Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva uxinezelekile, ulusizi, kwaye ungenanto? Sonke sinazo ezo ntsuku ebomini bethu. Kodwa ukuba ezi mvakalelo ziyaqhubeka, ukuba ziyakulawula ude ungakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, inokuba yimeko ebizwa ngokuba kukudandatheka. Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba, yimeko enokunyangeka. Ukuba wena nogqirha wakho nigqiba ekubeni niyinyange kunye, amayeza okudakumba anokuba luncedo olukhulu.
Zithini ezi zinto zokuthomalalisa uxinezeleko?
Ngamafutshane, la ngamayeza anceda ekulinganiseni umsebenzi weekhemikhali ezithile (ii-neurotransmitters) engqondweni yethu kwaye aphucule indlela esivakalelwa ngayo. Kodwa into enye ekufuneka siyikhumbule kukuba la mayeza awavelisi ziphumo zikhawulezileyo. Kungathatha iiveki ezininzi ukubona iziphumo ezipheleleyo. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nomonde.
Kwakhona, unyango olungcono lokudakumba ayikokunyanga nje kuphela, kodwa kukudibanisa iingcebiso okanye unyango lokuthetha kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila (njengokuzilolonga rhoqo). Kufuneka uxoxe ngazo zonke ezi zinto nogqirha wakho.
Khumbula, akukho sisombululo sifanelekileyo kubo bonke. Oko kusebenza kakuhle komnye umntu kusenokungasebenzi kakuhle komnye. Kungathatha ixesha ukufumana isisombululo esifanelekileyo kuwe. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo.
Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili zamayeza ezicetyiswa ngoogqirha.
1. Uhlobo lwamayeza e-SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
Olu lolona hlobo lwamayeza olusetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela namhlanje. Ngokuqhelekileyo liyeza lokuqala eliqalwa ngalo.
Zisebenza njani ezi zinto?
Khawuthelekelele ukuba ingqondo yethu inesithunywa sekhemikhali esibizwa ngokuba yi-'Serotonin'. Yile nto ilawula izinto ezininzi ezifana nolonwabo lwethu, isimo sengqondo, kunye nokulala. Xa sinoxinzelelo, eli nqanaba le-serotonin linokwehla. Amayeza e-SSRI asebenza ngokuthintela ukufunxwa kwakhona kwe-serotonin engqondweni. Emva koko, ubungakanani be-serotonin ekhoyo engqondweni buyanda, kwaye isimo sengqondo sethu siphucuka kancinci kancinci.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho
Xa kuthelekiswa namanye amayeza, ii-SSRI zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa, kodwa abanye abantu banokufumana oku kulandelayo:
- Ubunzima bokulala
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Utshintsho kubunzima (ukwanda okanye ukulahleka)
- Ixhala lisenokukhula kancinci kwizigaba zokuqala.
- Isiyezi
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
- Umlomo owomileyo
- Utshintsho kumsebenzi wesondo
Uninzi lwezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga ziya kuphela njengoko umzimba wakho uqhelana namayeza. Kodwa ukuba ziyaqhubeka, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho.
Izinto ekungafanele zithathwe kunye nale yeza
Ukuba uthatha i-SSRI, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngazo zonke ezinye iziyobisi ozithathayo. Ngokukodwa, ezinye iziyobisi ezonyusa amanqanaba e-serotonin (umz. ezinye iziyobisi zokudakumba, ezinye iintlungu) zinokubangela imeko eyingozi ebizwa ngokuba yi-serotonin syndrome . Ngoko ke, musa ukuthatha naliphi na iyeza wedwa.
2. Uhlobo lweyeza le-SNRI (Serotonin kunye ne-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)
Ezi zifana kakhulu nee-SSRI, kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci.
Zisebenza njani ezi zinto?
Ii-SNRI azinyusi nje kuphela amanqanaba e-serotonin, kodwa zikwanyusa nesinye isithunywa sekhemikhali ebuchotsheni esibizwa ngokuba yi-norepinephrine. I-Norepinephrine ikwachaphazela izinto ezifana nokuqaphela kwethu kunye nokuphaphama. Kwabanye abantu, ukuba ii-SSRI zodwa azanele, ugqirha wabo unokuzitshintshela kwi-SNRI.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho
Ukongeza kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana neze-SSRI (ezifana nokucaphuka, umlomo owomileyo, isiyezi), ezi zinokwenzeka:
- Ukubila ngakumbi
- Ukudinwa
- Ukuqhinwa
- Umnqweno wokutya
- Ezinye ii-SNRI zinokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi kancinci.
3. Amayeza ohlobo lwe-TCA (Tricyclic Antidepressants)
La mayeza adala aqala ukwaziswa ngenxa yokudakumba. Ayisasetyenziswa rhoqo kuba aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaphezulu kunee-SSRI kunye nee-SNRI. Nangona kunjalo, anokuba luncedo kwabanye abantu abangakhange baphendule kwamanye amayeza.
Xa usebenzisa amayeza e-TCA, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nomlomo owomileyo, ukuqhina, ukubona okufipheleyo, kunye ne-orthostatic hypotension (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi xa umi) kunye nesiyezi zinokubakho.
4. Uhlobo lwamayeza e-MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)
Olu lolona hlobo ludala lwemithi yokudakumba ekhoyo. Nangona inokuba luncedo kakhulu, kukho imithetho engqongqo malunga nokutya nokusela xa usebenzisa la mayeza. Ngoko ke adla ngokusetyenziswa kuphela ukuba akukho nto isebenzayo.
Ukutya okungafanele kutyiwe ngelixa usebenzisa ii-MAOIs
Kungcono ukungatyi ukutya okunekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Tyramine' ngelixa usebenzisa amayeza e-MAOI. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngendlela eyingozi. Ke ngoko, umntu osebenzisa la mayeza ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka aziphephe ezi zinto zilandelayo zokutya.
| Uhlobo lokutya | Imizekelo |
|---|---|
| Iitshizi ezigciniweyo, ezibilisiweyo | Itshizi efana neParmesan |
| Inyama nentlanzi ezigciniweyo, ezitshayiweyo | Iisoseji, isalami, iham, intlanzi etshayiweyo |
| Ukutya okubilisiweyo | Iipickles, isosi yesoya, itofu |
| Ezinye iziqhamo nemifuno | Iibhanana ezivuthiweyo kakhulu, iiavokhado, kunye neerayisi |
| Utywala | Ingakumbi ibhiya newayini ebomvu |
Olu luhlu aluphelelanga. Ukuba unikwe i-MAOI, ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela oku ngokweenkcukacha.
Iimeko ezinzima ezifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo
Xa usebenzisa amayeza okudakumba, ukongeza kwimiphumo emibi eqhelekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ezinye iimeko ezingaqhelekanga kodwa eziyingozi kakhulu ezinokwenzeka.
| Imeko | Kwenziwe ntoni |
|---|---|
| Iingcinga zokuzibulala Ezi ngcinga zinokwenzeka, ingakumbi kubantu abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25 ubudala, kwiiveki zokuqala emva kokuqala amayeza. | Xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane. Musa ukulibazisa oku. |
| Isifo seSerotonin Amanqanaba aphezulu ayingozi e-serotonin emzimbeni. Iimpawu ziquka ukubila kakhulu, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, ukudideka, kunye nokungcangcazela. | Le yingxamiseko yezonyango. Yiya kwi-ETU ngoko nangoko. |
| Isifo sokuyeka ukuzibandakanya Imeko eyenzeka ukuba ngequbuliso uyeka ukuthatha amayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane, isicaphucaphu, isiyezi, kunye nokungalali. | Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza wedwa. Ufanele unciphise kancinci kancinci umthamo njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelela. |
| Ukugqithisa Ukusela amayeza amaninzi ngempazamo okanye ngabom. | Le yimeko engxamisekileyo esongela ubomi. Yisa isigulana esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza kwi-ETU. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, fowunela iZiko loLwazi lweePoison kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo ukuze ufumane ingcebiso. |
Ukhetha njani amayeza afanelekileyo kuwe?
Esi sisigqibo ekufanele nisenze kunye nogqirha wakho. Ugqirha wakho uza kuqwalasela ezi zinto zilandelayo xa ekhetha amayeza afanelekileyo kuwe:
- Uhlobo lweempawu zakho.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho.
- Ezinye izifo onazo (umz. isifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile).
- Amanye amayeza owasebenzisayo.
- Nokuba ukhulelwe okanye uncancisa.
- Ixabiso lamayeza.
Kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe ukuthetha ngokunyanisekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nazo naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ozifumanayo kunye nokuba uziva ukhululekile na kwiyeza. Kulapho ke kuphela apho kunokutshintshwa khona idosi okanye kutshintshwe elinye iyeza ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukudakumba akuyonto yokuhlazeka okanye ubuthathaka, yimeko enokunyangeka ngonyango.
- Kungathatha ixesha ukufumana amayeza afanelekileyo kuwe. Kufuna umonde. Hlala unxibelelana nogqirha wakho.
- Musa ukulindela iziphumo kwangoko emva kokuthatha iyeza. Kungathatha iiveki ezininzi ukuze uzive uphilile ngokupheleleyo.
- Ungaze, nangasiphi na isizathu, uyeke ukuthatha amayeza okanye utshintshe umthamo ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho.
- Ngokudibanisa amayeza kunye neengcebiso kunye nendlela yokuphila enempilo (ukuzilolonga, ukutya okunempilo), unokufikelela ekuchacheni ngokukhawuleza nangokusisigxina.
- Ukuba ucinga ngokuzibulala, musa ukuzigcina wedwa. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Awuwedwa.
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