Sonke siziva sinxaniwe kakhulu ngamanye amaxesha, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba kuyinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye ukusela amanzi amancinci kuya kuyilungisa loo nto. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba olu nxano lugqithisileyo lunokuba luphawu lokuba i-sodium egazini lakho (inxalenye yetyuwa esiyityayo) inyukile kwaye amanqanaba akho amanzi anciphile? Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-hypernatremia kunyango.
I-Hypernatremia: Ukunyuka kwe-sodium emzimbeni
Ngamafutshane, i-hypernatremia iyenzeka xa igazi lakho line-sodium eninzi kakhulu kwaye linamanzi amancinci kakhulu. I-sodium yi-electrolyte emizimbeni yethu. Oogqirha balinganisa oku xa inqanaba le-sodium egazini lingaphezulu kwe-145 milliequivalents ngelitha. Inqanaba eliqhelekileyo lomntu ophilileyo kufuneka libe phakathi kwe-136 ne-145.
Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci nakubantu abadala . Ezinye iimeko zonyango nazo zinokwandisa umngcipheko. Kodwa eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, okukukungabikho kwamanzi emzimbeni.
Kodwa ukuba ungumntu osempilweni, akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka malunga ne-hypernatremia ebangelwa kukutya ityuwa eninzi kakhulu ekutyeni kwakho, kuba umzimba wethu ulawula eli nqanaba le-sodium kakuhle.
Imizimba yethu iyamangalisa. Xa ibhalansi yesodium namanzi egazini lethu ingasekho, imizimba yethu iyayiqonda ize iqalise ukuyilungisa. Xa amanqanaba esodium ephezulu, akwenza uzive unxaniwe kwaye akukhuthaze ukuba usele amanzi. Akwavelisa iihomoni ezifana ne-aldosterone kunye ne-antidiuretic hormone (ADH), ezinciphisa ubungakanani bamanzi akhutshwa kwaye agcinwa zizintso zakho. Ngelo xesha, umchamo wakho uba tyheli emnyama kwaye ugxile ngakumbi. Ngale ndlela, imizimba yethu ngokwendalo izama ukugcina olu lungelelwano ngokukhupha isodium engaphezulu kunye nokugcina amanzi.
Okuchasene ne-hypernatremia yi-hyponatremia. Oku kukwehla kwamanqanaba esodium egazini. Oku kunokuba yingozi. Ke ngoko, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngokugqithiseleyo akulunganga.
Kutheni i-sodium ibaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu?
Sihlala sisiva kusithiwa, "Musa ukutya ityuwa eninzi, inyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi." Yiyo loo nto. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba i-sodium sisondlo esibalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu?
- Kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo: I-sodium ibalulekile ekuthumeleni imiyalezo kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo, njengemiqondiso yombane. Ezi miqondiso zezona zibangela ukuba izihlunu zethu zinciphe size sishukume.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi: Xa ubungakanani besodium egazini busanda, kongezwa amanzi amaninzi egazini ukuze kulinganiswe. Oku kwandisa umthamo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi kwaye kwandisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Ukuze kubekho ibhalansi yolwelo kwiiseli:I-sodium inceda ekulawuleni ubungakanani bolwelo olungena noluphuma kwiseli nganye emzimbeni wethu.
Ziziphi iimpawu ze-hypernatremia?
I-Hypernatremia idla ngokubangela iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, kodwa ezinye iimpawu zibangelwa yimiphumo kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
| Iimpawu eziphambili |
|---|
| - Unxano olugqithisileyo nolunganyamezelekiyo |
| - Ukungazoli nokucaphuka |
| - Ukudideka |
| - Ukulala kakhulu kunye nokudinwa |
| - Ulusu luvakala luthambile |
| - Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza |
| - Xa imeko imbi kakhulu: Ukuxhuzula okanye ukuba kwi-coma |
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-hypernatremia?
Le ngozi ikhona nanini na xa amanzi elahleka emzimbeni, kodwa hayi i-sodium.
- Urhudo kunye nokuhlanza (iGastroenteritis): Ngeli xesha, amanzi amaninzi aphuma emzimbeni.
- Ukutsha: Xa ulusu lutsha, inani elikhulu lolwelo luyaphuma kulo.
- Ukubila kakhulu: ngenxa yomkhuhlane, ubushushu obugqithisileyo, okanye umthambo ogqithisileyo.
- Iingxaki zezintso: Xa izintso zingakwazi ukulawula kakuhle amanzi kunye nesodium.
- Isifo seswekile: Kwisifo seswekile esingalawulekiyo (i-Hyperglycemia), amanzi agqithisileyo aphuma kumchamo.
- Ukuphelelwa lunxano: Imvakalelo yonxano iyancipha ngokukhula nakwezinye izifo zemithambo-luvo.
- Isifo seswekile i-Insipidus: Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Sibangelwa yingxaki yehomoni (i-vasopressin) elawula amanzi emzimbeni, nto leyo ebangela ukuchama kakhulu.
- Ukungafumani i-sodium ngendlela engafanelekanga: Ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangelwa kukongeza ityuwa eninzi xa usenza ubisi losana, uthatha iipilisi zetyuwa ezininzi, okanye usela amanzi olwandle. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungatsalela umnxeba iZiko loLwazi ngeTyhefu leSizwe kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke ukuze ufumane ingcebiso.
Ugqirha uyixilonga aze ayinyange njani le nto?
Ugqirha wakho uza kuqinisekisa oku ngovavanyo lwegazi olulula. Angenza novavanyo lomchamo.
Injongo ephambili yonyango kukubuyisela amanzi alahlekileyo emzimbeni kunye nokulungisa ibhalansi yesodium namanzi.
- Ukuba imeko ayinzima kangako: Ugqirha uza kukuxelela ukuba usele amanzi okanye ezinye izinto ezilulwelo (iziselo ezinee-electrolytes).
- Ukuba imeko imbi kakhulu: Kusenokufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele uze unikwe i-saline (IV fluids) ngqo emthanjeni.
Nantsi into ebaluleke kakhulu: Eli nqanaba lesodium kufuneka lehliswe kancinci nangononophelo . Ukuba lehlisiwe ngequbuliso, iiseli zengqondo zinokuzaliswa ngamanzi kwaye zidumbe (i-cerebral edema). Oku kunokukhokelela ekonakaleni kwengqondo okungapheliyo okanye kwiimeko ezifana nokuxhuzula. Ke ngoko, olu nyango kufuneka lwenziwe phantsi kweliso likagqirha.
Ngaba ukutya ityuwa eninzi kungumqobo ekunciphiseni umzimba?
Le yingongoma ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukutya esikutyayo okupakishwe evenkileni nakokuthengwa evenkileni kugcwele i-sodium (ityuwa). Izifundo zibonise ukuba abantu abatya ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi banamathuba amaninzi okufumana amafutha emzimbeni baze batyebe kakhulu.
Cinga ngako, ukutya okunetyuwa kunencasa engcono. Yiyo loo nto sisitya okuninzi kwako. Kwakhona, ukutya ukutya okunetyuwa kusenza sinxanwe. Emva koko sidla ngokusela iziselo ezineswekile (i-soda). Konke oku kongeza ekutyebeni.
Ngoko ke, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nobunzima bomzimba kukutya ukutya okutsha nokuninzi okwenziwe ekhaya kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Hypernatremia kukwanda kwe-sodium kunye nokuncipha kwamanzi egazini. Eyona nto ibangela kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
- Unxano olugqithisileyo, ukudideka, kunye nokulala kakhulu zezona mpawu ziphambili. Musa ukuzityeshela ezi.
- Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kubantwana abancinci nakubantu abadala. Qinisekisa ukuba basela amanzi aneleyo.
- Ukuba kukho iimpawu ezinzulu ezifana nokuxhuzula okanye ukungazi nto, mthathe umntu umse kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Amanqanaba e-sodium kufuneka ehliswe kancinci kakhulu ngexesha lonyango. Kungoko ke, kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso kugqirha kunokuba unyange ekhaya.
- Ukunciphisa ityuwa ekutyeni kwakho kunokunceda ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nobunzima bomzimba.
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