Xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ukuba okanye umntu omthandayo unesifo somhlaza, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva usoyika kwaye uxhalabile xa usiva amagama athi "unyango lwemitha" xa uthetha ngonyango olulandelayo. Xa sisiva igama elithi "mitha", umfanekiso owoyikisayo ufika engqondweni yethu. Kodwa eneneni, ngobuchwepheshe banamhlanje, olu nyango luphucukile kakhulu kwaye lukhuselekile. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngendlela ephambili nesetyenziswa kakhulu yonyango lwemitha, `Unyango lwemitha lwangaphandle` okanye `(EBRT)`. Ndiqinisekile ukuba xa ugqiba ukufunda eli nqaku, uya kube uphulukene noloyiko lwakho malunga noku kwaye uya kuba nokuqonda okucacileyo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT)?
Kulula kakhulu. Olu lolona hlobo luphambili lonyango lwemitha olusetyenziselwa ukulwa nomhlaza. Lubandakanya ukuba ulele ebhedini ekhethekileyo kunye nomatshini omkhulu othumela umtha wemitha olawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kumhlaza.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, lo matshini awubetheki naphi na emzimbeni wakho . Usebenza umgama. Ngokuchanekileyo, lo matshini wenzelwe ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kuphela, ngelixa unciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli ezisempilweni.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni wakho zizinto ezincinci ezijoliswe kuzo. Lo matshini we-EBRT ufana ne-super sniper ekwaziyo ukudubula kuloo nto ijoliswe kuyo ngocoselelo olukhulu. Utshabalalisa loo nto ijoliswe kuyo ngaphandle kokulimaza iiseli ezingenatyala (eziphilileyo) ezikujikelezileyo.
Olu nyango lusebenza njani ngaphakathi emzimbeni?
Olu nyango lusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu. Le misebe inokudala amasuntswana anamandla, atshajiweyo kakhulu anokubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ezinye iintlobo zemisebe zinokungena nzulu emzimbeni wakho, zichaphazele iiseli zomhlaza kunye neeseli ezisempilweni ezikufutshane. Kodwa injongo ephambili yoogqirha kukujonga iiseli zomhlaza kuphela ngelixa benciphisa umonakalo kwizicubu ezinempilo.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zamasuntswana asetyenziselwa oku. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
| Uhlobo lweenxalenye ezisetyenzisiweyo | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Iifotoni - umz. ii-X-reyi, imisebe ye-gamma | Ezi zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Zingangena nzulu emzimbeni zize zitshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza. |
| Iiprotoni | Ezi ziyayeka xa zifika kwithumba elinomhlaza. Ngenxa yoko, umonakalo kwizicwili eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo uncinci kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, obu buchwephesha busafumaneka kwiindawo ezimbalwa ehlabathini. |
| Ii-elektroni | Ezi azingeni nzulu emzimbeni, ngoko ke zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza wolusu okanye umhlaza ongaphandle kolusu. |
Uninzi lwezonyango ze-EBRT zisebenzisa umatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-'linear accelerator' (LINAC).
Ziziphi iimeko ezisetyenziselwa unyango lwe-EBRT?
Oogqirha basebenzisa le ndlela yonyango ngeenjongo eziphambili ezininzi.
- Tshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza okanye uzithintele ukuba zingasasazeki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
- Njengesincedisi kwezinye iindlela zonyango. Umzekelo, ukunciphisa ithumba ngaphambi kotyando, okanye ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando okanye unyango lwe-chemotherapy.
- Ukuphelisa iimpawu. Ngamanye amaxesha, olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iithumba ezibangela iintlungu okanye ezinye iingxaki kwaye lunike isiqabu kwisigulana. Sikwabiza oku ngokuthi 'unyango oluthomalalisayo'.
Olu nyango lusetyenziswa kakhulu kumhlaza ofumaneka kwindawo ethile okanye kwiindawo ezininzi. Umzekelo:
- Umhlaza webele, wamathumbu amakhulu, wemiphunga, weprostate, wesibeleko, kunye nowentloko nentamo
- Umhlaza ofana ne-leukemia kunye ne-'Non-Hodgkin lymphoma'
Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-EBRT?
Ewe. I-EBRT yahlulwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ngokusekelwe kwindlela umqadi wemitha omi ngayo, oqondiswe ngayo, nojoliswe kuyo. Ezi zizinto zobugcisa kancinci, kodwa ukuba uziqonda ngokulula, ziya kukunceda kakhulu.
| Igama lendlela yonyango | Kwenzeka ntoni ngale nto? |
|---|---|
| Unyango lwemitha oluhambelanayo lwe-3D | Kusetyenziswa into efana ne-CT scan, kwenziwa imodeli ye-tumor enamacala amathathu (3D). Emva koko, imisebe eliqela evela kwiikona ezahlukeneyo iyalungiswa ukuze ifane nomo lwe-tumor kwaye ihlaselwe. |
| Unyango lwemitha oluhlengahlengiswa ngamandla (IMRT) | Le yindlela ephucuke ngakumbi. Isebenzisa imisebe encediswa yikhompyutha enamandla ahlukeneyo ukuhambisa idosi ephezulu yemitha kwithumba lomhlaza ngelixa igcina izicubu eziphilileyo. |
| Unyango lwemitha olukhokelwa yimifanekiso (IGRT) | Ngexesha lonyango, iindlela zokwenza imifanekiso ezifana neeskeni zisetyenziswa ukufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo indawo yethumba. Ukuba indawo yethumba itshintsha kancinci, umqadi uyalungiswa ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ujoliswe kwindawo echanekileyo. |
| Unyango lweTomotherapy | Indlela apho imisebe yemitha ijoliswe khona kwithumba ngendlela ejikelezayo njengoko uhamba kumatshini omile okwedonathi. |
| Utyando lwe-radiosurgery olusebenzisa i-stereotactic | Nangona igama lisithi "utyando," olu asilotyando ngokwenene. Yindlela yokunika iidosi eziphezulu zemitha kwiithumba ezincinci engqondweni, ngaphandle kotyando. |
| Unyango lwemitha yomzimba olusebenzisa i-stereotactic (SBRT) | Oku kufana nendlela ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kodwa isetyenziswa kwiithumba ezingaphandle kwengqondo, kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (umz., imiphunga, isibindi, umqolo). Oku kuluncedo kakhulu kwiimeko apho utyando lungenakwenzeka. |
| Imitha ye-Intraoperative (IORT) | Olu nyango lunikwa ngexesha lotyando. Luhambisa imitha ngqo kwiindawo ezinomhlaza ezingenakushenxiswa ngokupheleleyo, ngelixa lugcina izicubu eziphilileyo ezingqongileyo. |
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi konyango? Ukulungiselela (Ukulinganisa)
Ngaphambi kokuba unyango lwakho luqale, kukho isigaba sokucwangcisa esibizwa ngokuba yi-'simulation.' Oku kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into icwangciswe kakuhle kwiseshoni yokuqala yonyango kwaye kukunike ukuqonda okucacileyo ngento eza kwenzeka.
Kule 'simulation', izinto ezilandelayo zenzeka:
- Indawo olala kuyo: Indawo olala kuyo ngexesha lonyango yindawo efanayo naleyo olala kuyo ngeli xesha.
- Iiskeni: Iskeni ye-CT, i-MRI, okanye i-PET iyenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe indawo echanekileyo yethumba lakho kunye nokuchonga i-engile apho imisebe yemitha ifanele ijoliswe khona.
- Ukuphawula ulusu: Ukuze kuchongwe ngqo apho umsebe wemitha uza kujoliswa khona, kubekwa uphawu oluncinci kakhulu, olufana namachaphaza eluswini lwakho, olufana netattoo. La manqaku aya kuhlala ekhona de kube sekupheleni kwexesha lonyango.
- Izinto zokuncedisa ukubeka umntu kwindawo yakhe: Izinto ezifana nemaski okanye isamente zingenziwa ukuze zikulingane ukuze zikuncede uhlale ungashukumi ngexesha lonyango.
Olu `qili` lunokuthatha ixesha elide kuneseshoni yonyango eqhelekileyo, ukusuka kwimizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiiyure ezimbini. Emva koko, kwiintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa, iqela lakho lezonyango lisebenzisa olu lwazi ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango esikhethekileyo kuwe.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene ngexesha lonyango?
I-EBRT ayilonyango oluqhutywa ngaphandle kwesibhedlele, oko kuthetha ukuba ungagoduka ngaloo mini ufumene ngayo unyango.
Nantsi into onokuyilindela ngexesha leseshoni nganye yonyango:
1. Uza kubekwa kwindawo efanayo naleyo ubukuyo kwi-simulation. Uza kuxhaswa njengoko kufuneka ukuze uhlale ungashukumi kwaye ukhululekile.
2. Emva kokuba ubekwe kwindawo efanelekileyo, ingcali (ingcali yokunyanga) iya kuphuma kwigumbi ize ivule umatshini.
3. Ungakhathazeki! Ukujongile kwiscreen. Ungathetha naye nge-'intercom'.
4. Umatshini uhambahamba ujikeleze wena buthule, uqondisa imisebe yemitha ngokuchanekileyo kwithumba lomhlaza.
5. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlale ungashukumi ngeli xesha. Kodwa ungaphefumla ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
6. Imitha ayinikwa rhoqo, kodwa inikwa ngokukhawuleza.
Ngaba oku kuyabuhlungu?
Hayi. Awuyi kuva imitha. Kodwa ungava isandi esithi "cofa" okanye isandi somlozi esivela kumatshini. Ungabona ukukhanya (ingakumbi xa unyanga ubuchopho). Ungava nevumba elingaqhelekanga. Konke oku kuqhelekile kwaye akunabungozi.
Unyango luthatha ixesha elingakanani?
Ishedyuli yakho yonyango iya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo, ubungakanani, kunye nendawo yomhlaza wakho. Unyango luhlala lunikwa yonke imihla (iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki) kangangeeveki ezininzi. Ingcali yakho yomhlaza wemisebe iya kuchaza ngokucacileyo isicwangciso sakho sonyango kunye nobude bexesha.
Zithini iingenelo kunye nemiphumo emibi enokubakho yolu nyango?
Unyango lwemitha lusetyenziswe kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwe-100. Ngenxa yeteknoloji ekhoyo namhlanje, luye lwaba lukhuselekile kwaye luchaneke ngakumbi. Iingenelo eziphambili zonyango lwe-EBRT zezi:
- Ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
- Ukuthintela okanye ukulawula ukukhula kwezimila ezinomhlaza.
- Ukuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi.
- Ukunciphisa iimpawu kwaye uphucule umgangatho wobomi.
Kodwa njengakwelinye icala lemali, iiseli ezisempilweni ezikufutshane nendawo enyangwa ngemitha nazo zinokuchaphazeleka. Yiyo loo nto kuvela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Esona siphumo sixhaphakileyo kukudinwa . Ezinye iziphumo ezingalindelekanga zixhomekeke kwindawo yomzimba wakho onyangwa kuyo. Ezinye zazo ziquka:
- Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza
- Umnqweno wokutya
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Ukulahleka kweenwele (kuphela kwindawo enyangiweyo)
- Ubunzima bokuginya
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Ubomvu, ukurhawuzelela, okanye intlungu eluswini (njengokutsha lilanga)
- Ukudumba okanye ukudumba kwindawo yonyango
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Asinguye wonke umntu ofumana ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga. Kwanabantu ababini abanomhlaza ofanayo banokufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukunceda ulawule ezi ziphumo.
Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ndiphile?
Oku kuyahluka kuye ngomntu. Abanye abantu banokuqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo yesiqhelo ngelixa befumana unyango. Abanye banokufuna iintsuku zokuphumla, ingakumbi ukuba bazive bediniwe kakhulu.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zihlala zisanda ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kungenxa yokuba iiseli zomhlaza azifi kwangoko emva kokukhanya kwelanga. Kuthatha iintsuku okanye iiveki ukuba ziqale ukufa. Ngoko ke usenokungaziva ungonwabanga ekuqaleni, kodwa unokuziva udiniwe kancinci kancinci njengoko unyango luqhubeka.
Nokuba emva konyango, amaxesha okuchacha ayahluka. Abanye abantu bayachacha kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Kwabanye, kungathatha iinyanga ezininzi.
Ndingenza ntoni ukuze unyango lube lula?
Cela iqela lakho lezonyango ukuba likunike iingcebiso ezithile ngokusekelwe kwisicwangciso sakho sonyango. Ngokubanzi, ezi zinto ziya kukunceda:
- Phumla ngokwaneleyo. Ukudinwa sisiphumo esibi kakhulu solu nyango. Ngoko ke lala kwaye uphumle kangangoko unako.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo.Isondlo sibalulekile ukuze umzimba uphile.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi. Kubalulekile ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
- Mamela umzimba wakho. Ukuba udiniwe, sebenza kancinci. Yenza kuphela oko unako.
Xelela iqela lakho lezonyango ngazo naziphi na iimpawu onazo. Bakho ukukunceda ulawule iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye bakwenze uzive ukhululekile kangangoko.
Ndifanele ndibize ugqirha wam nini?
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga onokuzilindela, kunye nazo naziphi na iimpawu ezinokuba yingxaki. Ngokubanzi, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ufumana nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:
- Ukuba kuvela iimpawu ezingalindelekanga okanye ezinzima .
- Ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziba mandundu ngequbuliso.
- Ukuba ubonisa iimpawu zosulelo, ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukubanda, kunye nokungcangcazela .
- Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla okanye intlungu esifubeni .
Inkxaso yakho engcono liqela lakho lezonyango. Musa ukuthandabuza ukuthetha nabo ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo, ngexesha okanye emva konyango lwakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Unyango lweMisebe yangaphandle (i-EBRT) yindlela yonyango echanekileyo nesebenzayo esetyenziswa kakhulu kumhlaza.
- Akukho ntlungu ngexesha lonyango, kodwa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nokudinwa kunye notshintsho lolusu zinokubakho.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho okanye iqela lezonyango malunga nokungonwabi okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga onokuba nazo.
- Kubalulekile ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo, ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, nokusela amanzi aneleyo ngeli xesha.
- Kuqhelekile ukoyika unyango lomhlaza. Kodwa khumbula, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuphambili banamhlanje, olu nyango lukhuselekile kakhulu kunangaphambili. Iqela lakho lezonyango lihlala likulungele ukukunceda.
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