Ngaba ugqirha wakho ukuxelele okanye umntu osapho lwakho ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwe-'FISH'? Ngaba uzive usoyika okanye unexhala xa usiva elo gama? Ngaba ukhe wacinga, "Luhlobo luni lovavanyo olungaqhelekanga olu?"? Kuqhelekile ukuvakalelwa ngaloo ndlela. Kodwa akukho sizathu sokukhathazeka. Akunzima njengoko ucinga, kwaye asiyonto yokoyika. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokulula, ngolwimi lwethu, malunga nokuba olu vavanyo lwe-FISH luyintoni, lujongeka njani, kwaye lwenziwa njani.
Okokuqala, yintoni olu vavanyo lweNTLIZI?
Ngamafutshane, i-FISH luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwelabhoratri olukhangela utshintsho okanye iimpazamo kwiijini nakwiikhromosomu ezingaphakathi kwiiseli zomzimba wethu. Kufana nokuhlola imephu yemfuza yomzimba wethu.
Ukuze sikuqonde kakuhle oku, masicinge ngemizimba yethu njengethala leencwadi elikhulu.
- IiChromosomes: IiChromosomes zifana neeshelufu zeencwadi ezikwelo thala leencwadi. Iseli nganye yomntu inezibini ezingama-23 zezi shelufu zeencwadi.
- Iijini: Ezo ncwadi ziseshelufini ziijini. Ezi ncwadi ziqulathe yonke imiyalelo efunekayo emizimbeni yethu ukuze isebenze. Ayizizo kuphela umbala weenwele zethu, umbala wamehlo, ubude, kodwa yonke imisebenzi esemizimbeni yethu ilawulwa lulwazi olukwezi ncwadi zibizwa ngokuba ziijini.
- I-DNA: Oonobumba namagama abhalwe kwezi ncwadi yi-DNA. Oko kukuthi, iseti epheleleyo yemiyalelo efunekayo emzimbeni wethu ikwi-DNA.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba ezinye zeencwadi (iigenes) kweli thala leencwadi azinamaphepha angekhoyo (ukususwa), ezinye zongezwe (ukwandiswa), okanye incwadi ekufanele ukuba ibe kwishelufu enye ifuduselwe kwenye ishelufu (ukutshintshwa). Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba oko kuyenzeka? Imiyalelo efunyanwa ngumzimba ibingayi kuba yiyo. Kungenxa yemiyalelo engalunganga kangaka ukuba izifo ezifana nomhlaza nezinye izifo zemfuza zivele.
Uvavanyo lwe-FISH lufana "nomcuphi obalaseleyo" osebenzisa ukukhanya okunemibala ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye etshintshileyo kwikhowudi yemfuza.
Lusebenza njani olu vavanyo lwe-FISH?
Nangona le ndlela yokusebenza isekelwe kwisayensi kancinci, ndiza kukuchazela ngomzekelo olula kakhulu.
Khawuthelekelele ufuna isivakalisi esithile kwincwadi enkulu. Wenza ntoni? Ufumana isivakalisi uze usiphawule nge-highlighter enemibala. Emva koko kulula ukuyifumana kwakhona.
Oku kwenzeka kuvavanyo lweNTLIZI. Kwilebhu, izazinzulu zenza iziqwenga zeDNA ezihambelana nenxalenye ethile yejini abafuna ukuyikhangela kwisampulu yeseli yakho. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba 'ziiprobes.' Emva koko, bancamathisela iilebhile zefluorescent kwezi ziqwenga zeDNA ezenziweyo. Ezi zifana neepeni ze-highlighter.
Emva koko, bathatha isampuli yeeseli zakho (ezifana negazi okanye izicubu) baze bongeze ezi 'probes' zinemibala ebhalwe kuyo. Emva koko kwenzeka into emangalisayo. 'I-probe' ifumana indawo echanekileyo yejini ehambelana nayo kwaye idibanise nayo.
Emva koko, xa ingcali yezifo iyijonga nge-microscope ekhethekileyo (i-microscope ekhanyayo), 'iiprobes' ezinamathele kuloo nxalenye yezakhi zofuzo zikhanya njengezibane ezinemibala, njengeenkwenkwezi ezikhanya ebumnyameni.
- Kwiseli eqhelekileyo: Ubungakanani bokukhanya kombala obulindelekileyo bubonakala kwiindawo ezichanekileyo.
- Kwiseli engaqhelekanga: Usenokubona imibala emininzi kunokuba bekulindelwe (ukukhulisa), okanye usenokungayiboni imibala ofuna ukuyibona (ukucima), okanye usenokubona imibala emibini ekufuneka ibe kunye kodwa ikude kakhulu (ukudluliselwa).
Kungokujonga loo ndlela yokukhanya okukhazimlayo apho oogqirha banokukuxelela ngqo ukuba loluphi utshintsho olukwimfuza yakho.
Zeziphi izinto eziphambili ezijongwa luvavanyo lwe-FISH?
Uvavanyo lwe-FISH lwenziwa ikakhulu ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olunokubonwa kunye nezifo ezinxulumene nalo.
| Ukwahluka kwemfuza okubonakalayo | Ingcinga nje |
|---|---|
| Ukwandiswa | Ukuba neekopi ezininzi zejini kunokuba bekulindelwe. Njengokukopa nokuncamathisela iphepha elifanayo lencwadi amaxesha amaninzi. Xa ujonge phantsi kwemakroskopu, ubona ukukhanya okuninzi kombala omnye. |
| Ukufuduka | Inxalenye yejini ekufanele ukuba ibe kwichromosome enye iyaqhekeka ize idibane nenye ichromosome. Kufana nokuthatha isahluko kwincwadi enye uze usincamathisele kwenye. Endaweni yokuba izibane ezimbini ezinemibala zibe kufutshane, zibonakala zikude kakhulu. |
| Ukucima | Ukususwa okanye ukunyamalala ngokupheleleyo kwecandelo lejini kwi-chromosome. Kufana nokukrazula iphepha encwadini. Xa lijongwa nge-microscope, ukukhanya okunemibala akusabonakali apho kufanele ukuba khona. |
Zeziphi izifo ezinokuchongwa ngolu tshintsho?
Uvavanyo lweFISH lubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni izifo ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi umhlaza, kunye nokucwangcisa unyango.
- Iintlobo zomhlaza:
- Umhlaza Webele: Ngokukodwa, khangela ukwandiswa kwejini (HER2). Ukuba kukho ukwanda okunjalo, kunokunikwa unyango oluthile olujoliswe ngqo kuloo jini.
- I-Leukemia: Chonga iintlobo ze-leukemia ebukhali nengapheliyo.
- I-Lymphoma
- Umhlaza womongo wamathambo (iMultiple Myeloma)
- Umhlaza wemiphunga, isisu, kunye nesinyi
- Iimeko zemfuza zangaphambi kokuzalwa nasemva kokuzalwa: Vavanya umntwana ngaphambi okanye emva kokuzalwa ukuze ubone ukuba akanazo na iingxaki ze-chromosome, ezifana ne-Down syndrome.
- Ukuchumisa nge-in vitro (IVF): Le ndlela ikwasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iimbumba ukuze zibone ukuba azinazo na iingxaki ze-chromosome ngaphambi kokuba zidluliselwe nge-in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Ndingazilungiselela njani uvavanyo lwe-FISH?
Indlela ozilungiselela ngayo olu vavanyo ixhomekeke kwisampulu oyithathayo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeesampulu ezinokuthathwa ngenxa yale njongo.
- Uvavanyo lweGazi: Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unesifo semfuza, olu vavanyo lungenziwa ngokuthatha igazi elincinci njengesiqhelo. Oku akudingi lungiselelo lukhethekileyo.
- Uvavanyo lwangaphambi kokuzalwa: Ukuba iijini zomntwana ziyavavanywa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ugqirha uya kwenza uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-"amniocentesis," olubandakanya ukuthatha inani elincinci lolwelo lwe-amniotic esibelekweni sikamama.
- I-Biopsy: Ukuba kurhanelwa ukuba kukho umhlaza, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu kwithumba okanye kumongo wethambo ukuze livavanywe (i-bone marrow biopsy). Ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe i-biopsy, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika imiyalelo yokuba ungayilungiselela njani, njengoko kufuneka i-anesthesia.
- Uvavanyo lomchamo: Isampuli yomchamo ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukuxilonga okanye ukujonga umhlaza wesinyi.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha ngokucacileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwesampuli oluza kuthathwa kuwe kunye nendlela yokululungiselela.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokufumana ingxelo yovavanyo?
Kungathatha phakathi kweveki enye ukuya kwezine ukufumana iziphumo zovavanyo lweFISH. Ugqirha wakho uza kukwazisa ngeli xesha kwangaphambili.
Isiphumo 'silungile'.Ukuba ithi, kuthetha ukuba kukho ukungaqheleki okuthile kwemfuza okanye kwe-chromosome kwisampulu yeseli yakho.
Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko kwaye uxhalabe xa ubona iziphumo ezinje. Kodwa khumbula, ezi ziphumo lithuba lokuqonda ngokucacileyo imeko yakho. Kwaye, ngokusekelwe kolu lwazi, ugqirha wakho uya kukwazi ukugqiba ngonyango olufanelekileyo nolujolise kuwe.
Umzekelo, ukuba olu vavanyo lufumanisa utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo kumhlaza, unyango olujoliswe kulo lunokunikwa ukujolisa olo tshintsho, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kunye neziphumo eziphumelelayo ngakumbi.
Ngoko ke, endaweni yokukhathazeka ngeziphumo uze ukhathazeke wedwa, thetha nogqirha wakho ngononophelo kwaye uqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba kuthetha ukuthini oko kunye namanyathelo ekufuneka uwathathe ngokulandelayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uvavanyo lweFISH luvavanyo olukhethekileyo olujonga utshintsho kwiijini zakho nakwiikhromosomu. Akukho mfuneko yokoyika oku.
- Oku kufana nokuphawula ulwazi olubalulekileyo kwi-DNA yakho nge-highlighter enemibala.
- Olu vavanyo luluncedo kakhulu ekuxilongeni umhlaza kunye nezinye izifo zemfuza, kunye nokucwangcisa unyango.
- Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nendlela yokulungiselela uvavanyo kunye nokuba kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo.
- Nokuba iziphumo zovavanyo zithini na, vuleleka kuyo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onazo nogqirha wakho. Ngolwazi oluchanekileyo kunye nesikhokelo, ungajongana nayo nayiphi na imeko.
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