzima kakhulu ukuzisusa ngokupheleleyo kuba zikufutshane nesiqu sobuchopho, imithambo-luvo ebalulekileyo, kunye nemithambo yegazi.
- Iithumba zomqolo: Ezi zinokungena kwi-spinal cord, kwi-nerves, nakwimithambo yegazi emikhulu. Ukuba ezi zonakele ngexesha lotyando, ukukhubazeka okusisigxina okanye nokufa kunokwenzeka.
Ngenxa yoko, oogqirha bemithambo-luvo bazama ukususa ithumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokulimaza isigulane.
Umhlaza weChordoma awusoloko usabela kakuhle kunyango lwemitha kunye nechemotherapy, ngoko ke ezi azisetyenziswa rhoqo njengonyango oluphambili. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lwemitha lunikezelwa emva kotyando ukuze kutshatyalaliswe naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo kwaye kuncitshiswe umngcipheko wokuba umhlaza uphinde ubuye.
Abaphandi okwangoku baphanda unyango lwanamhlanje olufana nonyango olujoliswe kulo kunye nonyango lwe-immunotherapy.
Ithini ingxelo yokubikezela ukuba esi sifo siza kuqala?
"I-Prognosis" luqikelelo lokuba umntu uza kuphila aze asinde kwisifo esithile. Kwimeko ye-chondroma, oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:
- Indawo yethumba kunye nokuba ingakanani esusiweyo ngexesha lotyando: Ukuba ithumba lisusiwe ngokupheleleyo, iziphumo zingcono.
- Ingaba umhlaza usasazekile na (ususwe kwi-metastasized):Ukuba isasazeke kwizitho ezikude emzimbeni, izinga lokusinda liyehla.
- Ubudala ekuxilongweni: Iziphumo zinokuba sezantsi kancinci kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala.
- Uhlobo lomhlaza: Iintlobo zesifo esiqhelekileyo zineziphumo ezingcono kuneentlobo ezinobundlongondlongo ezifana ne-"Dedifferentiated" esithethe ngazo.
Ngokutsho kolunye uphando, amazinga okusinda kwabantu abane-chordoma ngala alandelayo:
- Emva kweminyaka emi-3: 80.5%
- Emva kweminyaka emi-5: 68.4%
- Emva kweminyaka eli-10: 39.2%
Kodwa ungoyiki ngala manani. La ngamanani aphakathi avela kwiqela elikhulu lezigulana. Iziphumo zakho zinokwahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, indlela yonyango, kunye nendlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo. Liqela lakho lezonyango kuphela elinokukunika ulwazi olungcono ngalo mba. Ngoko ke ungoyiki ukubabuza imibuzo.
Ngaba esi sifo singathintelwa? Ndingambona nini ugqirha?
Akukho nto sinokuyenza ukuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwe-chondroma. Uninzi lweemeko zenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho one-chondroma okanye i-tuberous sclerosis, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela emva konyango ixesha elide. I-Chondroma ngumhlaza onokuphinda ubuye emva kweminyaka emininzi yonyango. Kungoko ke, kubalulekile ukuya kuhlolwa rhoqo njengoko kucetyisiwe liqela lakho lezonyango.
Ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye uxinezelekile xa ufunda ngomhlaza ongaqhelekanga kangaka. Kodwa khumbula, iqela lakho lezonyango liza kusebenzisana nawe ukuze lenze isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe kwaye lenze konke okusemandleni alo ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Chordoma luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga kakhulu oluvela emathanjeni omqolo okanye kwisiseko sentloko.
- Iimpawu zixhomekeke kwindawo umhlaza okhoyo kuyo kwaye zinokubandakanya iintloko ezibuhlungu, ukubona kabini, iintlungu zomqolo, kunye nokungaziva mnandi kwamalungu omzimba.
- Unyango oluphambili kukususwa kwesi sifo ngotyando, kodwa oku kunokuba nzima kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwindawo esikuyo.
- Kwanasemva konyango, kukho umngcipheko wokuphinda umhlaza, ngoko ke ukulandela ugqirha wakho ixesha elide kubalulekile.
- Musa ukoyikiswa zizibalo. Isigulana ngasinye sahlukile. Thetha neqela lakho lezonyango ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nemeko yakho.
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