Khawuthelekelele uvuke kusasa waya ekhitshini. Uvule iswitshi yokukhanyisa, kodwa isibane asikhanyi. Kodwa wabona ukuba zonke ezinye izibane endlwini ziyasebenza. Wacinga ngoko nangoko, "Owu... isibane esikule khitshi simele ukuba sitshile." Yiyo le ndlela esisebenzisa ngayo iinyani ezinxulumeneyo ukufikelela kwisigqibo esithile, esikubiza ngokuba yi-'Deductive Reasoning'. Sikwenza oku amaxesha amaninzi ngemini singazi nokuba siyaqonda. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale khono imangalisayo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iDeductive Reasoning?
`Ukuqiqa ngokuSusa` yinkqubo yengqondo esiyisebenzisayo ukwenza izigqibo nokusombulula iingxaki. Ngokwenyani, yinto enxulumene nengqondo yethu. Kule ndlela, sifikelela kwisigqibo esithile ngokusekelwe kwingcamango enye okanye ezingaphezulu esizamkelayo njengeyinyani.
Kufana nokwakha into ethile ngeengcezu zeLego. Iingcamango esinazo engqondweni zethu esizamkelayo njenge "oku kuyinyani" ziingcezu zethu zeLego. Ngokudibanisa ezo zingcezu, sakha isigqibo esicinga ukuba sitsha kwaye siyinyani.
Nangona sonke siyisebenzisa yonke imihla le, eneneni le yinkqubo enzima kancinci.
- Abaphandi bafunda oku ukuze baqonde indlela abantu abafunda, abacinga ngayo, nabenza ngayo izigqibo.
- Abantu abafana neengcali zengqondo kunye neengcali zemithambo-luvo nabo bayayiqwalasela le nto xa belinganisa ubuchule bomntu bokuqonda .
- Ezinye iiarhente zengqesho zinokulinganisa olu buchule kwiimvavanyo ezizenzayo ngaphambi kokuba ziqeshe abasebenzi.
Ukukwazi kwakho ukucinga ngendlela enengqondo ngale ndlela kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwingqondo ephilileyo. Ezinye izifo kunye nokwenzakala okuchaphazela ingqondo kunokunciphisa olu buchule. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukuqonda ulwazi nokwenza izigqibo.
Ngaba masijonge eminye imizekelo?
Umzekelo odumileyo woku uvela kwisazi sefilosofi esingumGrike uAristotle.
- Inyani yokuqala: Bonke abantu bayafa. (Le yinyaniso eqhelekileyo esiyaziyo sonke).
- Inqaku lesibini: USocrates yindoda. (Nale yinto esiyaziyo).
- Isiphelo: Ngoko ke, uSocrates uyafa.
Uyaqonda? Ngokudibanisa izinto ezimbini esizaziyo, sifikelele kwisigqibo esiqinisekileyo.
Masithathe umzekelo wokukhanya esithethe ngako ngaphambili.
- Into yokuqala: Ukukhanya okungaphezulu kweli gumbi akusebenzi.
- Ingongoma yesibini: Xa uvula iswitshi, kuvela esinye isibane (oko kuthetha ukuba asiyongxaki ngombane).
- Isiphelo: Ngoko ke, kukho into engalunganga ngokukhanya okungasebenziyo (njengokuba ibhalbhu itshile).
Sisebenzisa le ndlela ukusuka kwizinto ezilula ezifana nezo ukuya ekusombululeni iingxaki ezinzima.
Ingqondo yethu ikwenza njani oku?
Iingcali ze-neuroscientist zisafumanisa ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi kwengqondo xa sicinga ngendlela enengqondo ngale ndlela. Nangona kunjalo, kuyamkelwa ngokubanzi ukuba i-left frontal lobe yengqondo yethu ibandakanyeka kakhulu koku.
Uphando lubonise ukuba iindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-frontal lobe ziyasebenza kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ale nkqubo yokucinga ngengqiqo. Oku kuthetha ukuba oku akuyonto eyenzeka ngaxeshanye, kodwa yinkqubo eyenzeka ngamanyathelo aliqela.
Ngamafutshane, inxalenye engaphambili yengqondo yakho yeyona ndawo iphambili yokucinga okunengqiqo, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina loo ndawo isempilweni.
Ziziphi iimeko zempilo ezinokuchaphazela olu buchule?
Kukho iimeko ezininzi zonyango kunye nezinye izizathu ezinokuchaphazela i-frontal lobe yengqondo yethu, kwaye ngayo, amandla ethu okucinga ngendlela enengqondo. Itheyibhile engezantsi idwelisa ezinye zazo.
| Imeko/Isizathu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Isifo sika-Alzheimer kunye nezinye izifo ezibangela ukonakala kwengqondo | Iimeko apho iiseli zengqondo zitshatyalaliswa kancinci kancinci. |
| Iingxaki zokuqwalaselwa (i-ADHD) | Ubunzima bokugcina ingqalelo kunye nokulawula iminqweno. |
| Izilonda zobuchopho kunye neethumba zobuchopho | Ukonakala kwezicubu zobuchopho okanye ukukhula okungaqhelekanga. |
| Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu | Umonakalo entloko okanye engqondweni ngenxa yengozi. |
| Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo esingaphambili | Uhlobo lwe-dementia oluchaphazela iindawo zangaphambili nezecala lobuchopho. |
| Iimeko zofuzo | Umzekelo sisifo sikaHuntington. |
| Ukukhubazeka kokufunda | Ubunzima bokufunda nokusebenzisa ulwazi. |
| Izifo zengqondo | Iimeko ezichaphazela iimvakalelo, ezifana nokudakumba. |
| Isifo Sokuxhuzula kunye nokuQhaqha | Ukuxhuzula, ingakumbi okuchaphazela i-frontal lobe yengqondo. |
| Iingxaki zokulala | Ukungalali ngokwaneleyo kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwengqondo. |
| Istroke | Ukonakala kweeseli zengqondo ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokunikezelwa kwegazi engqondweni. |
Ngaba ukwaluphala kuyayichaphazela le nto?
Ewe, kunokuba nefuthe elithile. Njengoko sikhula, imizimba yethu iyatshintsha, kwaye neengqondo zethu ziyatshintsha. Umzekelo, i-frontal lobe yengqondo inokuncipha kancinci ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Oku kunokuchaphazela iinkqubo zengqondo ezifana nokucinga okunengqiqo. Kodwa oku akwenzeki kuwo wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo.
Ugqirha uzichonga njani izifo ezinje?
Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba unesifo esichaphazela ubuchule bakho bokucinga ngendlela enengqondo, unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze kuchongwe unobangela ochanekileyo. Ayinguye wonke umntu oya kuzifuna zonke ezi mvavanyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba zeziphi iimvavanyo ezifunekayo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu kunye nemeko yakho.
| Uhlobo lovavanyo | Yintoni evavanya oku? |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lwegazi | Ukujonga ukuba kukho naziphi na izifo, ukungabikho kweevithamini, okanye ezinye iingxaki zamakhemikhali emzimbeni. |
| I-Brain MRI kunye ne-CT scans | Ukubona ukuba kukho naziphi na izakhiwo zobuchopho, iithumba, okanye omnye umonakalo. |
| I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram) | Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kombane kwengqondo. Inceda ekuxilongeni izifo ezifana nesifo sokuwa. |
| Uvavanyo lwengqondo | Ukulinganisa izinto ezifana nenkumbulo, ingqwalasela, ubuchule bolwimi, kunye nobuchule bokusombulula iingxaki. |
| Uvavanyo lwe-neuropsychological | Ukuhlola ngokunzulu imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yobuchopho, kuquka nokucinga okunengqiqo. |
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zezi meko?
Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kwisizathu esibangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo yakho. Ugqirha wakho uza kucwangcisa unyango lwakho ngokusekelwe kweso sizathu. Nazi ezinye zeendlela zonyango ezisetyenziswa kakhulu.
- Ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo: Oku kubandakanya ukuqeqeshwa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ezikunceda wenze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngokulula, njengeendlela zokucwangcisa izinto.
- Unyango Lokuziphatha Olusebenzisa Ingqondo (CBT): Unyango olusekelwe kwintetho olunceda kwizinto ezifana neengxaki zokulala kunye neengxaki zemood.
- Amayeza kunye nonyango lwengqondo: Ezi ndlela zimbini zonyango zihlala zisetyenziswa kunye kwiingxaki zempilo yengqondo.
- Unyango lomsebenzi:Olu nyango lunceda abantu ukuba boyise imingeni yomzimba, yengqondo, neyoluntu abajongene nayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
- Unyango lomzimba: Olu nyango lunceda ukuphucula intshukumo kunye nokusebenza komzimba.
- Unyango lwentetho nolwimi: Lubonelela ngemithambo noqeqesho lokuphucula izakhono zokuthetha nolwimi.
Singenza ntoni ukuze sigcine izakhono zethu zokucinga ngendlela enengqondo zibukhali?
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokugcina amandla akho okucinga kunye nokukwazi kwakho ukuqiqa kukunyamekela ingqondo yakho kakuhle. Kukho imikhwa embalwa elula yokuphila onokuyilandela ukuze wenze oku.
- Nciphisa utywala: Ukuba usela utywala, bunciphise. Ingcebiso kukuba usele iiyunithi ezimbini ngosuku kumadoda kunye neyunithi enye ngosuku kubafazi.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo: Zalisa isitya sakho ngemifuno, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, iiproteni ezingenamafutha (intlanzi, inkukhu, amaqanda), kunye namafutha alungileyo.
- Zilolonge ingqondo yakho: Ukwenza izinto ezifana neephazili zamagama aqhelekileyo, iiphazili zejigsaw, kunye nemidlalo yokukhangela amagama yindlela entle yokugcina ingqondo yakho isebenza. Ukufunda into entsha kukwayindlela entle yokuzivocavoca ingqondo yakho.
- Gcina umzimba wakho usebenza: Ukuzilolonga imihla ngemihla kunceda ukugcina umzimba wakho uphilile, kuquka nengqondo yakho.
- Lala ngokwaneleyo: Zama ukulala kakuhle ubuncinane iiyure ezisi-7-8 ubusuku ngabunye. Kuxa ulele apho ingqondo izilungisa khona.
- Khusela ingqondo: Ungakhusela ingqondo kwiingozi ngokunxiba ibhanti xa ukhwela imoto kwaye unxibe isigcina-ntloko xa udlala imidlalo okanye usenza imisebenzi enobungozi.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kwandisa umngcipheko westroke. Oku kuchaphazela ngqo ukusebenza kwengqondo.
Ekugqibeleni, nanini na xa uqokelela ulwazi, usenza isigqibo, okanye usombulula ingxaki, usebenzisa olu buchule lubizwa ngokuba yi-'Deductive Reasoning.' Yinkqubo yengqondo ebaluleke kakhulu elawulwa yingqondo yethu. Ukugcina ingqondo yakho iphilile kunokunceda ukugcina olu buchule bubukhali.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- `Ukuqiqa ngokuqiqa` yindlela yokucinga enengqondo esiyisebenzisayo yonke imihla, efikelela kwizigqibo ezithile ngokusekelwe kwiinyani eziqhelekileyo esizaziyo.
- Inxalenye engaphambili yengqondo yethu yeyona nto inegalelo elikhulu kolu buchule.
- Olu buchule lunokuphazamiseka ngenxa yezifo ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ingqondo (ezifana ne-Alzheimer's kunye ne-stroke) kunye neengozi.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela ocinga ngayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngalo mba.
- Ukulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, ukulala ngokwaneleyo) kunokukhusela ingqondo kunye nalo mandla okucinga ngendlela enengqondo.
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