Xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ukuba une-glaucoma, unokukuxelela ukuba unokufuna utyando. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye unexhala xa usiva loo mazwi. "Kuza kwenzeka ntoni emehlweni am?", "Ngaba olu lutyando olukhulu?", "Ngaba luza kuba buhlungu?" yimibuzo yonke efika engqondweni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda. Njengokuba ubuya kuthetha nomhlobo.
Yintoni kanye kanye utyando lweglaucoma?
Kulungile, masiqale siqonde ukuba yintoni i-glaucoma. Ngamafutshane, i-glaucoma ligama eliqhelekileyo leqela leemeko ezonakalisa i-optic nerve , i-opening nerve ephambili ethwala imiyalezo esuka emehlweni ethu ukuya ebuchotsheni. Isizathu esiphambili soku kukunyuka koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso (Itraocular Pressure).
Khawuthelekelele ukuba iliso lethu lifana nebhola egcwele amanzi. Ulwelo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi -'Aqueous Humor' luhlala luveliswa kwaye lukhutshwa ngaphakathi kweliso. Yile nto igcina iliso liphilile. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-glaucoma, imijelo apho olu lwelo luhamba khona iyavalwa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ulwelo luqokelele ngaphakathi kweliso kwaye lonyuse uxinzelelo. Ngenxa yolu xinzelelo lukhulayo, i-optic nerve esiyikhankanyileyo iyacinezelwa kwaye kancinci kancinci iqala ukonakala.
Ngoko ke, kukho iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili zotyando lwe-glaucoma:
1. Ukwenza kube lula ukutsalwa kolwelo: Oku kuquka ukucoca inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi evalekileyo (i-trabecular meshwork) okanye ukudala indlela entsha yokuvumela ukuba ulwelo luhambe lula.
2. Ukunciphisa ulwelo: Ukunciphisa ubuninzi bolwelo oluveliswa ngaphakathi kweliso.
Ngayo nayiphi na kwezi ndlela zimbini, olu tyando lunethemba lokulawula uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kweliso nokuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi kwi-optic nerve.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba utyando lwe-glaucoma alunakuyilungisa umonakalo osele wenziwe. Oko kuthetha ukuba awunakuphinda ubone kwakhona. Kodwa ungayekisa ukulahleka kokubona okanye ukucothisa kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto olu tyando lubalulekile.
Ziziphi iintlobo zotyando lweglaucoma ezikhoyo?
Utyando lweGlaucoma lunokwahlulwahlulwa lube ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili. Olunye lutyando lwelaser , oludla ngokwenziwa eofisini kagqirha (inkqubo yeofisi). Olunye lutyando lokusika, olwenziwa kwigumbi lotyando. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi uhlobo lotyando olulungele wena ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi, njengohlobo lweglaucoma onayo, ubukhali besifo, kunye nemeko yeliso lakho.
Ngoku makhe sijonge nganye kwezi ntlobo ngokwahlukeneyo.
1. Utyando lweLaser - Akukho nto yokoyika, iindlela ezilula
Olu lutyando lokuqala olucetyiswayo, lulula kakhulu kwaye lunokwenziwa ngemizuzu embalwa.
- I-Laser Trabeculoplasty: Olu lolona tyando lwelaser luqhelekileyo kwi-glaucoma. Lusebenzisa ukukhanya kwelaser ukususa imiqobo kwinkqubo yokukhupha amanzi emehlweni. Zimbini iintlobo.
- I-ALT (Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty): Le yindlela endala kancinci.
- I-SLT (i-Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty): Le yindlela entsha nesetyenziswa kakhulu. Kule ndlela, umqadi welaser ujoliswe ngakumbi, ngoko ke akukho monakalo mkhulu emehlweni. Kwakhona, olu tyando lunokuphindwa ukuba kuyimfuneko. Olu lunyango olusebenzayo kakhulu kwiimeko ezininzi ze- 'open-angle glaucoma' .
- I-Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI): Oku kwenzelwa abantu abane- closed-angle glaucoma . I-laser yenza umngxuma omncinci kakhulu kwindawo enemibala yeliso, i-iris. Oku kuvumela ulwelo olungaphakathi kweliso ukuba luhambe ngokukhululekileyo endaweni yokubuthana kwelinye icala. Ngamanye amaxesha, olu tyando lwenziwa ukuthintela i-glaucoma kubantu abasengozini yokuyifumana.
- I-Cyclophotocoagulation (CPC): Oku kuquka ukujolisa umzimba we-ciliary, ovelisa i-aqueous humor, nge-laser beam ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kolwelo. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa kubantu abane-glaucoma enzima abangakhange baphendule kwezinye iindlela zonyango.
2. Utyando Lokusika - Iinkqubo ezenziwa kwigumbi lotyando
Ukuba unyango lwelaser alukwazi ukulawula imeko, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando olufana nolu. Olu lwenziwa kwigumbi lotyando.
- I-Trabeculectomy: Olu lolona tyando luphambili oluye lwenziwa ngokwesiko. Apha, ugqirha wenza umngxuma omncinci kwindawo emhlophe yeliso (i-sclera), asuse inxalenye yenkqubo yokukhupha amanzi, aze enze indlela entsha yokukhupha ulwelo. Oku kunokuba luncedo kakhulu ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso.
- I-Tube Shunt: Le yenye indlela. Apha, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci kakhulu, ebhityileyo esweni ukuze kukhutshwe ulwelo olungaphakathi kweliso. Le yindlela ephumelelayo esetyenziselwa i-glaucoma enzima.
- Utyando lweGlaucoma oluNcinci (MIGS): Olu lolona buchwepheshe bamva nje kweli candelo. Olu tyando lwenziwa ngokusikwa okuncinci kakhulu kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezincinci kakhulu kunye nee-implants. Oku kubangela ixesha elifutshane lokuchacha kunye neengxaki ezimbalwa. Rhoqo, i-MIGS inokwenziwa ngaxeshanye notyando lwe-cataract. Oku kulungele abantu abakwinqanaba lokuqala lesi sifo.
Ufanele uzilungiselele njani ngaphambi kotyando?
Xa unedethi yokudibana nogqirha ngaphambi kotyando, ugqirha uza kudibana nawe ngaphambi kotyando. Ngelo xesha, ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokwenzeka:
- Uvavanyo lwamehlo: Amehlo akho aza kuhlolwa kakuhle kwaye kuza kwenziwa iimvavanyo ezininzi ezifunekayo.
- Ukuthetha ngezinto ozilindeleyo: Ukuchaza into omawuyilindele nento omawuyenze emva kotyando.
- Imbali yempilo: Buza ngezinye izifo onazo kunye namayeza owasebenzisayo (ingakumbi amayeza okunciphisa igazi).
Ukongeza, baza kukunika uluhlu lwezinto omele uzenze ngaphambi kotyando. Oku kunokwahluka kumntu nomntu, kodwa ngokubanzi, ezi zizinto omele uzenze.
| Ingcebiso | Kutheni kulula nje oko? |
|---|---|
| Yeka ukusebenzisa amayeza okudambisa iintlungu kunye namayeza okunciphisa igazi. | Amayeza anjenge-aspirin kunye ne-NSAIDs anokunyusa ukopha ngexesha lotyando. Oku kwenzelwa ukunciphisa loo mngcipheko. Kodwa ungayeki ukuthatha naliphi na iyeza ngaphandle kokubuza ugqirha wakho kuqala. |
| Lungiselela ukuba umntu akuse ekhaya. | Ukuba unikwe i-anesthesia xa utyando, awuyi kukwazi ukuqhuba imoto wedwa emva koko. Ngoko ke cela umhlobo okanye ilungu losapho ukuba lize nawe. |
| Cacisa malunga namayeza ekufuneka uwasebenzise/ongafanele uwasebenzise ngaphambi kotyando. | Amanye amayeza anokuthi ungawasebenzisi ngosuku olungaphambi kotyando. Amanye angathi kufuneka uwasebenzise. Buza ngawo ngononophelo. |
| Ngokukhawuleza. | Ukuba utyandwa kwigumbi lotyando, uza kucelwa ukuba uyeke ukutya nokusela iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwenkqubo. Le yindlela yokhuseleko enxulumene ne-anesthesia. |
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha nasemva kotyando?
Ngexesha lotyando
Okwenzekayo kuya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando olwenzayo.
- Utyando lweLaser: Oku kudla ngokwenziwa eofisini kagqirha wamehlo. Uza kucelwa ukuba uhlale esitulweni, amaconsi abangela ukuba amehlo angasebenzi kakuhle aza kufakwa esweni lakho. Emva koko kuza kufakwa ilensi ekhethekileyo esweni lakho kwaye ilaser iza kusetyenziswa ukulinyanga. Oku kuza kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Awuyi kuva ntlungu.
- Utyando 'lokusika' (Trabeculectomy, Tube Shunt, MIGS): Olu tyando lwenziwa kwigumbi lotyando. Usenokunikwa i-IV sedation okanye i-anesthesia jikelele, ukuze ungeva ntlungu. Olu tyando lungathatha naphi na ukusuka kwimizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiyure .
Emva kotyando
Emva kotyando, ugqirha uza kujonga uxinzelelo lwamehlo akho.
- Emva kotyando lwelaser, ungaya ekhaya kwiiyure ezimbalwa.
- Emva kotyando kwigumbi lotyando, kuya kufuneka umntu oza kuhamba nawe. Usenokunikwa i-eye patch.
- Ixesha lokuchacha liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando. Emva kotyando lwelaser, ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi eqhelekileyo kungekapheli usuku. Nangona kunjalo, emva kotyando 'lokunqunyulwa', uya kucelwa ukuba uyeke ukuphakamisa izinto ezinzima nokugoba iiveki ezimbalwa.
- Uza kunikwa amathontsi amehlo ukuze uwafake emehlweni akho. La mathontsi amehlo athintelwe usulelo kwaye akhawulezise ukuphiliswa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufaka la mathontsi amehlo kanye njengoko kuyalelwe, ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
- Uza kucelwa ukuba uze kwintlanganiso yokulandelela kwiintsuku nakwiiveki emva kotyando. Kubalulekile ukugcina ezi ntlanganiso.
Kuqhelekile ukuba amehlo akho abe bomvu kancinci, abile, kwaye angakhululeki emva kotyando, kodwa oko kufanele kuphele ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ukuba unale mpawu, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
Xa ubuyela ekhaya emva kotyando, kubalulekile ukuqaphela naziphi na izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingezantsi, kufuneka ufowunele ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko .
- Ukuba ufumana intlungu enganyamezelekiyo neqatha emehlweni .
- Ukuba umbono wakho uyancipha ngequbuliso okanye uba lufifi.
- Ukuba amehlo aba bomvu kakhulu aze akrazuke.
- Ukuba ufumana isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza.
Oku akwenzeki rhoqo, kodwa ukuba kuyenzeka, kunokuba luphawu losulelo okanye olunye uhlobo lwengxaki kwaye kufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utyando lweGlaucoma asinto yokoyika. Lunyango olubaluleke kakhulu lokuthintela ukungaboni kwakho.
- Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi uhlobo lotyando olukulungeleyo. Xoxa naye ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onazo ngalo tyando.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo ngaphambi nasemva kotyando. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa amathontsi eliso ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ungaphoswa ziintlanganiso zokulandelela emva kotyando. Zibalulekile ukuze ujonge indlela eliphola ngayo iliso lakho.
- Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu eziyingozi, ezinje ngentlungu eqatha okanye ukulahleka kombono, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
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