Ukuba unesifo seswekile, mhlawumbi uyazi ukuba kufuneka ukhathalele amehlo akho ngokukodwa. Kodwa kutheni usitsho njalo? Isifo seswekile singawonakalisa njani umbono wakho? Yiloo nto sithetha ngayo namhlanje. Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-diabetic retinopathy . Le yenye yeengxaki eziphambili ezihambisana nesifo seswekile. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.
Yintoni i-Diabetic Retinopathy?
Ngamafutshane, le yimeko echaphazela amehlo ngenxa yesifo seswekile. Ngasemva kwamehlo ethu kukho inwebu ethambileyo nebalulekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-retina . Ifana nefilimu ekwikhamera. Kulapho ukukhanya kwezinto esizibonayo kuguqulwa khona kube yimifanekiso. Ngoko ke ukugcina le retina isempilweni, inemithambo yegazi ethambileyo kakhulu eyinika igazi.
Xa umntu onesifo seswekile enamazinga aphezulu eswekile egazini angalawulekiyo ixesha elide, le mithambo yegazi mincinci iyonakala. Iyadumba, ivuza ulwelo okanye igazi, okanye ivaleke ngokupheleleyo. Le yimeko esiyibiza ngokuba yi-diabetesic retinopathy.
Oku kudla ngokuchaphazela amehlo omabini. Ukuba akunyangelwanga kakuhle, i-retina inokuba nezibazi, ilahlekelwe kancinci kancinci kukubona, ize ekugqibeleni ikhokelele ekubeni yimfama ngokupheleleyo . Le meko yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukulahleka kokubona kubantu abanesifo seswekile.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili zesi sifo?
Singathetha ngesi sifo ngamanqanaba amabini aphambili: inqanaba lokuqala kunye nenqanaba elinzima elivela xa isifo siba sibi kakhulu.
Inqanaba lokuqala (i-Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy - NPDR)
Eli linqanaba lokuqala lesi sifo. Okwenzekayo koku kukuba ulwelo okanye igazi elincinci liphuma kwimithambo yegazi emincinci kwi-retina endikhankanyileyo ngaphambili. Oku kunokubangela ukuba i-retina idumbe. Ngamanye amaxesha le mithambo yegazi idumbe ize yenze amaqhuma amancinci afana neebhaluni (ii-microaneurysms).
Okwangoku, usenokungawuboni umahluko omkhulu ekuboneni kwakho. Umbono wakho usenokuba lufifi kancinci. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, olu tshintsho luqatshelwa ngugqirha wakho wamehlo ngexesha lovavanyo lwamehlo lonyaka.
Imeko enzima okanye enzima (i-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy - PDR)
Eli lelona nqanaba liyingozi kakhulu lesi sifo. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba xa imithambo yegazi emidala ivalekile, imithambo yegazi emitsha, kodwa engaqhelekanga, ebuthathaka iqala ukwakheka ngaphakathi kweliso. Ngenxa yokuba le mithambo yegazi emitsha ayidalwanga kakuhle, ibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye iqhuma lula.
Xa ezi ziqhuma, igazi livuza kwi-substance efana nejeli ngaphakathi kweliso (vitreous humor). Ukuba ukopha kuncinci, ungabona amachaphaza amancinci amnyama okanye izinto ezifana nomsonto zintanta phambi kwamehlo akho (iifloaters).Ungabona. Kodwa ukuba ukopha kukhulu, ungaphulukana nokubona kwakho ngokupheleleyo ngequbuliso.
Izicwili zesikhumba ziyakheka zijikeleze le mithambo yegazi mitsha. Xa le mithambo yegazi incipha, inokubangela ukuba i-retina isuke ngasemva kweliso (i-retinal detachment) . Le mithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga inokunyusa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso, nto leyo ebangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -glaucoma .
Ngaba nawe unazo ezi mpawu?
Abantu abaninzi basenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu kwisigaba sokuqala sesi sifo. Yiyo loo nto siyingozi kangaka. Kodwa njengoko imeko isiba mandundu, unokufumana izinto ezifana nezi:
- Umbono ofipheleyo.
- Umbono uyacaca, uze utshintshe ubuye ubuye ngokungathi awubonakali kwakhona.
- Iifloaters zibonakala ngathi ziindawo ezimnyama okanye imisonto edada phambi kwamehlo.
- Ukubona izithuba okanye amabala amnyama phakathi kwembono yakho.
- Ukungakwazi ukubona imibala ngokufanelekileyo.
- Ukungaboni kakuhle ebusuku.
- Ubunzima bokufunda iincwadi nokubona kude.
- Mhlawumbi ukuziva intlungu okanye uxinzelelo emehlweni.
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo?
Eyona nto iphambili kukuba ukuba unesifo seswekile, nokuba sisifo sohlobo 1, uhlobo 2, okanye isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa , usemngciphekweni wokufumana esi sifo. Okukhona unesifo seswekile ixesha elide, kokukhona umngcipheko wakho uphezulu.
Ukongeza, ezi zinto zonyusa umngcipheko:
- Igazi elonyukayo
- I-cholesterol ephezulu
- Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba
- Ukukhulelwa
- Ukutyeba kakhulu
- Isifo sezintso
- I-genetics
| Uxilongo | Unyango |
|---|---|
| Ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokuxilonga esi sifo ngexesha lovavanyo lwamehlo oluqhelekileyo. Uza kuvula i-pupil aze ajonge ngaphakathi kweliso. | Indlela yonyango iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lesifo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zonyango. |
| Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yiFluorescein Angiogram lunokuchonga indawo echanekileyo yokuvuza kwimithambo yegazi. | Iinaliti ze-Anti-VEGF: Inaliti ekhethekileyo ifakwa elisweni. Oku kuyayekisa ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga. (Umzekelo: Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab) |
| Iskeni ebizwa ngokuba yi -Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) ijonga ubukhulu be-retina kunye nokuba kukho ulwelo oluqokeleleneyo na. | Utyando lweLaser: Imisebe yelaser isetyenziselwa "ukuvala" imithambo yegazi evuzayo. |
| Utyando lweVitrectomy: Ukuba igazi lingena ngaphakathi kweliso lize libangele ukulahleka kokubona, olu tyando lwenziwa ukuze kususwe igazi. |
Singazikhusela njani kule meko iyingozi?
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzikhusele kwesi sifo.
- Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Gcina iswekile yakho yegazi kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi lulawulwa. Sebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukuze wenze oku. Sela amayeza akho njengoko uyalelwe.
- Ngokuqinisekileyo: Bona ugqirha wamehlo ukuze uhlolwe amehlo ngokupheleleyo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka. Musa ukulinda ukuba kuvele iimpawu. Ukuba zifunyenwe kwangethuba, unyango lunokukunceda ugcine umbono wakho.
- Ukuba ungumama okhulelweyo: Ukuba ungumama okhulelweyo onesifo seswekile, qiniseka ukuba uhlolwa amehlo kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kwenza le meko ibe mandundu.
- Ulawulo lweKholesteroli: Lawula amanqanaba eKholesteroli egazini.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Yitya ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuzilolonga.
Khumbula, esi sifo sisenokunganyangeki ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusifumanisa kwangethuba kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo ungasithintela isifo ukuba singabi mandundu kwaye ugcine umbono wakho oxabisekileyo .
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo seswekile sisifo esichaphazela ngqo amehlo, ngoko ke hlala unyamekela amehlo akho.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kukulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Nokuba awunazo iimpawu, kubalulekile ukuba amehlo akho ahlolwe yingcali yamehlo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho embonweni wakho (umz. umbono ofipheleyo, amabala amnyama), musa ukulutyeshela. Bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokukhusela umbono wakho oxabisekileyo wobomi.
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