Ngaba nawe unengxaki yokubona kufutshane emva kokuba uneminyaka engama-40 ubudala? Masithethe ngePresbyopia!

Ngaba nawe ukufumanisa kunzima ukujonga iphephandaba, ukufunda incwadi, okanye ukubona umbhalo omncinci kwifowuni yakho? Mhlawumbi kufuneka ubambe incwadi mgama ukuze uyifunde? Okanye ngaba amehlo akho ayabuhlungu kwaye uzive udiniwe xa usenza umsebenzi osondeleyo? Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kungenxa yemeko esithetha ngayo namhlanje (iPresbyopia). Asinto yokoyika, asiyosifo, yinto eyenzeka kubantu abaninzi njengoko bekhula.

Yintoni iPresbyopia? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, i-presbyopia kukulahlekelwa kancinci kancinci kwamandla akho okugxila ngokucacileyo kwizinto ezikufutshane nawe njengoko ukhula. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ilensi yendalo engaphakathi kwamehlo ethu ilahlekelwa bukuguquguquka kwayo njengoko sikhula.

I-Presbyopia idla ngokuqala xa uneminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Ingaqhubeka isiba mandundu ide ifikelele kwiminyaka engama-60-65 ubudala. Ungafumanisa ukuba ukwenza imisebenzi esondeleyo efana nokufunda incwadi okanye iphephandaba okanye ukufaka inaliti kuba nzima ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Kwabanye abantu, oku kunokubangela iintloko ezibuhlungu, ukuxinana kwamehlo, kunye nokudinwa kwamehlo.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, iPresbyopia ayisosifo. Yinto yendalo yokwaluphala. Kanye njengokuba iinwele zethu zijika zibe ngwevu. Yimpazamo yokujonga emehlweni, nto leyo etshintsha kancinci indlela ukukhanya okujoliswe ngayo ngaphakathi kweliso. Eyona nto ingcono kukuba ingalungiswa ngokulula ngeeglasi, iilensi zoqhagamshelwano, okanye utyando.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko (iPresbyopia)?

I-Presbyopia yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu. Asinguwe wedwa, zizigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela. Ukusukela ngo-2015, malunga ne-1.8 yezigidigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela babene-presbyopia. Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba ngo-2030, eli nani liza kufikelela kwi-2.1 yeebhiliyoni. Ngoko ke ungabona ukuba oku kuxhaphake kangakanani.

Zithini iimpawu ze-presbyopia? Jonga ukuba nawe unazo ezi!

Jonga uze ubone ukuba unazo na ezi mpawu:

• Ukufuna ukukhanya okungakumbi ukuze ufunde: Ngaba uziva ngathi ngoku udinga ukukhanya okungakumbi ukuze ufunde izinto obuzifunda ngokukhanya okuqhelekileyo?
• Umbono ofipheleyo xa ufunda kumgama oqhelekileyo: Ngaba umbhalo awucaci xa ubambe iphephandaba okanye incwadi ngendlela eqhelekileyo?
• Ukubamba izinto ozifundayo umgama: Le yinto engaqhelekanga kubantu abaninzi. Ngaba kufuneka ubambe ifowuni yakho okanye ubhukishe umgama ongako?
• Intloko ebuhlungu xa usenza umsebenzi osondeleyo: Ngaba uphathwa ziintloko emva kokufunda incwadi okanye ukuthunga into ethile?
• Ukukhathazwa kwamehlo: Ngaba amehlo akho abuhlungu, uzive ngathi atsalwa ngaphakathi, okanye uzive ediniwe?

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa ye-presbyopia.

Kutheni sifumana i-presbyopia? Yintoni unobangela?

Isizathu esiphambili sokuphuhliswa kwe-presbyopia lutshintsho olwenzeka emehlweni ethu njengoko sikhula. Xa sisebancinci, oko kukuthi, kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala yobomi, ilensi engaphakathi kwamehlo ethu ithambile kakhulu kwaye iguquguquka. Xa ujonga into ekude uze ngequbuliso ujonge into ekufutshane, le lensi inokutshintsha imo yayo ngokukhawuleza. Sikwabiza olu buchule ngokuthi "indawo yokuhlala". Oku kungenxa yoku, imisebe yokukhanya iwela ngqo kwi-"retina" kwaye sibona ngokucacileyo.

Cinga ngeliso lakho njengekhamera. Ilensi yekhamera inokugxila ngokuzenzekelayo kwizinto ezikufutshane nakwizinto ezikude. Ilensi yeliso lethu, kunye nenxalenye ecacileyo yomphambili weliso ebizwa ngokuba yi-cornea, inika lo mbono ucacileyo. Ukuze uqonde i-presbyopia, kuyanceda ukwazi okuncinci ngale nkqubo:

1. I-cornea igoba ngokwendalo njengoko ukukhanya kungena elisweni.

2. Emva koko, umsipha omncinci omile okwesangqa ojikeleze ilensi uyafinyela okanye uphumle. Esi senzo sitshintsha imo yelensi kwaye sivumela izinto ezikufutshane okanye ezikude ukuba zigxile. Ukuba into ikude, umsipha uyaphumla. Ukuba ikufutshane, umsipha uyafinyela.

3. Ukukhanya kuwela kwi-retina. Le yi-membrane ngasemva kweliso . Yile nto iguqula ukukhanya kube ziimpawu zombane.

4. Umthambo we-optic uthwala ezi mpawu uzise engqondweni. Kulapho ke sibona khona umfanekiso.

Njengoko sikhula, ilensi yamehlo ethu iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Njengetswele, kongezwa iilensi ezintsha zeeseli. Oku kubangela ukuba ilensi ityebe kwaye ilahlekelwe bukuguquguquka kwayo. Ngenxa yoko, ukukhanya akujoliswanga kakuhle kwi-retina. Kulapho izinto ezikufutshane nathi ziqala ukubonakala zingacacanga. Le yeyona nto ibangela i-presbyopia.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-presbyopia?

Eyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko kukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 ubudala . Nangona kunjalo, amanye amayeza nezifo zinokubangela i-presbyopia kubantu abangaphantsi kwama-40. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-"presbyopia yangaphambi kwexesha" okanye ``presbyopia yangaphambi kwexesha''.

Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-presbyopia ziquka:

• Ukuba nombono obonakalayo kude (i-Hyperopia).
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile. Umzekelo, ii-antihistamines ze-allergies kunye ne-antidepressants ze-depression.
• Ukuba nezifo ezithile. Imizekelo: Isifo seswekile, iMultiple Sclerosis (MS), isifo sentliziyo.

Uyazi njani ukuba une-presbyopia?

Ingcali yamehlo, oko kukuthi, ugqirha ochwephesha emehlweni, unokuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo i-presbyopia ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo.

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yolu vavanyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-"refraction assessment." Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ukuba ubona kakuhle kangakanani kumgama owahlukileyo. Olu vavanyo lunokuxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba une-presbyopia, ezinye iingxaki zokubona ezifana ne-astigmatism, i-nearsightness (Myopia) okanye i-farse-openingness (Hyperopia).

Zithini iindlela zonyango lwe-presbyopia?

Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho yempilo, indlela ophila ngayo, kunye nezinto ozithandayo, ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokucebisa enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Iiglasi zamehlo
• Iilensi zokujonga
• Utyando
• Amaconsi amehlo

Makhe sithethe ngesinye kwezi nkcukacha zithe vetshe.

Iiglasi zamehlo

Nokuba ukhe wasebenzisa iiglasi xa unengxaki yokubona ngaphambili, ngoku lixesha lokuba utshintshele kolunye uhlobo lweeglasi olukhululekileyo olufanela amehlo akho atshintshayo. Nazi ezinye iindlela onokukhetha kuzo:

• Iiglasi zokufunda / Abafundi: Ezi zilungele abantu abangaboni kakuhle (iMyopia), ababona kude (iHyperopia), okanye abane-astigmatism. Ungathenga iiReaders kwikhawuntara kwikhemesti. Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba yeyiphi amandla okukhulisa afanelekileyo kuwe. Okanye, ungafumana iiglasi zokufunda ezibhalwe ngugqirha ezenzelwe ukuba zilingane namehlo omabini.
• IiBifocals: Ezi glasi, ezidla ngokunikwa i-presbyopia, zinemiyalelo emibini kwilensi enye. Inxalenye ephezulu yelensi inceda ekuboneni umgama, kwaye inxalenye encinci engezantsi inceda ekuboneni kufutshane.
• IiTrifocals: Ezi zineelensi ezintathu: enye yokujonga kufutshane, enye yokujonga okuphakathi (malunga neenyawo ezintathu ukusuka apha), kunye nenye yokujonga okukude.
• Iiprogressives: Ezi ziilensi ezininzi, njengee-bifocals. Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho ukusuka kwenye imithi ukuya kwenye luhamba kancinci kancinci. Abantu abaninzi bakhetha iiprogressives kuba abayithandi imigca kwiiglasi zabo.
• Iiglasi ezisetyenziswa eofisini: Ezi glasi zenzelwe ukusebenza kufutshane eofisini. Oko kuthetha ukusebenza kwikhompyutha, ukubhala, njl. Xa uvuka edesikeni yakho, kufuneka uzithathe ukuze uzibonele kude.

Iilensi zokujonga

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-contact lens ezinokukunceda ubone ngcono ukuba une-presbyopia. Khetha uhlobo lwelensi olukunceda ubone kakuhle:

• Iilensi zoqhagamshelwano zeBifocal: Ilensi yokwenyani ethi ``bifocal`` inceda kwiindawo ezimbini ezijolisiweyo, ezidla ngokuba kufutshane nakude. Ziza ngohlobo oluthi ``soft``` okanye ``gas-permeable```.
• Iilensi zoqhagamshelwano ezininzi:Iilensi ze-``Multifocal`` zifana neelensi ze-``Bifocal```, kwaye la magama mabini adla ngokusetyenziswa ngokutshintshana. Nangona kunjalo, ilensi ye-``Multifocal``` ingabandakanya iindawo ezingaphezulu kwezibini ezijolisiweyo, oko kuthetha indawo ephakathi malunga neenyawo ezintathu ukusuka apho. Ezi nazo ziza ngeentlobo ezithambileyo neziqinileyo.
• Iilensi zoqhagamshelwano zeMonovision: Kwiseti yelensi ethi "Monovision", ilensi ekwelinye iliso ikunceda ubone kude, ngelixa ilensi ekwelinye iliso ikunceda ubone kufutshane. Ingqondo yakho iya kuqhelana nale nkqubo kancinci kancinci, kodwa kungathatha malunga neeveki ezimbini ukuba ukhululeke kuyo.
• Iilensi zoqhagamshelwano ze-monovision eziguquliweyo: Kule ndlela, unxiba ilensi yokubona kufutshane okanye kude kwelinye iliso, kunye nelensi "ye-multifocal" kuyo yonke imigama kwelinye iliso.

Utyando

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba uza kutyandwa na, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nempilo yamehlo akho, imbali yezonyango zosapho, kunye nendlela ophila ngayo. Kwabo basebenzisa kuphela `(Abafundi)`, iingozi zotyando zinokuba ngaphezulu kweenzuzo.

Ezi nkqubo zintathu zelaser zilungisa i-presbyopia kusetyenziswa indlela ye-monovision (elinye iliso likude, elinye iliso likufutshane):

• Utyando lweLASIK: ``Laser in-situ keratomileusis / LASIK'' yindlela yotyando ethandwayo esetyenziselwa ukulungisa umbono kubantu abanengxaki yokubona kufutshane (Myopia), ukubona kude (Hyperopia), okanye i-astigmatism.
• Utyando lwe-PRK: Ukuba unezinga eliphakathi okanye eliphezulu lokubona kufutshane (Myopia), ukubona kude (Hyperopia) kunye/okanye i-astigmatism, utyando lwe-Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) lunokuba lukhetho olufanelekileyo.
• Utyando lwe-SMILE: Kutyando lwe-`(Small-incision lenticule extraction / SMILE)`, ugqirha usebenzisa umqadi we-laser ocolekileyo kakhulu ukwenza isiqwenga sethishu esifana nediski ngaphakathi kwi-cornea yakho aze asisuse nge-incision encinci.

Amaconsi amehlo e-presbyopia

Amaconsi amehlo lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwabanye abantu abane-presbyopia. Amaconsi amehlo aqulethe i-pilocarpine (njengeVuity®) anciphisa umfundi wakho, onyusa ubunzulu bokugxila kwakho kwaye aphucule umbono wakho okufutshane. La ngamaconsi amehlo okuqala avunyiweyo yi-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kwi-presbyopia. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo kukubomvu kunye nentloko ebuhlungu. Usenokuba nobunzima bokubona ebusuku.

Ezinye izifundo zifumanise unxibelelwano phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwala mathontsi eliso kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-retinal. Ukuba ukhe waba nale meko ngaphambili, okanye ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela loo nto, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba olu nyango lukulungele na kunye neengozi zalo.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba une-presbyopia?

Thetha nogqirha wakho wamehlo malunga neempawu zakho kunye nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Angakunceda ufumane ezona ndlela zonyango zilungileyo kuwe. Kusenokufuneka uzame iindlela ezahlukeneyo de ufumane enye esebenza kakuhle kwiimfuno zakho kunye nendlela ophila ngayo.

Ngaba singayithintela iPresbyopia?

Ngelishwa, i-presbyopia yinxalenye yendalo yokwaluphala, ngoko ke ayinakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Kanye njengokuba singenakuyekisa ukwaluphala, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukukhusela impilo yamehlo akho. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso:

• Nxiba iiglasi zelanga ukuze ukhusele amehlo akho kwimitha ye-UV eyingozi.
• Yitya ukutya okunezondlo ezilungileyo kwimpilo yamehlo, ingakumbi ukutya okunevithamini A, ivithamini C, ivithamini E, kunye ne-lutein.
• Qaphela i-computer vision syndrome kwaye wenze utshintsho kwimisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla ukuze unciphise ukuxinezeleka kwamehlo.

Ndingalufuna nini uncedo lwezonyango?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-presbyopia, okanye ukuba unezinye iingxaki ngokubona kwakho, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wamehlo. Ukubona okufipheleyo kunokuba luphawu lwezinye izifo ezininzi. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba amehlo akho ahlolwe yingcali ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba yintoni kanye kanye imbangela.

Nokuba awunazo iimpawu, licebo elihle ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho kunye nombono wakho rhoqo. Ukuba kufuneka uhlolwe amehlo akho kangaphi kuxhomekeka kwiminyaka yakho, impilo yamehlo, kunye nazo naziphi na iimeko zempilo onokuba nazo. Uninzi lwabantu abadala lufuna ukuvavanywa kwamehlo rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini. Buza ugqirha wakho wamehlo ukuba leliphi ixesha elifanelekileyo kuwe.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe (Presbyopia) kunye ne (Hyperopia) (ukubona kude)?

Zombini i-presbyopia kunye ne-hyperopia ziimpazamo zokuchasana nezimvo ezibangela ukuba izinto ezikufutshane zibonakale zingacacanga. Oko kukuthi, iimpazamo ekugxileni ekukhanyeni. Nangona kunjalo, izizathu ezisisiseko zezi zimbini zahlukile.

• I-Presbyopia yenzeka kuba ilensi yeliso lakho ilahlekelwa bububhetyebhetye bayo.
• I-Hyperopia yenzeka kuba iliso lakho lincinci kakhulu, okanye i-cornea yakho ithe tyaba kakhulu.

Ngamafutshane, kunzima ukubona zombini ezi zinto, ngenxa yezizathu ezibini.

Ngaba iPresbyopia kunye neMyopia zinokwenzeka kunye?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo kunokwenzeka. Kwaye kuqhelekile kakhulu. I-Myopia yimeko apho amehlo akho egxile kakhulu ngokwemvelo. Ngoko ke, nangona izinto ezikufutshane zibonakala zicacile, izinto ezikude zibonakala zingabonakali.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba une-Myopia kwaye uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 ubudala, ungaqala ukuziva iziphumo zePresbyopia nokuba unxibe iiglasi okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana. Ungakhathazeki, ugqirha wakho wamehlo angalungisa ummiselo welensi yakho ukuze ulungele zombini iPresbyopia kunye neMyopia.

I-Presbyopia yinxalenye eqhelekileyo yokwaluphala. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba kufuneka ulinde ide ichaphazele imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla. Ukuba ubona izinto ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezinye izinto ezikukhathazayo emehlweni, bonana nogqirha wamehlo ngoko nangoko. I-Presbyopia ayisosifo, kodwa iimpawu zayo zinokufana nezo zeemeko ezinzulu ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kukwazi ukufumanisa ingxaki aze akunike unyango olufunayo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, masiphinde sichaze ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• I-Presbyopia kukulahlekelwa yimbono ekufutshane emva kweminyaka engama-40. Esi asisosifo, kodwa sisiphumo selensi yeliso eba yinto eguquguqukayo njengoko sikhula.
• Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukubamba iphephandaba okanye incwadi ukude, kufuna ukukhanya okungakumbi, kunye nentloko ebuhlungu.
• Oku kuqhelekile kakhulu. Asinguwe wedwa, abantu abaninzi ehlabathini banale nto.
• Eyona nto ingcono kukuba kukho izisombululo ezilula koku. Le meko ingalawulwa ngeeglasi, iilensi zokunxibelelana, mhlawumbi notyando okanye amaconsi emehlweni.
• Ukuba unale mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha wamehlo. Baza kukukhetha isisombululo esifanelekileyo kuwe.
• Lumka amehlo akho. Yitya kakuhle, nxiba iiglasi zelanga, kwaye uhlolwe amehlo akho rhoqo.

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyiqonda ngcono (iPresbyopia). Ungayamkela le nto njengenxalenye yobomi bakho, uthathe amanyathelo okhuseleko afunekayo, kwaye uqhubeke nomsebenzi wakho ngokukhululeka!

I - Presbyopia, ukubona izinto ezikufutshane, i-presbyopia, iiglasi zamehlo, iilensi zoqhagamshelwano, impilo yamehlo, ukukhubazeka kokubona