Ingaba umntwana wakho uneentlungu emathanjeni akhe? Masiqaphele le Osteosarcoma (Osteogenic Sarcoma)

Ngaba umntwana wakho uhlala ekhalaza ngentlungu emlenzeni, engalweni, okanye kwelinye ithambo? Usenokuba uqaphele into efana nokudumba okuncinci kuloo ndawo. Sihlala sicinga ukuba kukwenzakala abantwana abaye bakufumana xa bedlala, bewa, okanye bebetha into ethile. Uninzi lwexesha, oko kusenokuba njalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha uphawu olufana nolu lunokuba yinto embi kakhulu kunokuba sicinga. Namhlanje, sithetha ngemeko enye enjalo efuna ingqalelo, uhlobo lomhlaza wamathambo olubizwa ngokuba yi-Osteosarcoma. Musa ukoyika xa usiva eli gama. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuluqaphela.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Osteosarcoma?

I-Osteosarcoma luhlobo lomhlaza olukhula emathanjeni emizimba yethu, okanye emathanjeni ethu. Iqala njengeeseli zamathambo eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezi seli ziba ziiseli zomhlaza kwaye zenze iithumba. Ezi thumba azenzi amathambo aphilileyo, kodwa zenza amathambo abuthathaka, anesifo.

Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bayibiza le nto ngokuthi `(Osteogenic Sarcoma)`. Apha, `Sarcoma` ligama eliqhelekileyo lomhlaza okhula kwizicubu ezidityanisiweyo ezifana nethambo, i-cartilage, kunye nemisipha. Igama elithi `Osteo` lithetha ithambo. Ngoko ke, ngokwegama ngokwalo, siyaqonda ukuba lo ngumhlaza onxulumene namathambo.

Ngawaphi amathambo anokuba nomhlaza?

Umhlaza we-osteosarcoma udla ngokukhula emathanjeni amade omzimba wethu. Oko kukuthi, emathanjeni amade eengalo nemilenze. Uqheleke kakhulu eziphelweni zala mathambo kufutshane namalungu. Oku kunokuvela kufutshane neendawo ezifana nedolo, isinqe, kunye negxalaba.

Amathambo achaphazeleka kakhulu ngala:

• I-Femur (umlenze ongasentla)
• Ithambo lesifuba (inxalenye yomlenze engaphantsi kwedolo) `(I-Tibia)`
• Ithambo lengalo ephezulu `(iHumerus)`

Iindawo ezichaphazelekileyo kancinci:

• Ihaki
• Ithambo lesinqe (iPelvis)
• Ukhakhayi
• Ngamanye amaxesha, kunqabile kakhulu, zinokukhula kwizicubu ezithambileyo zesisu okanye esifubeni.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-osteosarcoma?

Iimpawu zesi sifo zingahluka kumntu nomntu, kodwa kukho ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninayo enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha ngayo.

Kutheni olu hlobo lomhlaza luvela? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Unobangela ochanekileyo walo mhlaza awukafunyanwa. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba izinto ezithile zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nawo.

• Ukukhula kwamathambo ngokukhawuleza:Le yeyona nto iphambili echongiweyo. Ngexesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza (ukukhula ngokukhawuleza) ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci, amathambo abo nawo akhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Xa oku kwahlukana ngokukhawuleza kweeseli kwenzeka, kukho umngcipheko wokuba kukho into engalunganga kwaye iiseli ezinomhlaza zinokwakheka. Yingakho i-osteosarcoma ibonakala kakhulu kubantu abancinci.
• Ukuvezwa kwimitha: Ukuba ufumene unyango lwemitha njengonyango lolunye uhlobo lomhlaza, kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokufumana i-osteosarcoma emathanjeni abechaphazeleke kuloo mitha kwixesha elizayo.
• Izizathu zemfuza: Kunokubakho utshintsho oluthile lwemfuza. Umzekelo, abantu abaneenguqu ezithile kwi-gene ye-p53 (i-gene ethintela umhlaza) okanye i-gene ye-Rb (Retinoblastoma) (enxulunyaniswa nomhlaza wamehlo kubantwana abancinci) basengozini enkulu.
• Ezinye izifo ezingaqhelekanga: Abantu abanezifo ezingaqhelekanga ezifana ne-`Li-Fraumeni syndrome` kunye ne-`Paget's disease of the bone` nabo basengozini enkulu yokufumana i-Osteosarcoma kunabo bonke abantu.

Ugqirha uyifumana njani le nto?

Xa usiya kugqirha oneempawu ezichazwe apha ngasentla, uza kulandela amanyathelo aliqela.

1. Ukubuza ngeempawu: Okokuqala, ugqirha uza kukubuza wena nomntwana wakho ukuba intlungu iqale nini, yaqala njani, kwaye ukuba kukho na ukudumba. Basenokubuza nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onembali yomhlaza.

2. Uvavanyo lomzimba: Okulandelayo, indawo yentlungu ihlolwa ngononophelo. Bajonga ukudumba, ukuthamba, ukufudumala kuloo ndawo, kunye nokuhamba kwamalungu.

3. Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray: Ukuba kukho norhano oluncinci malunga ne-osteosarcoma, into yokuqala ekufuneka yenziwe kukuthatha i-X-ray yethambo elichaphazelekayo. Oku kunokuqinisekisa ukuba ithambo linembonakalo engaqhelekanga.

4. Ezinye iiskeni: Ukuba kukho into ekrokrisayo kwi-X-ray, i-CT scan okanye i-MRI scan ingayalelwa ukuba iphandwe ngakumbi. I-MRI scan inganika umfanekiso ocacileyo ngobukhulu bethumba kunye nendlela elisasazeke ngayo ngaphakathi kwethambo kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo ezingqongileyo.

5. I-Biopsy: Uvavanyo olubalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo yi-biopsy. Apha, ugqirha wotyando uthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicubu kwithumba aze alihlole phantsi kwe-microscope ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza.

Nje ukuba umhlaza uqinisekiswe, inyathelo elilandelayo kukujonga ukuba usasazekile na (usuqhelile) nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba, ingakumbi imiphunga. Oku kunokubandakanya i-CT scan yesifuba kunye ne-full-body bone scan. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'staging'.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Iindlela zonyango lwe-osteosarcoma ziphumelele. Unyango luhlala lubonelelwa liqela leengcali zomhlaza, oogqirha botyando, kunye nabanye oochwephesha bezempilo. Unyango oluphambili luquka:

1. Unyango ngamakhemikhali

Oku kuquka ukunika umzimba amayeza anamandla anokubulala iiseli zomhlaza. I-chemotherapy idla ngokunikezelwa ngaphambi nasemva kotyando.

• Ngaphambi kotyando: Injongo kukunciphisa ithumba nokutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuba zifihlekile emzimbeni.
• Emva kotyando: Injongo kukutshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zihlale emva kotyando kunye nokuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi.

2. Utyando

Emva kokuba unyango lwe-chemotherapy lunciphise ithumba, kwenziwa utyando lokususa ngokupheleleyo ithumba elinomhlaza kunye nenani elincinci lezicubu eziphilileyo ezijikeleze lona. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zotyando.

• Utyando lokusindisa amalungu omzimba: Olu lolona tyando luqhelekileyo olwenziwayo namhlanje. Kolu tyando, kususwa kuphela inxalenye yethambo enomhlaza kwaye endaweni yayo kufakwe i-metal prosthesis okanye i-bone graft. Oku kunokugcina ukusebenza kwengalo okanye umlenze kuphezulu.
• Ukunqunyulwa kwelungu: Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nemithambo-luvo okanye imithambo yegazi, okanye ukuba kukho iingxaki ezifana nosulelo, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukususa ingalo okanye umlenze ochaphazelekayo. Emva koko kungasetyenziswa ilungu lomzimba elifakelweyo.

3. Unyango lweMisebe

Unyango lwemitha alusetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-osteosarcoma kuba ezi seli zomhlaza azinangxaki kakhulu nemitha. Nangona kunjalo, olu nyango lungasetyenziswa ukuba umhlaza ukwiindawo ezingenakususwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando (umz., ukhakhayi, umqolo), okanye ukuba kukho ukurhaneleka kokuba iiseli zomhlaza zisekho emva kotyando.

Zithini amathuba okuchacha emva konyango?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo. Kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo ukuwuva, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi inyaniso. Amathuba okuchacha axhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba xa ufunyaniswa ukuba unesifo.

Ukuba umhlaza sele usasazeke (ususele kwi-metastasized) nakwezinye iindawo, ezifana nemiphunga, ngexesha lokuxilongwa kwawo, izinga lokusinda liphantsi nangakumbi. Kodwa nakwiimeko ezinjalo, kukho unyango. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi zizibalo nje. Isigulana ngasinye sahlukile. Ngoko ke kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho kwaye ufunde iinkcukacha ngemeko yakho.