Masifunde ngakumbi ngesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ngaba abantu obathandayo banokuba nale meko?

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uyazilibala izinto ezincinci? Njengokuba izitshixo zakho zikuphi, okanye igama lomntu. Kusenokuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, oku kulibala kuba nzima kangangokuba abakwazi nokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Kulapho ke kufuneka sithethe ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-dementia.

Ngamafutshane, i-dementia ayisosifo sithile. Ligama eliquka zonke iintlobo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Siyibiza ngokuba yi-dementia xa ukusebenza kwengqondo yomntu okuhle ngaphambili kuyehla kancinci kancinci ukuya kwinqanaba apho kuba nzima kakhulu kangangokuba kuphazamisana nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba unesifo se-dementia, umntu kufuneka abe nezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Inkumbulo
• Ukuqiqa
• Ulwimi
• Ulungelelaniso
• Isimo sengqondo
• Ukuziphatha

Ngaba isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo nesifo sika-Alzheimer ziyafana? Okanye zimbini?

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba i-dementia kunye nesifo sika-Alzheimer zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Enyanisweni, i-dementia sisixhobo esikhulu, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili. Isifo sika-Alzheimer sesona sizathu siphambili se-dementia phantsi kweso sixhobo. Oko kukuthi, ayinguye wonke umntu onesifo sika-Alzheimer onesifo sengqondo, kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu onesifo sengqondo onesifo sika-Alzheimer. Kusenokubakho ezinye izizathu.

Ngubani ofumana isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo? Sixhaphake kangakanani?

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sidla ngokukhula njengoko sikhula. Ngaba wakha wabona ootatomkhulu noomakhulu bethu belahlekelwa yinkumbulo yabo? Phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-8% yabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala banohlobo oluthile lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Eli nani liphindaphindeka kabini rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Khawucinge nje, xa umntu eneminyaka engama-85 ubudala, mhlawumbi umntu omnye kwabababini uya kuba nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Ngaba ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kusoloko kuthetha ukuba unesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, 'Owu, nam ndiyalibala izinto, ngoko ke ngaba nam ndinesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?' Musa ukoyika. Ukuba nje ulahlekelwe yinkumbulo yakho akuthethi ukuba unesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Kuqhelekile ukuba nokulibala njengoko ezinye ii-neurons ezingqondweni zethu zisifa njengoko sikhula. Kodwa oko akuphazamisi imisebenzi yethu yemihla ngemihla.

I-Dementia ayikokulibala apho uzibeka khona izitshixo zakho. Umntu onesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo unokulibala nokuba enze ntoni ngesitshixo. Nguwo lowo umahluko. I-Dementia ayisiyonto iqhelekileyo yokwaluphala.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

I-Dementia inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili:

1. I-Primary Dementia: Kule meko, i-dementia sesona sifo siphambili.

2. Isifo sengqondo sesibini: Isifo sengqondo esibangelwa sisifo esithile.

3. Iimpawu ezifana ne-dementia eziguqukayo: Ezinye izifo okanye iimeko zinokubangela iimpawu ezifana ne-dementia, kodwa ezi mpawu ziyaphela xa zinyangwa.

Iintlobo ze-Primary Dementia

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer:Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Iintlobo ezimbini zeeproteni ezingaqhelekanga, iiproteni zeTau kunye neeproteni zeAmyloid, ziqokelelana engqondweni. Ezi ziphazamisa unxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni, kwaye iiseli ziqala ukufa. Okokuqala, kukho ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yexesha elifutshane, ukudideka, kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha. Emva koko kukho ubunzima bokuthetha, ukulibala izinto ezindala, kunye nobunzima bokuhamba. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho onalo, unokuba nalo. Phakathi kwama-60% nama-80% abantu abane-dementia banalo olu hlobo.
• I-Vascular dementia: Le yeyona ixhaphakileyo. Ibangelwa kukuvaleka okanye ukonakala kwemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi liye engqondweni (umz., istroke, i-atherosclerosis). Iimpawu ziquka iingxaki zenkumbulo, ukudideka, ubunzima bokugxila, kunye nobunzima bokugqiba imisebenzi. Ingavela ngequbuliso (emva kwestroke enkulu) okanye kancinci kancinci (emva kwestroke ezimbalwa ezincinci). Abantu abanoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu basengozini enkulu.
• I-Lewy body dementia: Kule meko, ii-protein clumps ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Lewy bodies ziqokelelana kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo yobuchopho. Ezi zonakalisa iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Iimpawu ziquka iingxaki zokuhamba komzimba kunye nokulinganisela, utshintsho kwiindlela zokulala, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ubunzima bokucwangcisa nokusombulula iingxaki, kunye nokubona izinto ezingekhoyo .
• I-Frontotemporal dementia (FTD): Oku kubangelwa kukonakala kwe-frontotemporal lobes yengqondo. Kunokubangela ukuziphatha kwabantu, utshintsho lobuntu, ukulahleka kwezakhono zolwimi (ukuthetha, ukuqonda, ukulibala intsingiselo yamagama aqhelekileyo), okanye iingxaki zokulungelelanisa amalungu omzimba. Olu luhlobo lwe-dementia oludla ngokuchaphazela abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-45 ukuya kwengama-64, oko kuthetha ukuba lukhula besebancinci.
• I-Mixed dementia: Olu ludibaniso lweentlobo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ze-dementia. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo sisifo sika-Alzheimer kunye ne-vascular dementia. Luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-80 ubudala. Kunokuba nzima ukuqaphela kuba luhlobo olunye kuphela lwe-dementia olubonakala ngokucacileyo. Iimpawu zivame ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaba bantu kunakubantu abanohlobo olunye kuphela.

I-Secondary Dementia (i-Dementia ebangelwa zezinye izifo kunye neemeko)

• Isifo sikaHuntington: Esi sisifo sengqondo esibangelwa sisiphene semfuza. Sibangela iingxaki ngokulawula intshukumo yomzimba, ukucinga, ukwenza izigqibo, inkumbulo, kunye notshintsho lobuntu.
• Isifo sikaParkinson: Abantu abaninzi abanesifo sikaParkinson baba ne-dementia kumanqanaba okugqibela. Kukho iingxaki zokucinga, ukukhumbula, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, ukudakumba, kunye nobunzima bokuthetha.
• Isifo seWernicke-Korsakoff:Esi sisifo sengqondo esenzeka xa kukho ukunqongophala okukhulu kwe-thiamine (i-vitamin B1). Ukopha kungavela kwiindawo zengqondo ezibandakanyeka kwinkumbulo. Idla ngokubangelwa kukusebenzisa utywala kakhulu.
• Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu: Le meko inokubangelwa kukubethelwa entloko rhoqo. Iimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha zinokubonakala emva kweminyaka.

Iimpawu ezifana ne-dementia eziguqukayo

Ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala ngathi yi-dementia, kodwa isenokuba luphawu lwesinye isifo. Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba, xa sele inyangiwe, iimpawu ezifana ne-dementia ziya kuphela!

• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza athile: Amanye amayeza, anjengeepilisi zokulala kunye nezithambiso zokuthomalalisa, anokubangela iingxaki zokukhumbula.
• Ukunqongophala kweevithamini: Ingakumbi xa i-vitamin B12 incinci.
• Iingxaki ze-thyroid (i-Hypothyroidism).
• Izifo: Izinto ezifana nosulelo lomchamo (UTIs), ingakumbi kubantu abadala.
• I-hydrocephalus yoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo (NPH): Ukuqokelelana kolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF). Oku kunokunyangeka nge-shunt yotyando.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

Kwizigaba zokuqala zesifo, ungabona iimpawu ezinjalo:

• Ukulibala iziganeko zakutshanje nolwazi.
• Ukuphinda/ukubuza izinto ezithethiweyo kunye nemibuzo ebuziweyo.
• Izinto ezisetyenziswa rhoqo azikho okanye zikwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga.
• Ukungaqondi kakuhle inyanga, unyaka, nexesha.
• Kunzima ukufumana amagama afanelekileyo.
• Utshintsho kwindlela ovakalelwa ngayo, indlela oziphatha ngayo, okanye izinto ozithandayo.

Njengoko imeko isiya isiba mandundu, iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Inkumbulo kunye nokukwazi ukwenza izigqibo kuyehla ngakumbi.
• Kuya kusiba nzima ukuthetha, ukufumana amagama afanelekileyo.
• Nemisebenzi elula yemihla ngemihla efana nokuxukuxa amazinyo, ukwenza ikofu, ukusebenzisa i-remote yeTV, kunye nokuhlawula amatyala iba nzima.
• Izakhono zokucinga ngengqiqo, ukuziphatha, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ziyancipha.
• Iindlela zokulala ziyatshintsha.
• Ixhala, ukukhungatheka, ukudideka, ukungazinzi, amathandabuzo, usizi kunye nokudakumba kuyanda.
• Ukufuna uncedo ngemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (ukunxiba, ukuhlamba, ukutya)
• Ucinga izinto ezingekhoyo ngokwenene.

Zithini izizathu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

Ngamafutshane, i-dementia ibangelwa kukonakala kwengqondo yakho. Lo monakalo uthintela iiseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni yakho ukuba zinganxibelelani. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya engqondweni kuyancitshiswa, kubangele ukuba ingafumani oksijini kunye nezondlo, kwaye izicubu zengqondo zinokufa.

Ifunyaniswa njani isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

Ukufumanisa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunokuba nzima kuba iimpawu ziyafana nezinye izifo ezininzi. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Ndibuza ngeempawu zakho.
• Ndibuza ngesigulo sakho sakudala.
• Ndiza kujonga amayeza owasebenzisayo ngoku.
• Ndiyazibuza ukuba kukho umntu onesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kusapho lwakhe.

Ukongeza, uvavanyo lwegazi, iiskeni zobuchopho (iimvavanyo zomfanekiso) ezifana ne-`(computed tomography - CT)`, `(Magnetic resonance imaging - MRI)`, kwaye mhlawumbi `(FDG-PET scan)`, kunye neemvavanyo ze-neurocognitive ezilinganisa amandla akho okucinga zinokwenziwa. Ungadinga uncedo lwengcali yezengqondo.

Ngaba kukho unyango lwe-dementia?

Apha, kufuneka siqonde amagama athi 'iyanyangeka', 'iyaguqulwa', kunye 'iyanyangeka ngokupheleleyo'.

Iintlobo ezininzi zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zinamayeza okunceda ukulawula iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweentlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo azinakuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo okanye ziguqulwe. Unyango lunika isiqabu esithile kuphela.

Nangona kunjalo, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ezinye iimeko ezifana ne-dementia (umz., ukunqongophala kweevithamini, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza athile, iingxaki ze-thyroid) zinokunyangwa kwaye zinyangeke ngokupheleleyo.

Kwiintlobo ezinganyangekiyo zesifo sengqondo esingapheliyo (umz. isifo sika-Alzheimer, isifo sengqondo esingapheliyo semithambo yegazi), kukho amayeza okulawula ukulahleka kwenkumbulo kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha. Umzekelo, kusetyenziswa amayeza okuthintela i-cholinesterase (afana ne-donepezil (Aricept®) kunye ne-rivastigmine (Exelon®)) kunye ne-NMDA receptor antagonist memantine (Namenda®). Amayeza amatsha afana ne-anti-amyloid antibody aducanumab (Aduhelm®) nawo ayafumaneka. Nangona la mayeza engenakuyiphelisa ngokupheleleyo le sifo, anokunciphisa isantya esiba mandundu ngaso.

Iingxaki ezibangelwa yi-dementia

Ezinye zeengxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zezi:

• Ukunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nokungondleki kakuhle.
• Izilonda zebhedi (izilonda zoxinzelelo).
• Ukwenzakala kunye nokuqhekeka ngenxa yokuwa.
• Izibetho.
• I-pneumonia kunye ne-aspiration pneumonia.
• I-Sepsis (ukusasazeka kosulelo emzimbeni wonke).

Bunjani ubomi xa une-dementia?

Ukufunyaniswa une-dementia yinto ebuhlungu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha onokuphila ngalo nale meko liyahluka kumntu nomntu. Abanye abantu baphila iminyaka emalunga nesi-8 benohlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-dementia, njengesifo sika-Alzheimer, ngelixa abanye bephila iminyaka efikelela kuma-20. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukugcina umgangatho wobomi besigulana. Abaphandi basaphanda ngesi sifo kunye neendlela zokusilawula.

Ngaba isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo singathintelwa?

Nangona i-dementia ingenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, indlela yokuphila esempilweni inokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana ezinye iintlobo ze-dementia.

• Yeka ukutshaya.
• Landela ukutya okulungileyo (umz. ukutya kwaseMeditera - imifuno emininzi, iziqhamo, iintlanzi, iinkozo, ioyile yomnquma, inyama ebomvu encinci).
• Zilolonge. Ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 phantse yonke imihla yeveki.
• Gcina ingqondo yakho isebenza. Sombulula iiphazili, dlala imidlalo yamagama. Ezi zinokulibazisa ukuqala kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.
• Yiba nobudlelwane nabanye abantu. Thetha kwaye unxulumane nabanye abantu.

Izinto ezonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo

• Ubudala: Eyona nto iphambili. Umngcipheko uyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ichaphazela kakhulu abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Imbali yosapho: Ukuba abazali bakho okanye abantakwenu banayo, nawe usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nayo.
• I-Down syndrome: Abantu abane-Down syndrome basengozini yokufumana isifo se-Alzheimer kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka ephakathi.
• Impilo embi yentliziyo: Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-atherosclerosis, okanye ukutshaya kwandisa umngcipheko wakho we-dementia. Ezi ngxaki zempilo, njengesifo seswekile, zichaphazela imithambo yegazi yakho. Imithambo yegazi eyonakeleyo inokunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwaye ikhokelele kwi-stroke.
• Ukulimala entloko kakhulu (Ukulimala entloko): Ukuba ukhe wenzakala entloko kakhulu, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba ne-dementia.

Udinga nini ukubona ugqirha?

Bona ugqirha ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwezi:

• Utshintsho kwimemori yakho.
• Utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwengqondo yakho.
• Utshintsho kwindlela okwazi ngayo ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
• Utshintsho kwindlela oziphatha ngayo.
• Utshintsho kubuntu bakho.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo siba sibi kakhulu?

Ngelishwa, iintlobo ezininzi zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ziba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Xa ingqondo ingafumani izondlo kunye neoksijini eyidingayo, okanye xa iiproteni "ezingenamsebenzi" ezifana neeproteni zithintela unxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni, izicubu zengqondo ziqala ukufa.

Isifo sika-Alzheimer kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-dementia zihlala ziqala ngokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kunye nokusilela okuncinci ekwenzeni izigqibo - into onokuphila nayo okwethutyana. Njengoko ukusebenza kwengqondo kusiba mandundu ngakumbi, imisebenzi ebalulekileyo iqala ukuchaphazeleka. Oku kuquka ukuphefumla, ukugaya ukutya, isantya sentliziyo, kunye nokulala.

Kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-dementia, umzimba awukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi efunekayo ukuze uhlale uphila. Ngenxa yokonakala kwengqondo kunye nobuthathaka bemisipha, neentshukumo ezilula nezifunekayo azinakwenzeka. Ngaphandle koncedo, abantu abakwazi ukuthetha, ukuhamba, ukulawula isinyi sabo kunye namathumbu, ukutya, ukuhlafuna, okanye ukuginya ukutya.

Xa ungakwazi ukuzinyamekela, ukuhambahamba, ukufumana amanzi aneleyo nokutya, kwaye uzive udandathekile, unokuba sengozini yokufumana ezinye izifo. I-pneumonia sisifo esiqhelekileyo kubantu abane-dementia. Umzimba obuthathaka usenokungakwazi ukulwa nezifo okanye ukufumana amayeza. Intlungu kunye nokungonwabi kwesigulana kunokuba kukhulu kuneendlela zonyango ezinokubonelela ngoncedo lwexesha elifutshane kuphela.

Okwangoku, iintsapho ezininzi zikhetha unyango lwe-hospice de kube sekupheleni kobomi. Unyango lwe-hospice lunika intuthuzelo kwaye lugxile kumgangatho wobomi kunokwandisa ubomi. Abantu abaninzi abafa ngenxa yeemeko ezinxulumene ne-dementia abanalo olu lwazi kwisatifikethi sabo sokufa. Oku kungenxa yokuba ingxaki abafa ngayo - umzekelo, i-pneumonia - idwelisiwe endaweni yoko. Esinye isizathu sinokuba kukuba abantu abaninzi abafumani ngqwalasela ngokusesikweni ukuba bane-dementia ngaphambi kokuba bafe.

Ngaba kukho amanqanaba e-dementia?

Nangona kungekho luhlu luthile lwe-dementia, kukho amanqanaba amathathu olona hlobo luqhelekileyo, isifo sika-Alzheimer. Ezi mpawu ziqhelekile kwiintlobo ezininzi ze-dementia.

Inqanaba Lokuqala (Inqanaba Eliphantsi)

Ngeli xesha, basenokwenza izinto bodwa. Basenokuqhuba imoto, baye emsebenzini, baze badibane nabantu. Kukho utshintsho olunokuthi lungabonakali kumntu onesifo sika-Alzheimer, kodwa abahlobo abasondeleyo kunye nosapho banokuphawula.

Ubunzima bunokuba ngolu hlobo:

• Emva kokwazisa umntu, bayalibala igama lakhe.
• Izinto ezininzi azikho okanye zilahlekile.
• Kusoloko kunzima ukufumana amagama afanelekileyo.
• Ubunzima bokucwangcisa, ukuhlela, ukulawula, okanye ukugqiba imisebenzi.
• Ndisoloko ndilibala oko ndikufundayo.

Inqanaba Eliphakathi

Abantu abakwisigaba esiphakathi sesifo sika-Alzheimer banokuhlala kweli nqanaba iminyaka emininzi. Banokuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngoncedo. Iimpawu ngoku zicacile.

Ubunzima bunokuba ngolu hlobo:

• Ndididekile ukuba ingaba loluphi unyaka/ixesha kwaye likuphi.
• Ukulibala iziganeko, ukungakwazi ukukhumbula iinkcukacha zobuqu (inombolo yefowuni, idilesi, isikolo ofunde kuso).
• Utshintsho kubuntu, kwimo yengqondo nakwindlela yokuziphatha, umzekelo, ukurhanela, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, nokuphinda-phinda izinto ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
• Iipateni zokulala emini/ebusuku ziyatshintsha.
• Ubunzima bokulawula umchamo kunye/okanye isitulo.
• Ukunxiba iimpahla ezingafanelanga ixesha okanye isiganeko.
• Ukuhambahamba uze ulahleke.

Inqanaba Elinzima

Abantu abakwinqanaba lokugqibela lesifo sika-Alzheimer abakwazi ukuthetha, abazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kufutshane nabo, kwaye abakwazi ukulawula iintshukumo zomzimba wabo.

Ubunzima bunokuba ngolu hlobo:

• Kunzima ukuthetha, mhlawumbi amagama okanye amabinzana ambalwa kuphela.
• Kunzima ukuhamba.
• Kunzima ukuginya.
• Kulula ukungenwa zizifo, ingakumbi i-pneumonia.
• Badinga ukunyanyekelwa iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku.

Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunokukunceda wena nosapho lwakho nihlangane ukuze nenze izicwangciso zobomi obunentsingiselo. Kunokukunceda nokuba ulungiselele izicwangciso zakho zomthetho, zezimali, kunye nezempilo kunye neminqweno yakho. Iqela lakho lezonyango, oogqirha, abasebenzi bezentlalo, abasebenzi be-hospice, kunye neenkokheli zonqulo bakulungele ukubonelela ngemfundo, inkxaso, kunye nokunyamekela wena okanye umntu omthandayo. Kwakhona, buza iqela lakho malunga namaqela enkxaso yengqondo kwindawo okuyo. Amaqela enkxaso anokuba yindawo entle yokwabelana ngeengcebiso zokhathalelo, ufumane intuthuzelo, kwaye wazi ukuba awuwedwa.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sisifo esinzulu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukusazi kwangethuba. Oku kuya kukunceda wena nosapho lwakho ukuba nenze izicwangciso ezifunekayo, kwaye ninyamekele imiba yezomthetho, yezemali neyezempilo. Iqela lakho lezonyango, abasebenzi bezentlalo kunye nabanye bonke bakulungele ukukunceda. Ukunyamekela umntu onesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo akulula, ngoko ungaze ungathandabuzi ukucela uncedo nenkxaso. Khumbula, awuwedwa.

I- Dementia, i-Alzheimer's, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, impilo yengqondo, ukwaluphala, ukuwohloka kwengqondo, ukulibala